A nationwide pilot study on breast cancer screening in Peru
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Date
2023-01-09Author(s)
Araujo, Jhajaira M.
Gómez, Andrea C.
Zingg-De Jongh, Winston
Ausejo, Jhon
Córdova, Iván
Schwarz, Luis J.
Bretel, Denisse
Fajardo, Williams
Saravia-Huarca, Luis G.
Barboza-Meca, Joshuan
Morante, Zaida
Guillén, Juan R.
Gómez, Henry
Cárdenas, Nadezhda K.
Hernández, Lady
Melo, Walter
Villarreal-Garza, Cynthia
Caglevic, Christian
Palacio, Carolina
García, Héctor
Mejía, Gerson
Flores, Claudio
Vallejos, Carlos
Pinto, Joseph A.
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Show full item recordAbstract
“Introduction: A high prevalence of advanced breast cancer (BC) is a common scenario in
Latin America. In Peru, the frequency of BC at Stages III/IV is ≈50% despite implementation of a programme for breast cancer screening (BCS) along the country. We carried out
a study to assess the feasibility and develop an instrument to evaluate the knowledge,
barriers and perception about BCS in a nationwide pilot study in Peru among candidates
for BCS.
Methods: We conducted a systematic review of 2,558 reports indexed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Medline-Ovid and EMBASE, regarding to our study theme. In total,
111 were selected and a 51-items survey was developed (eight items about sociodemographic characteristics). Patients were recruited in public hospitals or private clinics, in
rural and urban areas of nine departments of Peru.
Results: We surveyed 488 women from: Lima (150), Cajamarca (93), Ica (59), Arequipa
(56), Loreto (48), Ancash (38), Junín (15), Puerto Maldonado (15) and Huancavelica (14);
27.9% of them were from rural areas. The mean of age was 53.3 years (standard deviation ± 9.1). Regarding education level, 29.8% had primary, 33.2% secondary and 37.0%
higher education. In total, 28.7% of women did not know the term ‘mammogram’ and
47.1% reported never receiving a BCS (36.9% from urban and 73.5% from rural population). In women that underwent BCS, only 67% knew it is for healthy women. In total,
54.1% of patients had low levels of knowledge about risk factors for BC (i.e. 87.5% of
women respond that injuries in the breast produce cancer). Cultural, economic and geographic barriers were significantly associated with having a mammogram where 56.9% of participants considered a cost ≤ 7 USD as appropriate. Mammogram was perceived as too painful for 54.9% of women. In addition, women
with a self-perception of low-risk for BC and a fatalistic perception of cancer were less likely to have a BCS.
Conclusion: We found that it is feasible to conduct a large-scale study in Peru. The results of this pilot study highlight an urgent need of
extensive education and awareness about BCS in Peru.“
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