Latin American perceptions of fear and exaggeration transmitted by the media with regard to COVID-19: frequency and association with severe mental pathologies
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2023-05-17Autor(es)
Mejia, Christian R.
Aveiro-Róbalo, Telmo Raul
Garlisi Torales, Luciana Daniela
Castro Hidalgo, Verónica Alejandra Alejandra
Valeriano, Jhino
Ibarra-Montenegro, David Alfonso
Conde-Escobar, Aram
Sánchez-Soto, Fernanda
Canaviri-Murillo, Yuliana
Oliva-Ponce, María
Serna-Alarcón, Victor
Vilela-Estrada, Martín A.
Arias-Chávez, Dennis
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“Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic contributed to the spread of abundant misinformation by the media, which caused fear and concern.
Objective: To determine the association between the pathologies of the mental sphere and the perceptions of fear and exaggeration transmitted by the media with respect to COVID-19 in Latin America.
Methodology: The present study has an analytical cross-sectional design that is based on a validated survey to measure fear and exaggeration transmitted by the media and other sources (Cronbach's α: 0.90). We surveyed more than 6,000 people, originally from 12 Latin American countries, who associated this perceived exaggeration with stress, depression, and anxiety (measured through DASS-21, Cronbach's α: 0.96).
Results: Social networks (40%) or television (34%) were perceived as the sources that exaggerate the magnitude of the events. In addition, television (35%) and social networks (28%) were perceived as the sources that generate much fear. On the contrary, physicians and health personnel are the sources that exaggerated less (10%) or provoked less fear (14%). Through a multivariate model, we found a higher level of global perception that was associated with whether the participant was older (p = 0.002), had severe or more serious anxiety (p = 0.033), or had stress (p = 0,037). However, in comparison with Peru (the most affected country), there was a lower level of perception in Chile (p < 0.001), Paraguay (p = 0.001), Mexico (p < 0.001), Ecuador (p = 0.001), and Costa Rica (p = 0.042). All of them were adjusted for gender and for those having severe or major depression.
Conclusion: There exists an association between some mental pathologies and the perception that the media does not provide moderate information.“
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