Bioherbicide from Azadirachta indica Seed Waste: Exploitation, Efficient Extraction of Neem Oil and Allelopathic Effect on Senna occidentalis
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Date
2023-05-24Author(s)
De Paulo Barbosa, Larissa Macelle
Oliveira Santos, Jorge
Mouzinho de Sousa, Rayssa Carolinne
Barros Furtado, Jomar Livramento
Vidinha, Pedro
Suller Garcia, Marco Aurelio
Aguilar Vitorino, Hector
Fossatti Dall’Oglio, Daiane
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“Bioherbicides are an alternative to minimize the damage caused to the environment using
agrochemicals. This study had the objective of extracting neem oil from ripe waste fruits that
Azadirachta indica A. Juss and optimizing the process using solvents (or a mixture of solvents) with
different polarities. Then, through a solid-liquid extraction system (Soxhlet), the solvents hexane,
methanol/hexane (1:1), ethanol, and hexane/ethanol (1:1) were used to determine the process with
the highest yield and most efficiency. The physicochemical parameters of the extracted oil (density,
acidity value, iodine value, saponification value, esters value, and molecular weight) and the % of
free fatty acids were determined. In addition, the allelopathic properties of the oil (0%, 2%, 3%,
and 4% m/v) on septic weed Senna occidentalis seeds were evaluated, analyzing their growth and
development parameters (germination, germination speed, hypocotyl, and radicle length). Hexane
was the most efficient (4 h) in neem oil extraction, with the highest yield (43%). It also provided
a better oleic and linoleic acid content (41.3% and 18.6%), similar to ethanol extraction (41.1% and
20.22%). Moreover, the allelopathic properties were more prominent for the oils extracted with
hexane and hexane/ethanol. This optimized process provides an efficient alternative to obtain a
natural herbicidal potential for strategically controlling harmful plants“
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