Examinando por Autor "Alfaro Fernández, Paul Rubén"

Mostrando 1 - 17 de 17

Acceso abierto
Advanced maternal age and complications maternal - fetal: Narrative Review. 2021
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2022-08-04) Huamán Mancco, Milagros Karina; Alfaro Fernández, Paul Rubén
Objective: To describe the scientific evidence published regarding the relationship between maternal and fetal complications in advanced maternal age pregnancies. Materials and methods: Narrative review characterized as qualitative. The population consisted of 300 articles found online on maternal-fetal complications related to advanced maternal age during pregnancy, of which 270 studies were excluded, and 30 studies provided relevant information. The study utilized scientific article search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Alicia Concytec, and the virtual library linked to Norbert Wiener Private University with access to ScienceDirect and Scielo. Results: Maternal complications present in women of advanced age include hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, premature rupture of membranes, anemia, urinary tract infections, cesarean deliveries, abortions, and postpartum hemorrhage. Regarding fetal complications found in the present study, newborns showed prematurity, low birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction, fetal death, macrosomia, Apgar score below 7, and birth trauma such as caput succedaneum. Conclusion: There is evidence in the scientific literature regarding advanced maternal age and maternal-fetal complications.
Acceso abierto
Consequences of gender-based violence during pregnancy in adolescents treated at Hospital Nacional Hipólito Unánue 2020.
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2021-03-02) Meza Ccoya, Lizeth Denisse; Alfaro Fernández, Paul Rubén
Objective: To determine the consequences of gender-based violence during pregnancy in adolescents attended at the National Hospital Hipólito Unanue in 2020. Materials and Methods: This was a quantitative, observational, non-experimental study with an analytical cohort and prospective design. The sample consisted of 284 pregnant adolescents who received care at the obstetric center of the National Hospital Hipólito Unanue. Results: The prevalence of psychological violence was 55.6%, physical violence 19%, and sexual violence 8.3%. Among adolescents experiencing psychological violence, the primary perpetrator was the father in 47% of cases. For physical violence, the partner was responsible in 69% of cases, while for sexual violence, the partner was responsible in 92% of cases. Maternal consequences in pregnant adolescents who were victims of gender-based violence included altered weight gain, urinary tract infections, hemorrhage, and pregnancy termination, with a statistically significant association (p<0.05). Conclusion: The study concludes that maternal consequences were statistically associated with gender-based violence, with psychological violence occurring in 55.6% of pregnant adolescents, physical violence in 19%, and sexual violence in 8.3%.
Acceso abierto
Cultural factors related to the habit food in pregnant women
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2021-09-08) Huaraca Rojas, Dora; Alfaro Fernández, Paul Rubén
Objective: To describe and analyze scientific evidence regarding cultural factors related to the dietary habits of pregnant women. Design: The study was a qualitative narrative review. Scope of the study: An exhaustive search of scientific articles published in various virtual databases was conducted. Subjects of the study: It included 33 articles published in virtual databases such as Scielo, Lilacs, and PubMed, during the period from 2016 to 2021. Results: Twenty-eight percent of the reviewed studies employed a cross-sectional methodology. Most studies reported a population where marital status was single, educational level was secondary school, and occupation was homemaking. Beliefs and myths about dietary habits included the notion that pregnant women must eat for two, that working too much is harmful during pregnancy, and that failing to satisfy cravings causes marks on the newborn. Dietary habits among pregnant women were found to be inadequate. Conclusions: The reviewed scientific evidence demonstrates that cultural factors are related to the dietary habits of pregnant women.
Acceso abierto
Determine the perception about vasectomy in men and women who attend the gyneprev preventive gynecological center, 2022
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-06-13) Cama Gupioc, Delfina; Alfaro Fernández, Paul Rubén
The predominant gender is the female sex with 59.5% as opposed to the male sex with 40.5%. Vasectomy is a safe family planning contraceptive procedure; The population indicates that they totally agree with 51.9%, the female population with 31.6% and the male population with 20.3%; It is also indicated that the population agrees with 29.5%, and there is another percentage that is undecided with 10.1%. Vasectomy causes the man to lose his sexual capacity; The female population concludes that they disagree with 21.9%; while the male population indicates that they are undecided with 15.6%. In cases of significant obstetric risk, in which the woman cannot undergo tubal ligation, the man should have a vasectomy. The female population concludes that they totally agree with 19.4% and the male population with 14.3% indicates that they are undecided.
Acceso abierto
Effects of oral Iron treatment in pregnant women with Iron deficiency Anemia during the years 2011 to 2020.
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-10-20) Mendoza Fiestas, Marcio Santos; Alfaro Fernández, Paul Rubén
Describe the scientific evidence found on the effects of oral Iron treatment in pregnant women with Iron Deficiency Anemia during the years 2011 to 2020. It is a study whose design is a qualitative systematic review. The population was made up of 60 and the sample was 20 scientific articles. The technique used was systematic reviews of scientific articles published between 2011 and 2020 in the databases, developed under the PICO methodology. Regarding the studies, it was found that they cause a significant reduction in the prevalence of low hemoglobin levels at or near the end of pregnancy, their daily or intermittent administration of oral iron with ferrous sulfate in both groups showed good results. but there is not enough data on the change in its recommended administration modality for its treatment. In relation to the value of the quality of the evidence according to the Grade system, it shows that 95% is of high quality, obtained from PUBMED (50%), Google academic (45%) and SCIELO (5%). This indicates that there is significant evidence on the effects of oral Iron treatment in pregnant women with Iron Deficiency Anemia.
Acceso abierto
Factors of use of the T Cu 380 A intrauterine device, and family planning programs 2016-2021: narrative review
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2022-11-18) Moreno Escudero, Yackelin Stephany; Alfaro Fernández, Paul Rubén
The evidence in the scientific world regarding the factors influencing the use of the Copper IUD T Cu 380A in family planning programs from 2016 to 2021 was explored. This study is a qualitative narrative research of secondary sources, consisting of collecting information from various bibliographic sources of scientific publications. Thirty-one scientific articles were analyzed, and the results showed factors related to the use of the Copper IUD T Cu 380A, such as psychological aspects, factors associated with myths and cultural beliefs, knowledge factors, and intervention programs. The study concludes that there is significant scientific evidence regarding the factors influencing the use and rejection of the intrauterine device.
Acceso abierto
Knowledge and practices on prevention of breast cancer in women, Hospital Regional of Huacho, Lima 2021.
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2022-08-02) Flores Bañez, Vilma Linda; Alfaro Fernández, Paul Rubén
Objective: To determine the level of knowledge and practices regarding breast cancer prevention among users treated at the gynecology and obstetrics service of the Huacho Regional Hospital in 2021. Methodology: This is a quantitative study with a descriptive and cross-sectional design. The population consisted of 207 users, and the sample was also 207. Results: Regarding the age of the interviewed users, 40.1% were between 25-34 years old, 83.1% of the users lived in urban areas, 59.9% were cohabiting, 44.9% had a secondary education level, and 43% were housewives. As for the knowledge level about breast cancer, 82.1% had an average level of knowledge. The level of preventive practices regarding breast cancer prevention showed that 65.2% of the users performed regular self-exams. Conclusion: It was concluded that the level of knowledge about breast cancer prevention among users treated at the gynecology and obstetrics service of Huacho Regional Hospital in 2021 was 82.1%, indicating an average knowledge level. The level of preventive practices was 65.2%, showing a regular level of practices regarding breast cancer prevention.
Acceso abierto
Maternal factors associated with stillbirth
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-09-10) Rojas Teodoro, Sthephany Shirlley; Alfaro Fernández, Paul Rubén
Objective: Describe the scientific evidence of the maternal factors associated with fetal death. Methodology: It is a Qualitative Systematic Review study of articles published in indexed journals. The sample included 20 original articles prov
Acceso abierto
Maternal-neonatal benefits of obstetric psychoprophylaxis.
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2021-01-27) Tapia Vilchez, Paola; Alfaro Fernández, Paul Rubén
Objective: To identify the scientific evidence on the maternal and neonatal benefits of Obstetric Psychoprofilaxis. Methodology: Bibliographic review, qualitative and retrospective. Articles reviewed from 2011 to 2020, sourced from BASE, Pubmed, and Google Scholar. The final sample consisted of 13 original experimental articles with a high GRADE score. Results: Benefits of Obstetric Psychoprofilaxis for the mother: decreased postpartum depression and stress, reduced fear and anxiety, lower use of analgesia, reduced pain, lower emergency cesarean rate, reduced healthcare system costs, spontaneous onset of labor, shorter dilation and expulsion stages, higher vaginal delivery rate, no episiotomy, improved childbirth satisfaction, psychosocial support from a companion, appropriate weight for the mother, decreased blood pressure, increased manual pressure strength, decreased plasma flow, increased ischiocural flexibility, decreased dorsal kyphosis and lumbar lordosis. Benefits for the newborn: appropriate birth weight, early initiation of breastfeeding, APGAR score between 8 and 10. Conclusions: This bibliographic review shows that Obstetric Psychoprofilaxis has various benefits for both the mother and the newborn, making its recommendation safe and evidence-based.
Acceso abierto
Placenta premature detachment – fetal death at the national maternal perinatal Institute‐ 2022
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-06-08) Menor Cotrina, Rosario Stephany; Alfaro Fernández, Paul Rubén
Patient Case: 21-year-old patient, 36 weeks pregnant, presented to the emergency department on January 15 due to the absence of fetal movements and contraction-like pain, denying fluid loss and/or vaginal bleeding. The patient tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Obstetric evaluation revealed FHR: 50 beats per minute ("sustained bradycardia") and the onset of labor. Laboratory tests found a hemoglobin level of 9.1 g/dl. The patient underwent an emergency cesarean section, resulting in a stillbirth: Female, weight: 3500 g, height: 49 cm, Apgar: 0-0. According to the surgical report, a pathological placenta was found with 70% fundal abruptio placentae and bloody amniotic fluid. The patient experienced uterine atony, prompting activation of the red code, uterine packing, and uterine artery ligation. She received two packed red blood cell transfusions. She was discharged in stable condition and transferred to the ICU, where she was monitored and given electrolyte replacement therapy. Once stable, she was discharged from the ICU on January 17 and transferred to the hospitalization ward for hemoglobin control. On January 18, a postoperative hemoglobin test showed 6.7 g/dl, leading to the administration of one packed red blood cell unit. By January 19, her post-transfusion hemoglobin level was 7.5 g/dl, stabilizing her anemia. The patient showed favorable evolution and was discharged on January 21.
Acceso abierto
Relationship between anemia in pregnant women and obstetric complications: hypertension, hemorrhages, low birth weight and preterm birth
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2021-03-24) Toribio Paliza, Magaly; Alfaro Fernández, Paul Rubén
Objective: To determine evidence on the relationship between anemia in pregnant women and obstetric complications through a systematic review. Design: The study was a qualitative systematic review. Study setting: The study was conducted through an exhaustive review of scientific studies published in various virtual databases. Study subjects: The sample consisted of 30 articles published in indexed journals between 2016 and 2020. Instrumentation: The Grade system was used in this study to evaluate each article. Results: Of the 30 selected articles, 23 demonstrated high quality according to the GRADE system. The most frequently studied complications in the articles were obstetric hemorrhages and low birth weight, with 14 articles each. Pregnancy anemia increases the risk of preeclampsia in pregnant women with 12.0% significance, obstetric hemorrhages with 18.0%, low birth weight with up to 18.0% association, and preterm birth with a 20.0% higher percentage of significant association. Conclusions: According to the reviewed evidence, gestational anemia significantly increases the risk of obstetric complications by 68.0%.
Acceso abierto
Risk factors associated with the recurrence of pregnancy in adolescents: systematic review 2014-2019.
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2022-08-11) Huallpa Palomino, Danixa Mirresha; Alfaro Fernández, Paul Rubén
Objective: To determine the evidence from research articles on the risk factors associated with adolescent pregnancy recurrence. Methodology: Qualitative systematic review of secondary data. The sample consisted of 24 studies published between 2014 and 2019 that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The GRADE scale was used for assessment. The data obtained were used to compare studies according to the risk factors associated with adolescent pregnancy recurrence. Results: The sociodemographic factors that showed statistical significance were age between 10 to 16 years, with an OR greater than 1.31. Primary and secondary education had an OR greater than 1.91. Regarding marital status, being single had an OR of 4.53. Being a housewife had an OR greater than 2.80. Harmful habits such as alcoholism and smoking had an OR greater than 3.63. Concerning gynecological-obstetric factors, early menarche had an OR of 2.72, starting sexual relations before 15 years old had an OR greater than 2.8, having more than 3 sexual partners had an OR of 3.03, not using contraceptives had an OR greater than 1.88, and an unplanned current pregnancy had an OR of 6.33. Regarding psychosocial factors, family type had an OR greater than 1.18, and financial support from a partner had an OR of 3.33. Conclusion: The scientific evidence on the risk factors associated with adolescent pregnancy recurrence showed a high-level recommendation strength.
Desconocido
Risk factors for intrauterine fetal death
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2021-05-25) Matos Cancho, Cynthya Catherin; Alfaro Fernández, Paul Rubén
Objective: To evaluate scientific evidence on risk factors for intrauterine fetal death. Design: The study was a qualitative systematic review. Study scope: An exhaustive search of scientific articles published in various virtual databases was conducted. Study subjects: 38 articles were considered that met the eligibility criteria within the study period from 2015 to 2020. Instrumentation: The Grade system was used for the study. Results: 32% of the studies were case-control studies, 43% of studies found an association between sociodemographic risk factors and fetal death, and 52% of the reviewed scientific evidence showed an association between obstetric risk factors and fetal death. 29% of studies reported preeclampsia as the main obstetric risk factor associated with fetal death, and 33% of studies reported that primary education is a sociodemographic risk factor. Conclusions: In the study, the obstetric risk factors were preeclampsia, congenital malformations, third trimester hemorrhage, diabetes mellitus, and anemia. Sociodemographic risk factors were primary education level, extreme ages, and being single.
Desconocido
Risk factors for macrosomia in pregnant women, 2020
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2021-08-04) Mercado Castillo, Rosa María Isidora; Alfaro Fernández, Paul Rubén
Objective: To conduct a review of publications on the risk factors influencing macrosomia. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of 20 primary original studies was conducted using databases such as Pubmed, Scielo, and Cochrane. Each study was examined to determine its strength and quality of evidence according to the Grade scale. Results: The review of 20 scientific articles on risk factors for macrosomia in pregnant women was performed using specialized search engines such as Pubmed, Scielo, and Cochrane. The studies were categorized into systematic review design, cohort studies (10%, 2 articles), case-control studies (85%, 17 articles), and systematic review (5%, 1 article). Conclusions: Analyzing the evidence from the publications, 70% (14/20) were related to gestational weight as a fetal risk factor for macrosomia. Additionally, gestational diabetes (GD) was present in 30% (6/20) of the systematic reviews analyzed, identifying it as another significant risk factor for fetal macrosomia.
Desconocido
Risk of loss of fetal well-being by cardiotocography and status at birth
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-05-09) Miranda Roca, Karen Beatriz; Alfaro Fernández, Paul Rubén
The work is a narrative review of publications where the search for studies was carried out using keywords in the following databases: PubMed, ScienceDirect, Dialnet, Redalyc, ALICIA, Elsevier and Google Scholar. 362 studies were identified, of which, after a selection process, 34 articles that met the inclusion criteria were included. Among the main results, the studies highlight that newborns who had cardiotocographic tracings suggestive of Loss of fetal well-being have a high rate of meconium (77% of studies), Apgar > 7 (73% of studies) and a low percentage of acidosis neonatal and respiratory morbidity (77% and 75% of studies). Not enough evidence was found regarding neonatal resuscitation and admission to the NICU. In conclusion, the evidence in the reviewed studies indicates that, with the exception of the presence of meconium fluid, there is not sufficient certainty of an unfavorable state at birth in the newborn previously diagnosed with Risk of loss of fetal well-being by Cardiotocography. Thus, Cardiotocography, used routinely in patients without risk factors, increases the risk of unnecessary cesarean sections and instrumental deliveries.
Acceso abierto
Sexual violence in adolescents 2015-2021: bibliographic review
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2021-12-06) Velarde Ascona, Mirian Carmen; Alfaro Fernández, Paul Rubén
Objective: To describe scientific evidence on prevalence, types, risk factors, consequences, and preventive measures of sexual violence in adolescents during 2010–2020. Materials and Methods: The design is a bibliographic review of descriptive studies aimed at identifying risk factors, consequences, and preventive measures related to sexual violence in adolescents. A total of 50 studies were identified, resulting in a final sample of 20 articles. Results: Of the 20 original articles, 60% of the final sample came from PubMed, 40% featured a cross-sectional descriptive design, and 25% were conducted in the United States. The main risk factors for sexual violence were alcohol consumption by the victim or their aggressors and having the aggressor within their family environment. The main consequences included depressive symptoms and post-traumatic stress disorder. The key preventive measure identified was the "Mi Sol" Educational Program, which had a positive effect on knowledge about sexual abuse and prevention skills. Conclusion: The scientific literature highlights the main factors, consequences, and preventive measures regarding sexual violence in adolescents.
Acceso abierto
Systematic review of the use of episiotomy and its perineal complications
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2021-08-10) Chuquimantari Zevallos, Ruth; Alfaro Fernández, Paul Rubén
The objective of this study was to determine the perineal complications associated with the use of episiotomy. The design was a systematic review of a qualitative nature, involving searches of information in various virtual libraries such as Lilacs, Elsevier, Scielo, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect. A total of 35 articles that met the inclusion criteria within the study period from 2015 to 2020 were considered. The Grade system was used to evaluate each article. Among the reviewed studies, 38% utilized a review methodology. Regarding perineal complications associated with routine episiotomy use, 26% of the reviewed studies reported that the primary complication was perineal tear. In relation to perineal complications associated with selective episiotomy use, 37% of the reviewed studies identified perineal tear as the primary complication. This study concludes that the reviewed scientific evidence demonstrates a significant relationship between perineal complications and both routine and selective episiotomy use.