Examinando por Autor "Ascarza Gallegos, Justo Angelo"

Mostrando 1 - 20 de 24

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Acute phase protein alterations in patients with a diagnosis of covid-19 in a polyclinic in Lima, 2020
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-09-24) Oliva Colan, Ana Rosa; Ascarza Gallegos, Justo Angelo
COVID-19 is a viral disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, which is distributed worldwide and causes high mortality and morbidity rates due to the acute inflammatory processes it induces. This study aims to determine the alterations of acute phase proteins in patients diagnosed with COVID-19 at a polyclinic in Lima, Peru, from April to September 2020. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,393 results, and a sample of 473 patients from the ROAL Polyclinic in Los Olivos district was analyzed. Serum concentrations of COVID-19 patients were evaluated using IgG, IgM, or both rapid tests. The analyzed acute phase proteins included C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cortisol, and D-dimer. Data analysis and the construction of figures and tables were done using STATA v14.0, with statistical descriptive analysis for estimating frequencies and central tendency measures.
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Blood alcohol level and traffic accidents in drivers UNIDDE-PNP – Sede Sngamos 2020
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2022-04-28) Ninantay Vargas, Jackeline Ibeth; Ascarza Gallegos, Justo Angelo
Traffic accidents are one of the national research priorities in Peru due to the number of lives lost daily. This situation worsens when the person (driver) has previously consumed alcoholic beverages, impairing reaction capacity, which often leads to fatal events. This study aims to understand whether there is a relationship between traffic accidents and blood alcohol levels in drivers examined at the UNIDDE-PNP, Angamos headquarters in 2020. A descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample included 147 drivers who underwent an alcohol testing and had a positive result, and also participated in traffic accidents. The results from the alcohol testing certificates revealed that, according to the blood alcohol level, 52.4% (77) were in the drunken state, 34.7% (51) in absolute drunkenness, 10.9% (16) in subclinical state, and 2% (3) in severe alteration. According to age, the group aged 18-29 years had 40.1% (59), 30-40 years had 27.2% (40), 41-50 years had 23.9% (35), and 51-60 years had 8.8% (13). According to gender, 95.2% (140) were male and 4.8% (7) female. Regarding accident types, collision was 66.6% (98), skidding 23.8% (35), pedestrian hit 4.8% (7), and others (overturn and fire) 4.8% (7). Regarding vehicle type, 72.1% (106) were private vehicles, 17% (25) motorcycles, 5.5% (8) public transport, 3.4% (5) bicycles, and 2% (3) tricycles. Conclusion: No relationship was found between blood alcohol level and the type of traffic accidents.
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Comparative study between ethanol and pisco distillate as cervical cytological fixative
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2021-09-30) Martínez López, Adita; Paz Alvarez, Miguel Armando; Ascarza Gallegos, Justo Angelo
Fixation is one of the key components of the pre-analytical phase, ensuring cell preservation and quality in exfoliative cytology tests. The objective of this study was to compare ethanol with distilled urine.
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Comparison between immunoturbidimetry and immunochromatography methods for the detection of human blood occult in feces in patients under 4 years old diagnosed with bacterial dysentery at the Madre Niño San Bartolomé Hospital, 2019
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-09-03) Manrique Tabra, Johnson Jorge; Ascarza Gallegos, Justo Angelo
Objectives: To compare the methods of immunoturbidimetry and immunochromatography for detecting occult blood in stool from children under 4 years old diagnosed with bacterial dysentery at the Madre - Niño San Bartolomé hospital in 2019. Materials and methods: The study is non-experimental due to data collection, cross-sectional, descriptive, and retrospective in nature, covering the period from January to September 2019. It is non-experimental because it collects information from the existing reality without intentionally manipulating variables. It is cross-sectional because laboratory tests are applied only once to the analysis unit. It is descriptive because the facts are described as they were observed. It is retrospective because archived data was collected. Results: Of the 81 patients enrolled in the study, 58.02% (47/81) were male and 41.98% (34/81) were female. The immunochromatography method yielded 25.93% (21/81) positive results and 74.07% (60/81) negative results. In contrast, the immunoturbidimetry method resulted in 39.51% (32/81) positive results and 60.49% (49/81) negative results. Conclusions: There is a significant relationship and correlation between both analytical methods: immunoturbidimetry and immunochromatography. The evaluation performed on the entire study population shows a p-value of 0.00, which is lower than 0.05 (significant relationship p-value) and 0.01 (correlation p-value), respectively.
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Cortical Trichological Characterization by Forensic Histotechnology
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 1905-07-09) Torres Zamudio, Susan Melody; Villavicencio Rafael, Andy Anderson; Ascarza Gallegos, Justo Angelo
The forensic importance of the cortex lies in the presence of pigment granules, which will serve as points of comparison for clarifying a criminal act. Therefore, the objective of this study was to characterize cortical trichology using forensic histotechnology. The study was observational, cross-sectional, and exploratory. The sample consisted of 300 samples, evenly divided: 150 human and 150 animal samples. Cross-sections were performed for analysis. The statistical analysis was done using contingency tables in SPSS. Five criteria were considered in the microscopic evaluation: Pigment Size (pigment granules in human cortex were fine, whereas in animals, they were coarse), Pigment Distribution (pigment granules in humans were peripheral, and in animals, central), Cortical Substance (the cortical substance in humans formed a thick cuff, while in animals, it was a hollow cylinder), Tonality (dark-toned pigments were granular, brownish pigments were diffuse, and grayish tones had no pigment), and Region of Origin (head hair was circular/oval with a narrow and central medulla, while pubic hair had an elliptical/irregular shape with an eccentric medulla). It is concluded that it is possible to characterize trichology based on pigment size, pigment distribution, cortical substance, tonality, and region of origin using the cortex and its elements.
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COVID-19 and its impact on blood donations in the blood bank service at Hipólito Unanue Hospital, Lima, 2020
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-09-17) Trujillo Mucha, Milagros Nicolet; Ascarza Gallegos, Justo Angelo
The aim of the present study was to determine the impact of COVID-19 on blood donations at the blood bank service of the Hipólito Unanue Hospital in Lima during 2020. The methodology used was quantitative, basic, non-experimental design with a deductive method. The sample consisted of records from the Blood Donation Unit of the hospital’s Blood Bank during 2019 and 2020. The technique used was documentary, employing two matrices: the first to collect information on donations during the specified period, and the second on unsuitable donors. These instruments were validated for reliability through expert judgment. The results revealed that blood donations decreased by 47%, while blood transfusion requirements only increased by 0.05%. Some reasons for donor ineligibility increased, such as low hemoglobin, unsuitable veins, and recent partner, while others decreased, such as risky behavior, jaundice, and infectious processes. It was concluded that there was a significant change in the number of donors before and after the COVID-19 pandemic (p<0.05).
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Description of the activity of the CKMB isoenzyme in vitreous humor in corpses with suspected acute myocardial infarction from the Institute of Legal Medicine.
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2020-07-23) Oblitas Falero, Yesenia Elizabeth; Ascarza Gallegos, Justo Angelo
Forensic sciences make the final diagnosis of cause of death with the help of auxiliary tests, such as CKMB. One of the biological samples used in forensics is vitreous humor due to its high protection against cellular lysis. To describe the activity of the CKMB isoenzyme in vitreous humor in corpses suspected of acute myocardial infarction, 23 vitreous humor samples were collected from suspicious corpses at the Callao Institute of Forensic Medicine and analyzed using the CKMB reagent on the BT3000 plus biochemical analyzer. The mode, median, average, standard deviation, percentiles, kurtosis, and skewness were evaluated, with the gold standard being the anatomopathological result. The descriptive statistics of male corpses showed a higher result than females, with a normal and symmetric distribution. The lowest biochemical CKMB result was 6 U/L, and the maximum was 7386 U/L. The anatomopathological diagnosis confirmed acute myocardial infarction. The dispersed CKMB values in vitreous humor samples from corpses did not show an adequate marker for acute myocardial infarction.
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Evaluation of private laboratory reports from the Southern Cone in June 2015 according to peruvian Technical Standard 151819
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 1905-07-07) De La Cruz Chupayo, Jaqueline Luisa; Ascarza Gallegos, Justo Angelo
In Peru, since 2008, a set of requirements specific to the quality of clinical laboratories were established under NTP 15189, which included the standards that laboratory reports should contain. However, these standards have never been evaluated in our context, and their compliance is unknown. On the contrary, each laboratory presented its own format, partially and differently fulfilling the criteria established in the quality regulations. Therefore, under the criteria of product evaluation, checklists were created containing the reagents specified in NTP 15189, and post-analytical evaluations were carried out in laboratories in the southern cone during June 2015. The results obtained would allow the standardization of clinical laboratory report formats in the country, fulfilling the primary objective of evaluating the private laboratory reports of the southern cone in June 2015 according to the Peruvian Technical Standard 15189. An exploratory-descriptive methodology and a non-experimental, cross-sectional, descriptive design (Sampieri) were used. It was found that no laboratory report evaluated fully met the quality standards established in the country for the post-analytical phase of laboratory results. It was concluded that the NTP 15189 should be promoted and applied nationwide to standardize clinical trial products.
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Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Garrett ACE 250 Metal Detector in the Search for Driver Evidence for the Investigation of Violent or Suspected Criminal Deaths
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-04-03) Sánchez Candiotti, Mery Luz; Baca Guillén, Fiorela Kristel; Ascarza Gallegos, Justo Angelo
In a violent or suspicious death, the PNP (National Police of Peru) collects evidence found at the scene using standardized methods for its collection, safeguarding, and protection until analysis. However, there is no technique for evidence search using a metal detector. Therefore, the objective of the study is to assess the effectiveness of the Garrett ACE 250 metal detector in the search for conductive evidence in investigations of violent or suspicious deaths. A total of 384 sweeps were made with the metal detector on different soil types, searching for common conductive evidence such as: projectiles (bullets and cartridges), sharp objects (piercing – verduguillo), (cutting – knife), blunt objects (hammer, pistol). The research established values for each level of effectiveness to be evaluated: High, Intermediate, and Low, and assessed all searches based on soil type, depth, and evidence type, highlighting the highest levels achieved as follows: The effectiveness levels of the Garrett ACE 250 metal detector in clay soil were High at 75%. At a depth of up to 10 cm, a 100% high effectiveness was achieved, and for blunt evidence (hammer and pistol), 75% high effectiveness was achieved.
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Genotoxicity and alterations of the formed elements of the blood tissue in children exposed to water contaminated with heavy metals in Rica Playa, Tumbes 2021.
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2022-05-14) Suyon Castillo, Angel Anderson; Ascarza Gallegos, Justo Angelo
Environmental pollution is a global issue affecting water, soil, crops, animals, and humans. Heavy metal contamination can cause various disorders in human body functions, especially in vulnerable populations such as children. The goal of this research project is to determine the relationship between genotoxicity and alterations in blood tissue formed elements in children exposed to water contaminated with heavy metals in the Rica Playa Tumbes community in 2021. A census sample consisting of 60 children under 5 years old, residents of Rica Playa, who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria, will be used. Methodology: This is a basic research study with a hypothetical-deductive model and a quantitative observational cross-sectional design. A value scale will be used to analyze the relationship between the variables.
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Immunohistochemistry in primary sarcoma of the breast, a clinical case report at the Ramiro Prialé Prialé National Hospital, 2021
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2022-11-20) Gutiérrez Maraví, Katherine Denisse; Ascarza Gallegos, Justo Angelo
A case is presented of a 44-year-old female patient who attended the pathology department for the review of slides and blocks (histological sections) resulting from a right breast tumorectomy performed in a private institution, with a diagnosis of malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast. The corresponding histotechnological procedure was conducted with slide review, new sections of the embedded sample for Hematoxylin-Eosin staining, and immunohistochemical analysis using specific antibodies for cellular antigens to rule out the presumptive diagnosis and the pathological suspicion of primary breast sarcoma, which was found to be significant. The immunohistochemical markers used were EGFR (+), Total Cytokeratin (+ weak focal), P63 (+ weak focal), Ki67 (+ > 40%), Her-2 Neu (-), Estrogen Receptor (-), Progesterone Receptor (-), Vimentin (+ diffuse), Alpha-Actin (+), S-100 (-), CD34 (+ in vessels). Based on the behavior of each marker, the final and definitive diagnosis was primary breast sarcoma.
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Level of compliance with biosecurity measures to avoid Sars Cov 2 infection in clinical laboratory technicians of a private clinic in Lima, November – 2020
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2022-02-17) Rodriguez Ballena, Yajaira Angélica; Ascarza Gallegos, Justo Angelo
This research is basic, with an observational, retrospective, and cross-sectional design, with a quantitative approach. The participation of 30 clinical laboratory technicians was evaluated to assess the biosafety measures to prevent SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
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Level of knowledge, attitudes and practices of laboratory personnel in the determination of proteinuria with sulfosalicylic acid in pregnant women from primary care establishments, Puente Piedra 2021
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2022-10-22) Cuadros Rojas, Karen; Ascarza Gallegos, Justo Angelo
The determination of protein in urine is one of the main diagnostic tools in laboratory routines. Ensuring the results requires quality assurance, knowledge, and practical application of the methods. This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of laboratory staff in the determination of proteinuria using sulfosalicylic acid in pregnant women. A quantitative, cross-sectional, non-experimental study was designed. Data were collected through a survey with prior informed consent. The results indicated a high level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices among laboratory personnel in determining proteinuria with sulfosalicylic acid in pregnant women.
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Microscopic characterization of garment textile openings in the investigation of crimes against life, body and health
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2021-12-09) Pastor Matías, Hannz Alexis; Verástegui Ramírez, Ibeth María; Ascarza Gallegos, Justo Angelo
The objective of the study was to characterize holes found in textile openings using optical microscopy. The fabric type was considered. These fabrics were perforated according to the type of damage that could be inflicted on the textile (cut, tear, and burn). The created hole was placed on a slide with a fixative. Observations were made using 40x and 100x objectives. The characteristics of each sample were recorded in a validated instrument for documentation purposes. It was determined that for cuts, a serrated fiber finish was obtained in animal, vegetable, and synthetic fabrics, with a prevalence of 87%, 93%, and 93%, respectively, at 40x magnification; and 100% for all at 100x magnification. For tearing, the prevalence of an irregular finish was observed for animal, vegetable, and synthetic fibers at 80%, 87%, and 93%, respectively, at 40x magnification; and 100% for all at 100x. For burning, a fused finish was prevalent for all fabrics at both magnifications, with 100% at 40x and 100x. The conclusion is that microscopic characteristics help identify the mechanism that caused the damage to the fabric.
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Performance of the gram and modified Browm - Brenn staining method in the diagnosis of bacterial endocarditis Incor, Lima, 2015-2020.
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2022-06-25) Artica Vicente, Reynaldo Abdias; Ascarza Gallegos, Justo Angelo
Infective endocarditis is one of the major heart conditions that pose a challenge to cardiology, with a high mortality rate. The microorganisms that cause this disease are diverse, with most cases linked to streptococci and staphylococci, and Staphylococcus aureus being the most prevalent in developed countries. In diagnosing infective endocarditis, pathological examination is more sensitive than valve culture. It has been shown that there are cases of culture-negative endocarditis, as well as those negative for conventional Gram staining. However, using the modified Brown-Brenn Gram stain, the result was positive, which led to therapeutic failures due to poor disease management. Considering the importance of the laboratory in aiding diagnosis, this study will evaluate the performance, in terms of sensitivity and specificity, of both the Gram stain and the modified Brown-Brenn Gram stain for diagnosing bacterial endocarditis at the INCOR.
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Prevalencia de anemia en gestantes atendidas en consulta obstétrica en el Centro Materno Infantil y Emergencias Tablada de Lurín – Villa María del Triunfo, 2021
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2024-10-30) Ayasta Mejía, María Luisa; Ascarza Gallegos, Justo Angelo
Investigación titulada "Prevalencia de anemia en gestantes atendidas en consulta obstétrica en el Centro Materno Infantil y emergencias tablada de Lurín – Villa María del Triunfo, 2021". "Tuvo como objetivo general determinar la prevalencia de anemia en gestantes atendidas en consulta obstétrica en el centro materno infantil y emergencias tablada de Lurín. El método de la investigación se basó en la observación y adoptó un enfoque cuantitativo. Fue un estudio básico descriptivo, no experimental, de tipo transversal y retrospectivo. Inicialmente, la población de estudio consistía en 154 participantes, pero finalmente se seleccionaron 120 gestantes que cumplían con los criterios de inclusión mediante un método de muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Como resultado de la investigación, se llegóa la siguiente conclusión": La mayoría de los casos de anemia en la muestra son de tipo leve, mientras que un 30% corresponde a anemia moderada. Esto indica que, aunque la anemia leve es predominante hay una proporción significativa de casos moderados que requieren atención. En función de las características demográficas podemos decir que: La mayoría de los casos de anemia leve (69%) y moderada (67%) se concentran en el grupo de 18 a 29 años. El mayor porcentaje de anemia leve se observa en personas convivientes (46.4%) y casadas (21.4%). En el caso de la anemia moderada, las convivientes también tienen una alta prevalencia (47.2%). El 70.2% de quienes presentan anemia leve tienen secundaria como máximo nivel educativo. La anemia moderada también afecta en mayor medida a quienes solo tienen secundaria (83.3%). La mayoría de los afectados por anemia leve son amas de casa (51.2%), mientras que este porcentaje aumenta a 66.7% en el caso de la anemia moderada. Los habitantes de la costa representan el mayor porcentaje de ambos tipos de anemia (57.1% leve y 52.8% moderada). La mayoría de los casos de anemia leve (60.7%) y moderada (61.1%) corresponden a personas con un ingreso económico de 950 soles. Primípara: 17.9% con anemia leve y 16.7% con anemia moderada. Multípara: 82.1% con anemia leve y 83.3% con anemia moderada. Total: 99 multíparas (82.5%). Periodo intergenésico < 24 meses: 78.6% con anemia leve y 88.9% con anemia moderada (81.7% en total). ≥ 24 meses: 21.4% con anemia leve y 11.1% con anemia moderada (18.3% en total). Atenciones Prenatales: < 4 controles: 27.4% con anemia leve y 36.1% con anemia moderada. 4 - 6 controles: 20.2% con anemia leve y 11.1% con anemia moderada. 9 o más controles: 52.4% con anemia leve y 52.8% con anemia moderada (total: 52.5%). Planificación de Embarazo: Sí: 22.6% con anemia leve y 27.8% con anemia moderada (total: 24.2%). No: 77.4% con anemia leve y 72.2% con anemia moderada (total: 75.8%). Ingesta de Sulfato Ferroso: Sí: 65.5% con anemia leve y 75.0% con anemia moderada (total: 68.3%). No: 34.5% con anemia leve y 25.0% con anemia moderada (total: 31.7%). La prevalencia de anemia en gestantes atendidas en el CMI Tablada de Lurín es alta, alcanzando un 77.9%. Esto destaca la necesidad de estrategias de prevención y tratamiento dirigidas a este grupo vulnerable.
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Relationship of the immunophenotype by cytometry with the therapeutic evolution, in patients from 0 to 16 years with myeloid and lymphoid leukemia, of oncohematology of the carlos alberto seguin escobedo hospital, January 2016 - December 2020.
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2021-12-11) Manrique Almenara, Gabriela Sofia; Ascarza Gallegos, Justo Angelo
Leukemias are a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by the infiltration of neoplastic cells from the hematopoietic system into the bone marrow, blood, and other tissues. Studies show that leukemia is the most common malignancy in children, accounting for 30 to 38% of cancers in individuals under 15 years of age, with 75% being acute lymphoblastic leukemia and 20-25% being acute myeloblastic leukemia. Flow Cytometry Immunophenotyping is a technique used to indirectly study antigenic expressions of importance. The antibody panels used help identify normal maturation pathways, aiding in distinguishing these from abnormal ones seen in dysplastic processes. Furthermore, therapeutic evolution refers to how a disease is controlled with pharmacological or other treatments, with continuous monitoring of the treatment process.
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Use the software to morphometric analysis TPS.DIG v.2.2.3 in the identification of documentary falsifications by stamps
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2020-01-16) Guzmán Zecenarro, Luis Alonso; Ascarza Gallegos, Justo Angelo
This research aims to determine the usefulness of the TPS.Dig v.2.2.3 morphometric analysis software in identifying document forgeries by stamps. A forgery simulation was intentionally created, designing three seals from three fictitious institutions (Society of Forensic Medical Technologists, Costa Rican Society of Forensic Medical Technologists, and Chilean Society of Forensic Medical Technologists), two types of seals (automatic and rubber), and three types of paper (75 g/m2 bond paper, 180 g/m2 Nordic white paper, and 90 g/m2 Manila envelope). The seals were divided into two groups, with each group containing three designs. The first group consisted of “original seals” (automatic type) and the second group consisted of “fake seals” (rubber type). The investigation was descriptive, cross-sectional, quantitative, and correlational. The sample size was calculated based on the total national reports made in 2016, collected by the National Police. The sample consisted of 270 stamp impressions, which were distributed among each seal group and type of paper. The stamps were measured using the TPS.Dig software version 2.2.3, and the data collected were compared, showing morphometric differences between the stamps from both seal groups. It was concluded that the use of TPS.Dig v.2.2.3 morphometric analysis software is useful in document forgery investigations by stamps.
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Utility of transparent adhesive tape on various surfaces as a Forensic Palynological Method
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 1905-07-09) Huanachin Huayascachi, Carmen Rosa; Santos Cuyutupac, Haydee del Pilar; Ascarza Gallegos, Justo Angelo
The objective was to demonstrate the usefulness of transparent adhesive tape on various surfaces as a forensic palynological methodology. Our thesis work is focused on contributing to the resolution of criminal cases effectively and feasibly, using assistive procedures applied to the forensic field. The results of the tests where transparent adhesive tape was applied showed positive microscopic visualization of pollen on different types of surfaces. Using the SPSS version 15 statistical software, the comparison of the variables was performed using the Chi-square test. The conclusion of our thesis is that transparent adhesive tape is useful as a forensic palynological methodology with a sensitivity of 84.17%.
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Utility of Virtual Reconstruction in Crime Scenes of Death by Firearm Projectile Using iCLONE Software in Peru, 2015
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 1905-07-09) Diaz Jara, Oscar Humberto; Misari Ramirez, America Maytte; Ascarza Gallegos, Justo Angelo
The main objective is to demonstrate the usefulness of virtual reconstruction in the investigation of criminal scenes involving death by firearm projectile using the iClone software. The study population and sample consisted of 129 security videos of criminal scenes of death by firearm projectile in Peru in 2015, which were virtually reconstructed using the iClone software. The study design is experimental and correlational. The following conclusions were reached: 81.9% of virtual reconstructions were found to be useful, according to experts, in the investigation of criminal death by firearm scenes. An important finding is the relationship between virtual reconstruction when performed with the help of the described account, security video, and Kenyer’s plan. The use of this software tool could avoid physical reconstruction, which brings many inconveniences, such as the need for human time, management processes, and operational expenses, all of which could be solved with virtual reconstruction to clarify the actual events.