Examinando por Autor "Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor"

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Acceso abierto
Concentración de mercurio y arsénico en Aulacomya atra Choro comercializado en los terminales pesqueros de Ancón, Ventanilla, Chorrillos y Villa María del Triunfo en enero del 2018
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2020-02-13) Centurión Contreras, Marleni; Centurión Contreras, Luz Aurora; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
The objective of this research was to determine the concentration of mercury and arsenic in samples of Aulacomya atra (choros), which were collected from four fishing terminals located in Lima, Peru. The research methodology was cross-sectional and descriptive. Two calibration curves for mercury and arsenic using standard solutions were developed to measure the concentration of heavy metals in bivalves, which were analyzed using cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometry with a hydride generator for mercury and flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry with a hydride generator for arsenic. All filter-feeding bivalves were collected from the fishing terminals of Ancón, Ventanilla, Chorrillos, and Villa María del Triunfo. The results of this investigation showed low mercury concentrations in the 20 samples analyzed, ranging from 0.03 to 0.25 ppm for Hg and 0.32 to 1.35 ppm for As. Compared with Peruvian standards, the data obtained showed levels of this metal below the maximum allowable limit (0.5 ppm) according to SANIPES. It was concluded that the concentrations of the heavy metals analyzed do not exceed the maximum permissible values.
Acceso abierto
Concentración de plomo y manganeso en sandias (Citrullus lannatus) expendidas de forma ambulatoria y su relación con el tiempo de exposición al parque automotor en seis sectores del Cercado de Lima, Lima, Perú, mayo 2019
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2020-11-26) Dextre Menacho, Fredy Wilder; Vicente Lujan, Rossana; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
The objective was to determine the relationship between the time of exposure to vehicular traffic and the concentration of lead and manganese in "watermelon" (Citrullus lanatus) sold by street vendors in six sectors of Cercado de Lima, Lima, Peru, in May 2019. Method: The Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry technique was used. The study analyzed lead and manganese in 36 watermelon samples with 15 hours of exposure (starting 6:00 a.m. and ending 9:00 p.m.). Results: For lead, the average was 5.31 ppm, and 50% of the samples exceeded the value of 5.68 ppm. The data deviated from the mean by an average of 1.07 ppm, with a minimum value of 3.38 ppm and a maximum of 7.10 ppm. For manganese, the average was 6.93 ppm, and 50% of the samples exceeded the value of 7.03 ppm. The data deviated from the mean by an average of 0.065 ppm, with a minimum value of 6.01 ppm and a maximum of 8.32 ppm. It is concluded that a direct and positive correlation exists between the time of the fruit's exposure to vehicular traffic and the concentration of lead and manganese, with statistical significance (r=0.705,p=0.000 and r=0.761,p=0.000, respectively). 100% of the samples exceeded the Maximum Permissible Limits (MPL) established by the WHO/FAO/Codex Alimentarius.
Acceso abierto
Cuantificación de plomo, cadmio y arsénico en granos de cacao Theobroma cacao L. y café Coffea arábica L. de la zona de Jaén – Cajamarca durante el periodo febrero–julio 2018
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-12-06) Condezo Nuñez, Silvia; Huaraca Mezones, Carmen Victoria; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
Coffee and cocoa are consumed worldwide and have gained international recognition. Many producers cultivate these crops using pesticides, or the soils in which they are grown are contaminated with heavy metals that can be absorbed by the plants. For this reason, it was necessary to quantify the concentrations of lead, cadmium, and arsenic in cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao L.) and coffee beans (Coffea arabica L.) from the Jaén – Cajamarca region, during the period from February to July 2018. A total of sixteen samples were collected and analyzed using the atomic absorption method associated with graphite furnace and FIAS hydride generation. The results showed that in coffee beans from the Jaén – Cajamarca region, the average concentrations were 0.11 µg/g for arsenic, 0.11 µg/g for cadmium, and 1.18 µg/g for lead. Most of the analyzed samples did not exceed the maximum values permitted by MERCOSUR regulations, making them suitable for consumption. In cocoa beans from the Jaén – Cajamarca region, the average concentrations were 0.08 µg/g for arsenic, 0.07 µg/g for cadmium, and 0.10 µg/g for lead. When compared with the permissible values established by the Codex Alimentarius, the concentrations of each metal found indicated that more than 60% of the samples are admissible for human consumption.
Acceso abierto
Determinación cuantitativa de arsénico, cadmio y plomo en maca (Lepidium meyenii) expendida en el mercado 10 de Octubre durante el período de junio–octubre 2016
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2016) Espinoza Dominguez, Judith; Quispe Huillca, Yessica; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
Maca (Lepidium meyenii) is a plant that grows above 4000 meters of altitude in the Central Andes of Peru, presenting different varieties based on the color of its hypocotyl. For this reason, we conducted a study on 28 samples to quantitatively determine the concentration of Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), and Lead (Pb) in maca (Lepidium meyenii) sold in the Mercado 10 de Octubre during the period of June–October 2016. The average concentration of Arsenic was 0.38 mg/kg with minimum figures of 0.17 mg/kg and maximum figures of 0.67 mg/kg. The average concentration of Cadmium was 0.32 mg/kg with minimum figures of 0.06 mg/kg and maximum figures of 0.62 mg/kg. The average concentration of Lead was 0.34 mg/kg with minimum figures of 0.12 mg/kg and maximum figures of 0.67 mg/kg. The values found were: 29% of the analyzed maca (Lepidium meyenii) samples exceeded the limit permitted by MERCOSUR for As (0.50 mg/kg). 14% of the Cd concentrations in maca exceeded the permitted value given by MERCOSUR for Cd (0.50 mg/kg), and 29% of the analyzed samples exceeded the permitted value given by MERCOSUR for Pb.
Acceso abierto
Determinación cuantitativa de arsénico, cadmio y plomo en razas de maíz (Zea mays L.) raza Cusco gigante, raza Kculli, raza Jora y raza Chaparreño expendidas en Mercado Caqueta de enero–diciembre 2020
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-09-23) López Ambolalla, Gisela Leonor; Pilares Salas, Rosa; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
A basic-type research study was conducted, with a non-experimental design, descriptive level, cross-sectional approach, using a convenience sampling method. Five samples were selected for each “corn” variety, totaling 20 samples. The technique employed was atomic absorption spectrophotometry, using a graphite furnace for lead and cadmium, and a hydride generator for arsenic. The obtained data were compared with the maximum limits allowed by MERCOSUR and CODEX ALIMENTARIUS standards.
Acceso abierto
Determinación cuantitativa de arsénico, níquel y cobalto en las tintas para tatuaje corporal comercializados en Lima Metropolitana durante el periodo enero–febrero 2018
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-07-05) Idrogo Delgado, César Olmedo; Montenegro Diaz, Evelyn Marianela; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
In this research, the concentrations of Arsenic, Nickel, and Cobalt were determined in samples of tattoo inks marketed in Metropolitan Lima, in order to establish whether these were within the permissible concentrations according to EPA 0128: Environmental Protection Authority Guidelines for Tattooing and Permanent Makeup. A total of 15 samples from different brands of tattoo inks marketed in Metropolitan Lima were collected, with black, red, and blue selected as the colors most frequently used in tattoo practice. The metals were quantified by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The average levels of Arsenic, Nickel, and Cobalt in the blue ink samples were 0.12, 0.20, and 30.0 ppm, respectively. The average levels of Arsenic, Nickel, and Cobalt in the black ink samples were 0.13, 14.29, and 0.49 ppm, respectively, while the average levels of Arsenic, Nickel, and Cobalt in the red ink samples were 0.23, 0.16, and 0.45 ppm, respectively. The values found were compared with the parameters established by EPA 0128.
Acceso abierto
Determinacion de arsenico en arroz envasado a granel expendido en los mercados de Lima Metropolitana, mes de noviembre año 2020
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2021-09-12) Tejeda Guillermo, Manuel Ángel; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
The objective of this research was to determine the average concentration of arsenic in bulk-packaged rice sold in the markets of Metropolitan Lima in November 2020. Method: A total of 33 polished rice samples, both national and imported, were evaluated. The samples were obtained from the South, East, and North Zones of Metropolitan Lima and were analyzed using the Atomic Absorption with Hydride Generator Method. Data were recorded with a validated instrument, and standard values (200 µg of arsenic/kg of rice) from the Codex Alimentarius and European Union Regulation 2015/1006 were used for comparison. Results: From the total of 33 samples, an average value of 155.5 μg of arsenic/kg was obtained. The average value for the 30 national samples was 154.7 μg/kg, and the average for the 3 imported samples was 163.3 μg/kg. Conclusions: The average values were below the international standards. The average inorganic arsenic values in national rice were within the permitted limits (155.5 μg of arsenic/kg), but 50% of the samples analyzed from the North Zone of Metropolitan Lima had values above the established standard, which suggests a need for further investigation.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de arsénico, cadmio y plomo en especias en polvo: ají paprika (Capsicum annuum, L.), ají panca (Capsicum chinense), pimienta (Piper nigrum) y comino (Cuminum cyminum), expendidos en el Mercado Caquetá – San Martín de Porres, Lima en el periodo enero – 2018
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-12-05) Llallahui Murga, Fiorella Margoth; Quispe Huisa, Luisa; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
The use of aromatic plants and spices in cooking constitutes a basic principle for the application of natural nutrition. Agricultural products can be contaminated with toxic heavy metals, including Arsenic, Cadmium, and Lead. High levels of these metals tend to accumulate in the soil surface, becoming accessible for consumption. The contamination of food products is becoming an inevitable problem, as air, soil, and water pollution contribute to the presence of harmful elements. The analysis of powdered spice samples showed variable concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, and lead in their composition. These values were subsequently compared with the limits established by the WHO.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de arsénico, cadmio y plomo en nueces, almendras y maníes comercializados en el mercado de Caquetá de febrero-julio 2019
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2020-12-17) Mazuelos Alfaro, Héctor Jesús; Albornoz Reyes, Willy Jhonatan; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
The general objective of this study was to quantify Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) in samples of Walnut (Juglans regia), Almond (Prunus dulcis) and Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) marketed in the Caquetá market during the period from January to July 2019. 15 samples were taken from 5 different stalls in the Caquetá market. The technique used was Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry for Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd). The average values of each 5 samples of nuts for Lead (Pb) were 0.80 mg / Kg in Nuts, 0.66 mg / Kg in Peanuts and 0.72 mg / Kg in Almonds, reaching the average value of Nuts to the limit, exceeding 6 of 15 samples analyzed in a total percentage of 40% the Maximum Permissible Limits established by MERCOSUR (0.80 mg / Kg), The average values of each 5 samples of nuts for Cadmium (Cd) were 0.09 mg / Kg in Nuts, 0.19 mg / Kg in Peanuts and 0.15 mg / Kg in Almonds, not reaching the average value of Peanuts to the limit, exceeding 4 of 15 samples analyzed the Maximum Permissible Limits established by the Heavy Metals Legislation of Switzerland (0.20 mg/kg), with a total percentage of 26.67%. For Arsenic (As) the technique used was Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry with a Hydride Generator. The average values for Arsenic (As) were 0.56 mg/kg for Nuts, 0.72 mg/kg for Peanuts and 0.52 mg/kg for Almonds, with no value reaching the Maximum Permissible Limit, with 1 of 15 samples analyzed exceeding the Maximum Permissible Limits of MERCOSUR (0.80 mg/kg) with a total percentage of 6.67%.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de arsénico, cadmio y plomo en suplementos dietarios de origen vegetal de venta en el mercado Mundo Natural del distrito de Cercado de Lima durante el periodo mayo–agosto 2018
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-05-23) Calsina Ramos, Marina Erika; Huamán Cucho, Yvonne Bertha; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
The general objective of this study was to detect the presence of heavy metals using the Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry method for lead and cadmium, and Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry for arsenic in samples of dietary supplements of plant origin, including artichoke, camu camu, flaxseed, and tocosh, sold at the "Natural World Market" in the district of Cercado de Lima. Results: For arsenic, a minimum value of 0.11 mg/Kg was found in flaxseed supplements and a maximum value of 1.68 mg/Kg in artichoke supplements. For cadmium, a minimum value of 0.11 mg/Kg was found in flaxseed supplements and a maximum value of 0.63 mg/Kg in camu camu supplements. For lead, a minimum value of 0.18 mg/Kg was found in camu camu supplements and a maximum value of 1.28 mg/Kg in tocosh supplements. Additionally, the average values of arsenic, cadmium, and lead in the analyzed dietary supplement samples were 0.68 mg/Kg, 0.32 mg/Kg, and 0.57 mg/Kg, respectively. The methodology used USP 40 as a reference. Based on permissible limits, it was concluded that for arsenic, 12.5% of the samples exceeded the 1.5 mg/Kg limit, for cadmium, 25% of the samples exceeded the 0.5 mg/Kg limit, and for lead, 18.75% of the samples exceeded the 1.0 mg/Kg limit.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de arsénico, cadmio, plomo y mercurio en quinua (Chenopodium quinoa) expendida en los mercados de La Victoria, durante el período de enero del 2018
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-11-29) Alcocer Santivañez, Eneth Elizabeth; Huamán Huamán, Edith Cindy; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
In this investigation, the concentrations of Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury were determined in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) samples sold in the markets of La Victoria, and it was established whether these concentrations were within permissible limits according to the parameters set by MERCOSUR, the European Union, and Brazilian legislation. The technique used was Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry with Graphite Furnace and Hydride Generator. The average value of Arsenic in the samples was 0.35 ppm, with extreme values of 0.16 and 0.59, with 55% exceeding the maximum permissible limit (MPL) established by MERCOSUR. The average value of Cadmium in the samples was 0.18 ppm, with extreme values of 0.08 and 0.33, with 73% exceeding the MPL established by MERCOSUR and the European Union. The average value of Mercury in the samples was 0.005 ppm, with extreme values of 0.01 and 0.011, with 9% exceeding the MPL established by Brazilian legislation. The average value of Lead in the samples was 0.20 ppm, with extreme values of 0.11 and 0.36, with 45% exceeding the MPL established by MERCOSUR and the European Union. These results indicate that there is high contamination by Arsenic, Cadmium, and Lead in quinoa sold in the markets of La Victoria – January 2018.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de bisfenol-A en aguas contenidas en botellas de plástico para beber, realizado en la ciudad de Lima – año 2017
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-07-11) Garcia Gutierrez, Wenceslao Andres; Parraguez Vilchez, Walter Nicolas; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
Bisphenol-A (BPA) is a chemical substance classified as an endocrine disruptor, capable of causing hormonal imbalances even at very low concentrations. It is present in various consumer products such as plastic containers, cans with protective coatings, and bottled water packaging. Given the widespread use of plastics, there is concern about the potential health risks associated with BPA exposure. This study aimed to determine the concentration of BPA in bottled water contained in plastic bottles. A total of 30 bottles from the three most consumed brands, as reported in a survey, were analyzed. The bottles were purchased from kiosks and small shops in Lima. BPA concentrations were measured using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) under two conditions: without stress and after exposure to heat (37°C for 7 days). The results showed that non-stressed samples had BPA readings below the detection limit of 7.190 ± 0.478 µg/L, with concentrations of 1.167 µg/L for Brand A, 3.015 µg/L for Brand B, and 2.507 µg/L for Brand C. For the stressed samples, BPA concentrations could not be determined due to increased noise and signal distortion in the HPLC detector. In none of the cases were BPA levels detected above the established detection limit. In conclusion, BPA was present in bottled water at levels below the detection threshold, while heat stress compromised accurate measurement. These findings emphasize the need for further research to assess BPA release under different environmental and storage conditions.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de bisfenol-A en tomatodos de plástico comercializados en la ciudad de Lima, año 2017
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-07-10) Acosta Baldera, Carlos Enrique; Huamán Bautista, Rosmery Lisbet; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a plasticizer that interacts with the hormonal systems of the human body. In fact, its ability to behave like estrogens (female sex hormones) has been known since the 1930s, and its effects on fertility, reproduction, and the endocrine system have been the subject of significant scientific debate in recent years. BPA is found in water bottles, baby bottles, food containers, cans with coatings, and other plastic packaging, which has raised concern, since we currently live surrounded by plastic objects that contain this toxic agent, which generally causes harm to human health. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the concentration of Bisphenol A in water contained in reusable water bottles (“tomatodos”) sold in the city of Lima, subjected to the temperatures and contact times to which they are exposed on a daily basis. A total of 24 samples were taken (12 blue bottles and 12 transparent bottles). The determination was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), finding that all analyzed samples presented non-detectable concentrations of BPA, below the maximum levels established by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).
Acceso abierto
Determinación de cadmio, mercurio y plomo en langostinos (Litopenaeus vannamei) procedentes del Terminal Pesquero de Villa María del Triunfo de Lima y de Ventanilla en el Callao durante el periodo marzo–abril 2016
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2017) Inga Reyes, Marilyn Janeth; Miraya Suarez, Mariluz; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
This study determined the concentrations of cadmium, lead, and mercury in shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) sold at the fishing terminals of Villa María del Triunfo in Lima and Ventanilla in Callao during March–April 2016. The technique used for the determination of lead and cadmium was atomic absorption spectrophotometry with a graphite furnace, and a hydride generator was used for mercury. For this work, 20 shrimp units were collected. For lead, an average value of 0.50 mg/kg was found, with extreme values between 0.28 mg/kg and 0.79 mg/kg. 50% of the samples exceeded the permissible limits (LMP) according to the National Fisheries Health Service (SANIPES). For cadmium, the average value was 0.42 mg/kg, with extreme values between 0.24 mg/kg and 0.65 mg/kg. 35% exceeded the permissible limits (LMP) according to SANIPES. For mercury, the average value was 0.19 mg/kg, with extreme values between 0.07 mg/kg and 0.34 mg/kg. This last value did not exceed the maximum permissible limits (LMP) established by SANIPES. The highest metal concentration found in shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) corresponds to lead.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de la concentración de benceno en aire en los asentamientos humanos cercanos a la refinería de Conchán – Lima 2019
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2019-09-20) Mallqui Vega, Nelva Mariluz; Alvarez Gutierrez, Paola Janeth; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
The objective of this research was to determine the concentration of benzene in the air in human settlements near the Conchan-Petroperú refinery in the Lurín district. The methodology used was the determination of benzene via gas chromatography. Sample: Benzene air sampling points were located at three upwind stations: Upwind 1 at the Ampliación Virgen de la Candelaria Human Settlement in Lurín; Upwind 2 at the Huáscar Transport company; and Upwind 3 on the rooftop of a house in Mamacona Alta. Three downwind stations were also set up in the same respective locations. Results: The concentration of benzene was as follows: Upwind 1, 0.0259 µg/m³; Upwind 2, 0.0237 µg/m³; Upwind 3, 0.0219 µg/m³; Downwind 1, 0.0247 µg/m³; Downwind 2, 0.0201 µg/m³; and Downwind 3, 0.0242 µg/m³. Conclusion: The air in the vicinity of the Conchan Refinery did not have benzene concentrations that exceeded the permissible limit of 2 µg/m³ established in the National Environmental Air Quality Standards (ECA) Regulation.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de plaguicidas organofosforado en Solanum Tuberosum L. Var. Yungay “papa“ del Mercado Mayorista de Santa Anita – enero 2015
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2015) Cupe Gonzales, Remigio; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
Over time, agricultural practices have evolved from traditional methods based on natural elements (water, sunlight, soil, manure) to industrial agriculture employing new technological resources, such as machinery and increasingly sophisticated chemical products. Consequently, pest control methods have also changed, with some farmers using pesticides that eliminate any type of pest. However, the indiscriminate use of these substances is causing contamination of water, soil, and food due to pesticide residues. The present research aimed to determine the presence of organophosphorus pesticides in Solanum tuberosum L. var. Yungay (“potato”). Samples were collected in January 2015 at the wholesale market of Santa Anita, located on Av. La Cultura, district of Santa Anita. A total of 10 samples of 1 kg each of Solanum tuberosum L. var. Yungay (“potato”) were collected equitably from different potato stalls according to the distribution map of the market. All safety measures were taken during transport to SENASA for subsequent analysis by the GC/MS method. The results showed traces of the pesticide Fipronil in one of the samples, with a concentration of 0.002 mg/kg, corresponding to 10% of the samples. It was concluded that this concentration does not exceed the maximum residue limit established by the FAO.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de plomo y arsénico en desayunos expendidos en puestos de venta ambulatoria en Cercado de Lima. Periodo junio–julio de 2017
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-07-09) Atachagua Bernuy, Shirley Naudy; Gonzales León, Lia Gabriela; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
The present research was carried out to evaluate the concentration of lead and arsenic in 120 samples of basic breakfasts consisting of a glass of quinoa and a bread with vegetable omelet, which were sold at street vending stalls in the Cercado de Lima during the period from June to July 2017. The amount of heavy metals was determined by the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry method using the Graphite Furnace technique. It should be noted that, for the present research, the sample consisting of a basic breakfast included a glass of quinoa and a bread with vegetable omelet, which were analyzed together. The levels of lead found in the quinoa drink samples showed an average of 13.29 ppb and a standard deviation of 7.36, with a minimum value of 4.425 ppb and a maximum value of 31.652 ppb. The bread with vegetable omelet samples showed an average of 12.05 ppb and a standard deviation of 3.74, with a minimum value of 6.425 ppb and a maximum value of 18.456 ppb. The levels of arsenic in both samples were not detected, probably because they were below the quantification limit of the technique or equipment used. The results of the research indicate that, in the quinoa drink and bread with vegetable omelet samples, the parameters of lead and arsenic did not exceed those indicated in the Codex Alimentarius.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de plomo y arsénico por absorción atómica en aguas de rio para consumo humano provenientes de caños y reservorio en el anexo de Huancapuquio, distrito de Chocos provincia de Yauyos 2017
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-06-06) Meza Poma, Milagros Zenobia; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
The concentration of Lead (Pb) and Arsenic (As) was quantified in tap water for human consumption and in water from the central reservoir originating from the Cañete River in the Huancapuquio annex, Chocos district, Yauyos province. For this purpose, 10 tap water samples and 10 samples from different points of the central reservoir were taken for both lead and arsenic analysis. The Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry with Graphite Furnace method was used for the quantification of the metals. It was found that the average lead concentration in the tap water samples was 11.8 µgPb/L, with a minimum concentration of 2.44 µgPb/L and a maximum of 26.31 µgPb/L. 50% of the samples exceeded the permissible parameters given by the WHO and the NTP (10 µgPb/L), indicating a risk of chronic intoxication and a public health problem. In the central reservoir, an average of 9.88 µgPb/L was found, with a minimum concentration of 2.54 µgPb/L and a maximum of 23.63 µgPb/L, and 40% of the samples exceeded the maximum permissible limits given by the WHO and the NTP. In the case of arsenic, the average concentration of the tap water samples was 3.39 µgAs/L, with a minimum value of 1.03 µgAs/L and a maximum of 10.53 µgAs/L. Only 5% of these samples exceeded the maximum permissible limits given by the WHO, and 100% did not exceed the NTP limits. Regarding the reservoir water, the average was 5.57 µgAs/L, with a minimum value of 0.72 µgAs/L and a maximum of 12.60 µgAs/L. Only 10% of these samples exceeded the maximum permissible limits given by the WHO (10 µgAs/L), and in both cases, the concentrations did not exceed the NTP limits (50 µgAs/L).
Acceso abierto
Determinación de plomo y cadmio en mollejas de pollo expendidas en el mercado Caquetá – San Martín de Porres – período Octubre–Diciembre 2014
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2015) Huamán Huamán, Dina Magali; Palacios Choque, Roxana; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
The objective of this study was to quantify lead and cadmium in chicken gizzards sold at the Caquetá Market – San Martín de Porres during the period from October to December 2014. Thirty chicken gizzard samples were collected from different vendors in the market. The method used for the quantification of lead and cadmium in chicken gizzards was Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry with a Graphite Furnace. The average lead concentration was 0.630 mg Pb/kg, with extreme values of 0.89 mg/kg, exceeding the maximum limits established by the Codex Alimentarius and the European Union in 87% of the samples. The average cadmium concentration was 0.20 mg Cd/kg, with extreme values of 0.29 mg/kg, exceeding the maximum limits reported in the study from Egypt in 100% of samples and in the Malaysian study in 90% of samples. In conclusion, the analyzed samples contain heavy metals, representing a potential health risk for consumers.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de plomo y dureza cálcica en agua de consumo humano de Caja de Agua – San Juan de Lurigancho. Febrero–Marzo 2017
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-04-23) Carmona Castillo, Karina Janet; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
The study aimed to determine the lead and calcium hardness in 21 samples of human drinking water in the Caja de Agua area of the San Juan de Lurigancho district from February to March 2017. The analysis was performed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry with a graphite furnace. It was found that the average lead concentration in the water was 0.0046 mg Pb/L, with values ranging from 0.001 to 0.019 mg Pb/L. 19.0% of the analyzed samples exceeded the maximum permissible limit of 0.010 mg Pb/L for lead in drinking water, as established by the WHO and the Peruvian Ministry of Health's Regulation on Drinking Water Quality (DS N° 031-2010-SA). The average calcium hardness was 370.86 mg CaCO₃/L, with values ranging from 104.25 to 1173.25 mg CaCO₃/L. 28.57% of the samples exceeded the maximum permissible limit of 500 mg CaCO₃/L, also established by the WHO and the aforementioned Peruvian regulation.