Examinando por Autor "Lozada-Urbano, Michelle"

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Ayuno y el estado nutricional en pacientes quirúrgicos en el postoperatorio en un hospital de Lima
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2020-11-05) Torres Tantavilca, Luisa Lita; Vargas Soto, Maritza Felicidad; López Ramírez, Sofia Marisol; Jaramillo Vidal, Henrry; García Contreras, Rocío del Pilar; Lozada-Urbano, Michelle
El sobrepeso y obesidad toma atención en estudios epidemiológicos y los resultados después de la cirugía. Se plantea como objetivo general determinar la relación entre el tiempo de ayuno y el estado nutricional en pacientes quirúrgicos. Estudio descriptivo y transversal, se realizó con 244 pacientes con cirugía abdominal y de pared (128 mujeres y 116 varones), con edades entre 15 – 65 años, seleccionados de manera no probabilística por conveniencia. Se revisó la historia clínica para medir el tiempo de ayuno en postoperatorio y al alta y, la evolución metabólica nutricional. Los resultados muestran a un 70,5% de pacientes con un ayuno < 24h, (14,8%; ayuno 24 a 36h); (14,7%; ayuno >36h) pacientes con sobrepeso (40,6%), obesos (15,2%), la estancia hospitalaria fue de 6,28 días como promedio. Se concluye que el ayuno se correlaciona con el IMC durante el posoperatorio y con el IMC durante el alta (p=0,000). Las variables sexo y ocupación también se asociaron al diagnóstico nutricional. Se requiere mayor atención al paciente con sobrepeso y obesidad en el perioperatorio.
Acceso abierto
Contenido de azúcar, sodio y grasas saturadas en el rotulado nutricional en snacks y bebidas no alcohólicas que se expenden en la ciudad de Lima Metropolitana, en el año 2018
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-03-27) Espinoza Rado, Erika Paola; Lozada-Urbano, Michelle; Mauricio Alza, Saby
Introducción: Los alimentos clasificados como snacks pueden ser perjudi-ciales y traer consecuencias adversas a la salud. El azúcar, el sodio, las grasas saturadas y las grasas trans forman parte de las sustancias cuyo consumo se recomienda reducir. Objetivos: Cuantificar el contenido de azúcar, sodio y grasas saturadas que se declaran en el rotulado nutricional de productos vendidos en supermercados. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo para el que fue-ron seleccionados 200 productos, los cuales se clasificaron en cuatro grupos: snacks de cereales, snacks de tubérculos, snacks de frutos secos y bebidas no alcohólicas. Resultados: Luego de la evaluación del contenido de azúcar, sodio y grasas saturadas declarados en el rotulado nutricional, los resultados muestran que, en promedio, las bebidas no alcohólicas contienen 8,9 g de azúcar/100 ml, y más del 40% supera los 10 g de azúcar por cada 100 ml de producto. El contenido promedio de azúcar en snacks de cereales fue de 22,06 g/100 g y el de sodio fue de 311,91 mg/100 g; asimismo, el 70% de estos productos contiene más de 10 g de azúcar por cada 100 g de producto. Para la muestra de snacks de frutas y frutos secos, la cantidad promedio de azúcar fue de 12,6 g/100 g y la de sodio, 250,6 mg/100 g. El contenido promedio de grasa saturada en snacks de tubérculos fue de 10,2 g/100 g y el de sodio fue de 451,00 mg/100g; además, el 60% de estos productos supera los límites máximos de sodio permitidos por la norma peruana para nutrientes críticos (400 mg por cada 100 g de producto). Conclusiones: Las bebidas no alcohólicas tienen elevado contenido de azúcar en un tercio de ellas, mientras que la cantidad de sodio se encuentra por debajo de los límites establecidos para este grupo de alimentos. En cuanto a los snacksde cereales, el aporte de azúcar excede las recomendaciones, al igual que el aporte de grasas saturadas. Los snacks de frutos secos superan las recomen-daciones para el contenido de azúcar y la tercera parte excede los niveles permitidos de sodio. En la muestra de los snacks de tubérculos, menos del 50% de estos productos analizados excede los valores permitidos para el contenido de sodio, lo que sugiere la necesidad de continuar los esfuerzos para mejorar la salud pública.
Acceso abierto
Herd immunity in older adults from a middle-income country: A time-series trend analysis of community-acquired pneumonia mortality 2003–2017
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023-05-03) Sanchez, Carlos A.; Rivera-Lozada, Oriana; Lozada-Urbano, Michelle; Best-Bandenay, Pablo
“Background and Aims Community-acquired pneumonia is responsible for substantial mortality, and pneumococcus is commonly accepted as a major cause of pneumonia, regardless of laboratory confirmation. Child immunization programs have reported success in decreasing pneumonia mortality: directly in young children and indirectly (herd immunity) in unvaccinated adult populations in some countries. We assess changes in mortality trends for all-cause pneumonia in older adults associated with the introduction of pneumococcal vaccination for children in Peru. Methods This is a secondary analysis on administrative data collected periodically by the Peruvian Ministry of Health. An observational retrospective time series analysis was conducted using longitudinal population-based data from death certificates in Peru between 2003 and 2017. The time series includes 6 years before and 9 years after the introduction of the pneumococcal-conjugated vaccines in the national child immunization program in 2009. Monthly frequencies and annual rates for all-cause pneumonia deaths in children under 5 years of age and adults over 65 years of age are presented. Linear and quadratic trends are analyzed. Results Deaths among older adults accounted for 75.6% of all-cause pneumonia mortality in Peru, with 94.4% of these reporting “pneumonia due to unspecified organism” as the underlying cause of death. Comparing pre- and post-child immunization program periods, annual average mortality rates from unspecified pneumonia decreased by 22.7% in young children but increased by 19.6% in older adults. A linear trend model supports this overall tendency, but a quadratic curve explains the data better. Conclusion Pneumococcal-conjugated vaccines are developed using serotypes prevalent in selected countries from less common (invasive) pneumococcal disease and expected to prevent mortality worldwide from widespread (noninvasive) pneumonia. Our results do not support the presence of herd immunity from pneumococcal vaccination of children for community-acquired pneumonia in the increasingly ageing population of Peru. This should direct future research and could influence public health policy.“
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Infant mortality rates and pneumococcal vaccines: a time-series trend analysis in 194 countries, 1950–2020
(BMJ Publishing Group, 2023-07-01) Carlos A Sanchez, Carlos A; Rivera-Lozada, Oriana; Lozada-Urbano, Michelle
Pneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a major cause of mortality in infants (children under 1 year of age), and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), delivered during the first year of life, are available since the year 2000. Given those two premises, the conclusion follows logically that favourable impact reported for PCVs in preventing pneumococcal disease should be reflected in the infant mortality rates (IMRs) from all causes. Using publicly available datasets, country-level IMR estimates from UNICEF and PCV introduction status from WHO, country-specific time series analysed the temporal relationship between annual IMRs and the introduction of PCVs, providing a unique context into the long-term secular trends of IMRs in countries that included and countries that did not include PCVs in their national immunisation programmes. PCV status was available for 194 countries during the period 1950–2020: 150 (77.3%) of these countries achieved nationwide PCV coverage at some point after the year 2000, 13 (6.7%) achieved only partial or temporary PCV coverage, and 31 (15.9%) never introduced PCVs to their population. One hundred and thirty-nine (92.7%) of countries that reported a decreasing (negative) trend in IMR, also reported a strong correlation with decreasing maternal mortality rates (MMRs), suggesting an improvement in overall child/ mother healthcare. Conversely, all but one of the countries that never introduced PCVs in their national immunisation programme also reported a decreasing trend in IMR that strongly correlates with MMRs. IMRs have been decreasing for decades all over the world, but this latest decrease may not be related to PCVs.
Acceso abierto
Poverty, Household Structure and Consumption of Foods Away from Home in Peru in 2019: A Cross-Sectional Study
(MDPI, 2022-08-23) Lozada-Urbano, Michelle; Huamán, Franklin; Xirinachs, Yanira; Rivera-Lozada, Oriana; Alvarez-Risco, Aldo; Yáñez, Jaime A.
“The aim of this study was to evaluate the probability of buying food away from home according to the type of household using the logit model, as well as the sociodemographic characteristics of the heads of household, and how much income expenditure represents. A cross-sectional study was carried out using the National Household Survey (ENAHO) 2019 database. After joining the database, the household type variables were created. To calculate the probability with the “logit” model of purchase, the variables—family size, income, types of household, and total expenditure— were selected as a measure of the purchasing power of the family. A statistically significant association (p < 0.05) was found between the probability of consumption and the variables: age of household members, predominance, nuclear without children–married, nuclear with children–cohabitant, nuclear with children–widowed, nuclear with children–separated, extended, compounded, poor not extreme, and not poor. The bulk of families was represented by nuclear families (61.97%). The highest expenditure in the CFAH was for families defined as composite with a yearly average of USD 1652.89 (equivalent to PEN 5520.67). Observing the expenditure on food consumed outside the home through the composition of households can allow a better approach to offer educational measures. This information can be helpful to developers of educational issues.“
Acceso abierto
Poverty, Household Structure and Consumption of Foods Away from Home in Peru in 2019: A Cross-Sectional Study
(MDPI, 2022-08-23) Lozada-Urbano, Michelle; Huamán, Franklin; Xirinachs, Yanira; Rivera-Lozada, Oriana; Alvarez-Risco, Aldo; Yáñez, Jaime A.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the probability of buying food away from home according to the type of household using the logit model, as well as the sociodemographic characteristics of the heads of household, and how much income expenditure represents. A cross-sectional study was carried out using the National Household Survey (ENAHO) 2019 database. After joining the database, the household type variables were created. To calculate the probability with the “logit” model of purchase, the variables—family size, income, types of household, and total expenditure—were selected as a measure of the purchasing power of the family. A statistically significant association (p < 0.05) was found between the probability of consumption and the variables: age of household members, predominance, nuclear without children–married, nuclear with children–cohabitant, nuclear with children–widowed, nuclear with children–separated, extended, compounded, poor not extreme, and not poor. The bulk of families was represented by nuclear families (61.97%). The highest expenditure in the CFAH was for families defined as composite with a yearly average of USD 1652.89 (equivalent to PEN 5520.67). Observing the expenditure on food consumed outside the home through the composition of households can allow a better approach to offer educational measures. This information can be helpful to developers of educational issues. View Full-Text
Acceso abierto
Preventive and Regenerative Effect of Glutamine and Probiotics on Gastric Mucosa in an Experimental Model of Alcohol-Induced Injury in Male Holtzman Rats
(MDPI, 2022-03-02) Lozada-Urbano, Michelle; Pitot, Christian; Recoba-Obregón, Paulo; Paredes-Inofuente, Diego; Cáceres, Cristina; Rivera-Lozada, Oriana; Inga-Berrospi, Fiorella; Cáceres, Cristina
Background: The purpose of this study was to measure the preventive and regenerativeeffect of glutamine and probiotics induced by alcohol injury in Holtzman rats. Methods: Analytical,experimental and prospective study. The population consisted of 56 male rats between 300 and350 g, distributed in three experimental phases: Pre-pilot phase PPP (6 rats), Pilot phase PP (10 rats),and Experimental phase EP (40 rats). In the pilot phase, 10 rats were subjected to damage with8.5% ethanol, which was given intragastrically. The dosage was calculated for 10 rats in two groups:the first with 7.5 mL/kg in 5 rats and the second with 8.5 mL/kg in 5 rats. The experimentalphase was performed in 40 rats divided into 6 groups, the negative control group (healthy), positivecontrol group (injured), preventive experimental group (glutamine and glutamine with probiotic)and regenerative experimental group (glutamine and glutamine with probiotic). At the end of eachphase, the rats were sacrificed with sodium pentobarbital (Halathal) and a portion of their stomachswas stored in formol. Results: The evaluation of stomach tissue samples (desquamation, erythema,hyperemia) showed that in the preventive phase, glutamine shows effectiveness in comparison toglutamine with probiotic. In the regenerative phase, glutamine and glutamine with probiotic didnot show significant differences. Conclusions: Glutamine and probiotics can potentially serve as atherapy for the treatment for gastritis
Acceso abierto
Preventive and Regenerative Effect of Glutamine and Probiotics on Gastric Mucosa in an Experimental Model of Alcohol-Induced Injury in Male Holtzman Rats
(Editorial Ciencias Medicas, 2022-03-02) Lozada-Urbano, Michelle; Pitot, Christian; Recoba-Obregón, Paulo; Paredes-Inofuente, Diego; Cáceres, Cristina; Rivera-Lozada, Oriana; Inga-Berrospi, Fiorella; Bonilla-Asalde, Cesar
Background: The purpose of this study was to measure the preventive and regenerativeeffect of glutamine and probiotics induced by alcohol injury in Holtzman rats. Methods: Analytical,experimental and prospective study. The population consisted of 56 male rats between 300 and350 g, distributed in three experimental phases: Pre-pilot phase PPP (6 rats), Pilot phase PP (10 rats),and Experimental phase EP (40 rats). In the pilot phase, 10 rats were subjected to damage with8.5% ethanol, which was given intragastrically. The dosage was calculated for 10 rats in two groups:the first with 7.5 mL/kg in 5 rats and the second with 8.5 mL/kg in 5 rats. The experimentalphase was performed in 40 rats divided into 6 groups, the negative control group (healthy), positivecontrol group (injured), preventive experimental group (glutamine and glutamine with probiotic)and regenerative experimental group (glutamine and glutamine with probiotic). At the end of eachphase, the rats were sacrificed with sodium pentobarbital (Halathal) and a portion of their stomachswas stored in formol. Results: The evaluation of stomach tissue samples (desquamation, erythema,hyperemia) showed that in the preventive phase, glutamine shows effectiveness in comparison toglutamine with probiotic. In the regenerative phase, glutamine and glutamine with probiotic didnot show significant differences. Conclusions: Glutamine and probiotics can potentially serve as atherapy for the treatment for gastritis