Examinando por Autor "Saldaña Orejón, Italo Moisés"

Mostrando 1 - 15 de 15

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Alteration of biochemical markers in patients hospitalized for COVID-19 at the Suiza Lab private health institution from June 2020 to June 2021
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-06-25) Melgarejo Cobian, Melissa; Saldaña Orejón, Italo Moisés
COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the new coronavirus or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The severity levels of this disease have been described by the World Health Organization as mild, moderate, severe, and critical. To predict the progression of these severity levels, biomarkers have been used. These biomarkers are molecules that can be detected or quantified through laboratory tests.
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Association between cardiovascular risk and erythrocyte distribution width in occupational patients of the Laura Caller Iberico-2023 Polyclinic
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2024-07-20) Huamani Paliza, Carolina Mirtha; Saldaña Orejón, Italo Moisés
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a public health problem in Peru, with prevention being the primary strategy. Therefore, evaluating cardiovascular risk (CVR) in asymptomatic individuals who present risk factors is the main strategy. However, there is a need to identify new biomarkers that facilitate identification. RDW is known for its association with cardiovascular diseases, and research suggests a prognostic value for RDW. The objective was to investigate whether there is an association between cardiovascular risk and red cell distribution width (RDW) in occupational patients from the “Laura Calle Ibérico” polyclinic. Methods: The sample consisted of 201 occupational patients from the Laura Calle Ibérico polyclinic. The HEARTS application from PAHO was used to calculate CVR, and RDW, cholesterol, glucose, and other demographic data were collected on a data collection form. Results: No significant association was found between RDW and CVR (P=0.345), or between RDW, CVR, and cholesterol (P=0.97). However, an association was found between RDW, CVR, and age (P=0.000), RDW, CVR, and blood pressure (P=0.04), diabetes (P=0.00), and smoking habits (P=0.01). Furthermore, 23% of patients are at risk of developing cardiovascular issues within 10 years if corrective measures are not taken.
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Comparison between the direct determination of LDL cholesterol and that estimated by equations in outpatients in a Private Laboratory of Metropolitan Lima, 2021
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2022-11-20) Marcos Carbajal, Liz Olola; Saldaña Orejón, Italo Moisés
Dyslipidemia is a growing concern in society, as the number of people with elevated cholesterol continues to rise, leading to cardiovascular diseases, arteriosclerosis, heart attacks, etc. Blood lipid levels are altered, such as excess cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and a decrease in high-density lipoproteins (HDL). Therefore, accurate and precise estimation is crucial for the diagnosis, treatment, and management of patients with dyslipidemia. This study arises from the clinical value of LDL-C, and clinical laboratories should have effective and standardized methods for routine measurement. The purpose of this research is to compare LDL-C values obtained via direct homogeneous determination and estimates using the Friedewald, Córdova, Martin, regression formula, and logarithmic equations in outpatient patients in a private laboratory. A data collection form with CT, LDL-C, HDL-C, and TG concentration data from adult patients in the Biochemistry area will be used.
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Degree of acceptance to voluntary blood donation in students of the first cycle of the medical technology course - 2023
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-09-17) Flores León, Rosa Dolores del Pilar; Saldaña Orejón, Italo Moisés
Blood donation is a voluntary action that benefits individuals in medical conditions requiring treatments such as surgeries, burns, blood diseases, drainage, or transplants. However, not many people participate due to fear, lack of knowledge, empathy, and other factors. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the degree of acceptance of voluntary blood donation among first-cycle students of the medical technology career in 2023.
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Development and validation of a test for the measurement of methhemoglobin through the analysis of images with a smartphone - 2023
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2024-07-20) Leon Trujillo, Bryan Estiff; Saldaña Orejón, Italo Moisés
Objective: To develop and validate a test for measuring methemoglobin using image analysis with a smartphone. Materials and Methods: The design of this research is descriptive cross-sectional, correlational, quantitative, and prospective. It will consist of a set of arterial blood samples collected in lithium heparin tubes at the Carlos Lanfranco La Hoz Hospital in the biochemistry area from September 2023 to January 2024. Results: A linear relationship was found between sodium nitrite concentration and methemoglobin concentration obtained in the ABL-800 Flex gasometer, with an R² value of 0.9971. The values of the red channel showed an inversely proportional relationship with methemoglobin concentration. Image analysis was performed using the regression equation Y = -1.0036x + 132.44. According to the research, methemoglobin determination with a smartphone showed minimal bias compared to hemoglobin levels and methylene blue concentration. Conclusions: A simple and cost-effective method was developed for determining methemoglobinemia through measurement of the red channel values of RGB using a smartphone camera, with minimal interference from hemoglobin levels and methylene blue. This will be very useful in health centers with limited resources or in situations where methemoglobin concentrations cannot be measured rapidly.
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Equations to estimate the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients of the Central Military Hospital 2022
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2022-11-27) Quispe Huamán, Antonio Jesús; Saldaña Orejón, Italo Moisés
The measurement of Low-Density Lipoproteins (LDL) is one of the tests included in the lipid profile, helping to determine whether a patient has hypercholesterolemia or hypocholesterolemia, both of which are associated with several diseases, including cardiovascular conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic utility of equations used to estimate LDL levels in patients at the Central Military Hospital in 2022. A comparative descriptive study was carried out, comparing four equations for calculating LDL cholesterol with direct methodology. A substantial number of serum samples from patients requesting a lipid profile were processed using a chemical analyzer. Results from the direct LDL cholesterol measurement were used as a reference for comparing the equations. Data was analyzed using Excel 365, and statistical tests were performed with SPSS version 22.
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Interference due to hemolysis in the measurement of biochemical constituents in two types of analyzers. Dry Chemistry vs. Liquid Chemistry – 2023
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-11-19) Oncebay Segura, Jackeline Zully; Saldaña Orejón, Italo Moisés
Introduction: Hemolysis in diagnostic samples is one of the leading causes of clinically significant errors in the measurement of biochemical parameters. Objective: To determine the effect of hemolysis interference in the measurement of biochemical constituents in dry chemistry analyzers (Vitros 7600®) and liquid chemistry analyzers (Atellica® Solution). Methods: Pre-experimental study with pre- and post-test. Increasing amounts of hemoglobin were added to seven aliquots of a serum mixture, and the interference on 22 constituents was determined in triplicate. The relative deviation percentage of the constituent's concentration due to hemolysis was calculated compared to a sample without interference. Tolerance limits for interference were established using the desirable systematic error criterion. Results: Significant interference was detected in 16 of 22 constituents for the liquid chemistry analyzer, while 17 constituents were affected by hemolysis on the dry chemistry analyzer according to the tolerable limit criterion used. The constituents with the highest biases for the liquid chemistry analyzer were LDH (+302.60%), AST (+102%), potassium (+44.82%), and CK (+27.66%), while for the dry chemistry platform, the affected constituents were LDH (+223.28%), AST (+109.43%), total bilirubin (+61.02%), and potassium (+44.44%). Conclusions: The discordant results based on the methodology and analyzer used highlight the need to harmonize processes and establish identical interference limits across laboratories and suppliers.
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Interference due to turbidity (lipemia) in the determination of enzymes of clinical interest - Lima - 2023
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2024-06-30) Helguera Carrasco, Alicia; Saldaña Orejón, Italo Moisés
Analytical interference is one of the main causes of clinically significant bias in the measurement of biological magnitudes. Lipemia-induced turbidity is one of the most common pre-analytical interferences in the clinical laboratory. The objective is to assess the effect of lipemia-induced turbidity in serum samples on the evaluation of the most common enzymes. Methods: A pre-experimental design was used with pre-test and post-test with a single group. From a pool of sera, seven aliquots were prepared to which increasing amounts of a lipid emulsion were added to mimic turbid samples, and one aliquot without the added interferent was used as a control. Results: The enzyme activity values for amylase, lipase, AST, and ALT were above the tolerability limits, while the bias in enzyme activities of FAL, GGT, CK, and LDH did not exceed these thresholds. Conclusion: Lipemia-induced turbidity significantly affected the enzymes amylase, lipase, AST, and ALT, while no significant effect was observed for the enzymes FAL, GGT, CK, and LDH.
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Level of knowledge about biosecurity for prevention of tuberculosis contagion in health staff Center de Salud Ermitaño Bajo, 2023
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2024-06-23) Tinoco Castillo, César Augusto; Saldaña Orejón, Italo Moisés
This research aimed to determine the level of knowledge about biosafety for the prevention of tuberculosis transmission among health personnel at the Ermitaño Bajo Health Center, 2023. Methodology: Hypothetical deductive method, quantitative approach, non-probability, basic, descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional design, with a sample of 70 health personnel, 42 clinical and 28 administrative subjects. A 20-item survey was used, with two dimensions: knowledge and protocol (13 items) and regulation (7 items). The instrument was validated by expert judgment and the V-Aiken test with v=100, and reliability was tested using the KR20 method with an index of 8.12. The significance level was set at p < 0.05, and differences between clinical and administrative staff were analyzed using the T. Student test, obtaining 5.32 and p-value < 0.001, and the Mann-Whitney U test, obtaining 530.00 (p < 0.001) for the first dimension and 840.00 (p < 0.001) for the second dimension, showing a significant difference in both dimensions. Results: 52.86% of participants had low knowledge, 41.43% had medium knowledge, and 5.71% had high knowledge. Conclusion: The level of knowledge about tuberculosis biosafety prevention among health personnel at Ermitaño Bajo Health Center is low, confirming the hypothesis. Objective: To compare the analytical performance of two hematological platforms, Beckman Coulter DxH 900 and Mindray BC 6200, used in a level III-I hospital of Minsa-Peru in
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Level of knowledge of medical technologists about the preanalytical process of arterial blood gas in hospitals of Metropolitan Lima - 2022
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-08-13) Lopez Rivera, Silvana; Saldaña Orejón, Italo Moisés
Study Objective: To determine the level of knowledge of medical technologists regarding the pre-analytical process of arterial blood gas analysis. Methodology: A quantitative, descriptive, non-experimental study was conducted, involving 74 medical technologists from a non-probabilistic sample out of 3,894 registered professionals at the Medical Technologist College of Peru. A questionnaire with 40 multiple-choice questions was used. The results showed that 36.5% of participants were between 31 and 40 years old, 43.2% had been working for less than 5 years, and 50% worked at Minsa. Furthermore, 67.6% had basic general knowledge, 50% had basic theoretical knowledge, and 62.2% had basic practical knowledge. Conclusion: More than half of the medical technologists had basic knowledge regarding the pre-analytical process of arterial blood gas analysis.
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Prevalence and factors associated with hepatic steatosis, estimated using the Fatty Liver Index in urban transport drivers, Lima - 2023
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2024-06-09) Rojas Huaman, Yessica Lucero; Saldaña Orejón, Italo Moisés
Introduction: Hepatic steatosis, characterized by abnormal fat accumulation in the liver, has emerged as a significant public health concern. This phenomenon is not only linked to various medical conditions, but a higher prevalence has also been observed in specific populations. In this context, the objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence and associated factors of hepatic steatosis in a particularly vulnerable group: urban transport workers. Methods: This is an observational, cross-sectional study where the Fatty Liver Index was calculated for 50 urban transport workers, and the relationship with factors that could increase the risk of the condition was determined. The Chi-square statistic or Fisher’s exact test was used, as appropriate. The binary logistic regression test was employed to calculate the odds ratio. Results: Hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) was estimated using the Fatty Liver Index in 38 individuals out of 50 urban transport workers, resulting in a prevalence of 76%. Independent variables such as obesity (p=0.001), waist circumference (p=0.003), and a history of diabetes (p=0.005) were significantly associated with the dependent variable, hepatic steatosis, with a 11.5 times higher likelihood of the event in obese individuals, 1.59 times higher when waist circumference exceeds >88 cm in women and >102 cm in men, and 1.87 times more likely if they have a family history of diabetes. Conclusions: There was a high prevalence of hepatic steatosis in urban transport workers, and the factors of obesity, waist circumference, and a history of diabetes were significantly associated with the presence of hepatic steatosis.
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Prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic patients by immunochromatography at the COVID-19 Villa Panamericana care and isolation center, Lima, Peru 2023
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-10-01) Tasayco Torres, Josué Enrique; Saldaña Orejón, Italo Moisés
This research is a contribution to understanding the situation during the first months of the pandemic, particularly in individuals affected by SARS-CoV-2, focusing on asymptomatic cases, which serve as an infection source for people with risk factors. Based on a database, all results obtained in the first months of the pandemic were selected. Initially, there was limited knowledge about the disease, as well as the interpretation and meaning of the rapid tests used. Health establishments set criteria to identify infected patients, including the basic symptoms of the disease, so that medical attention could be provided, as well as the rapid test to detect antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. However, potential asymptomatic cases were not considered. This population was not eligible to receive care at health centers, nor were they given the rapid test for detection. Therefore, it was decided to determine the prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in asymptomatic patients through immunochromatography, using data from all results obtained in the health establishment.
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Relationship of hemoglobin level and nutritional status in children under 5 years of age treated at María Auxiliadora Hospital, January-March 2020
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-08-13) Bustamante Daza, Tracy Mirian; Saldaña Orejón, Italo Moisés
The aim of this research was to determine the relationship between hemoglobin levels and nutritional status in children under 5 years old attending the María Auxiliadora Hospital from January to March 2020. The methodology was hypothetical-deductive, quantitative, correlational, and observational, involving a population of 554 children under 5 years old who attended the María Auxiliadora Hospital during the period from January to March 2020. A data collection form and Spearman’s rho coefficient test were used. The results showed that 55.6% of the children were ≤ 1 year old, 51.9% were male, 39.2% were from San Juan de Miraflores, 77.4% had normal hemoglobin levels, and 22.6% had anemia. Additionally, all presented a normal nutritional status in terms of weight for age (89.2%), height for age (85%), and weight for height (87.4%). There was no relationship found between hemoglobin levels and weight for age (p=0.900, Rho=-0.005), height for age (p=0.427, Rho=-0.034), or weight for height (p=0.899, Rho=0.005). The conclusions indicate that no significant relationship exists between hemoglobin levels and nutritional status in children under 5 years old attended at the María Auxiliadora Hospital in 2020.
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Serum cholinesterase levels in farmers exposed to pesticides in the Comisión de Usuarios del Subsector Hidráulico - Irrigación Santa Rosa - Sayán,2023
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2024-06-02) Obregon Mautino, Luis Alberto; Saldaña Orejón, Italo Moisés
Pesticide Poisoning in Agriculture: Poisonings from pesticides in agriculture caused by chemical compounds, organophosphates, and carbamates are cholinesterase inhibitors. Improper use of these pesticides poses a health risk, as they can enter the body through inhalation due to their high volatility, ingestion, and skin absorption due to their lipophilicity. Poisoning cases can be preventable; lack of knowledge, awareness, correct use of personal protective equipment, and good hygiene practices at the end of the workday are essential to prevent acute and chronic exposure. Additionally, measuring serum cholinesterase levels is crucial.
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Status of the role of clinical laboratories in the assessment of dysmorphic red blood cells in urinary sediment, Lima - 2023
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-10-01) Benites Ricra, Miguel Angel; Saldaña Orejón, Italo Moisés
Hematuria is defined by the presence of red blood cells in elevated quantities observed microscopically in the urinary sediment. The dysmorphic (abnormal) characteristic of the red blood cell in urine is a result of its passage through the glomerulus, indicating glomerular-origin hematuria. The initial diagnostic test should include microscopic examination of urinary sediment, the count of red blood cells observed per mm3, and the correct identification of the red blood cell morphology, either normal (biconcave) or dysmorphic with deterioration or deformation, such as vesicles or blisters on the red blood cell membrane, which indicates glomerular-origin hematuria. Currently, only international studies have shown the lack of standardization in methods for detecting and quantifying hematuria, and even difficulties in distinguishing non-glomerular hematuria from glomerular hematuria, as well as recognizing and categorizing dysmorphic red blood cell morphology, leading to discrepancies in clinical laboratories and suboptimal diagnoses.