Examinando por Materia "Anti-Bacterial Agents"

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Actividad antibacteriana de los extractos de acetato de etilo y acetona del zumo de Punica granatum L. "granada"
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2017-11-13) Escobar Figueroa, Bernardita Jaquely; Quispe Quispe, Lidia; Félix Véliz, Luis Miguel Visitación
Punica granatum L. (“pomegranate”) has been used in traditional medicine since ancient times for the treatment of various diseases. Several studies have demonstrated its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitic, and antifungal properties, mainly from hydroalcoholic extracts of the peel. However, few studies have investigated pomegranate juice extracts using acetone and ethyl acetate. The aim of this research was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of acetone and ethyl acetate extracts from pomegranate juice. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the disk diffusion method. Four concentrations (200 mg/mL, 300 mg/mL, 400 mg/mL, and 500 mg/mL) of each extract were tested against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Inhibition zones were qualitatively determined according to the Durafford scale for in vitro inhibitory effects in phytotherapy and CLSI antimicrobial standards. The results indicated that the acetone extract exhibited antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. Furthermore, a comparative analysis revealed that microbial inhibition was inversely proportional to the quantification of ellagic acid. These findings highlight the potential of pomegranate juice acetone extract as a natural antimicrobial source.
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Actividad antibacteriana de los extractos hidroalcohólicos de las hojas, flores, tallo y raíz de Schkuhria pinnata (Lanm.) Kuntze ex Thell. “canchalagua” frente a Propionibacterium acnes
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-03-13) Purizaca Meléndez, Kevin Manuel Eduardo; Condori Antialon, Laura Isabel; Félix Véliz, Luis Miguel Visitación
The plant species Schkuhria pinnata (Lanm.) Kuntze ex Thell, “Canchalagua,” from the city of Ayacucho, was obtained at the Wholesale Market “La Parada,” district of La Victoria – Lima, and was subsequently taxonomically classified at the Natural History Museum of the Universidad de San Marcos. The sample was cleaned and dried at the Research Center of the Universidad Norbert Wiener, where the parts of the plant—stem, root, leaves, and flowers—were separated. Hydroalcoholic extracts of each part were prepared, and the phytoconstituents present were identified, such as flavonoids, reducing sugars, phenolic compounds, and carbohydrates. For the microbiological test, the Disk Diffusion method was used with blood agar medium and the Propionibacterium acnes strain (ATCC® 11827). Standard antibiotics Q.P.: Doxycycline, Levofloxacin, Azithromycin, and Penicillin were employed. Disks impregnated with 10 µL of the hydroalcoholic extracts were added and compared with the standard antibiotic disks on the plates, showing that the hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves presented the largest inhibition halo diameter.
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Actividad antibacteriana del extracto etanólico de equisetum arvense (cola de caballo) sobre porphyromona gingivalis: estudio in vitro en Lima, 2024
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2025-02-03) Rojas Ventura, Milagros Kelly; Marroquín García, Lorenzo Enrique
La investigación estableció como objetivo “Determinar la actividad antibacteriana del extracto etanólico de Equisetum arvense sobre la Porphyromona gingivalis, estudio in vitro en Lima, 2024”. Se empleó un diseño experimental in vitro del cultivo de cepas estándares de Porphyromona gingivalis. La muestra incluyó a 10 placas Petri cada una con 5 discos en concentraciones al 6,25%, 12,5%, 25%, 50% y 100% del extracto etanólico de Equisetum arvense. La recolección de datos se llevó a cabo mediante la técnica de observación. Los resultados obtenidos evidenciaron una diferencia significativa en la actividad antibacteriana del extracto etanólico de Equisetum arvense frente a Porphyromona gingivalis in vitro, según el análisis de varianza (ANOVA), en relación con la concentración empleada. En consecuencia, se rechaza la hipótesis nula, concluyendo que existen diferencias significativas en la actividad antibacteriana en relación con la concentración utilizada (p ≤ 0.05).
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Actividad antibacteriana frente a Cutibacterium acnes y antioxidante de los extractos hidroalcohólicos de las hojas, flores, tallo y raíz de Hypericum silenoides Juss "canchalagua"
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2020-12-10) Moy Diaz, Brenda; Ortiz Arévalo, Yesenia Edith; Félix Véliz, Luis Miguel Visitación
The species Hypericum silenoides Juss "Canchalagua," native to the Cajamarca department, is a plant with various medicinal applications. The Objective of this research was to determine the antibacterial activity against Cutibacterium acnes and the antioxidant activity of the hydroalcoholic extracts from the leaves, flowers, stem, and root of Hypericum silenoides Juss, 'Canchalagua.' The Method employed consisted of preparing the hydroalcoholic extracts of the leaves, flowers, stem, and root of Hypericum silenoides Juss, followed by a solubility test and qualitative analysis to identify the metabolites. To determine the antibacterial activity against Cutibacterium acnes (ATCC 6919), the disk diffusion method was performed. For antioxidant activity, the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical method was used for evaluation. Results: The microbiological assay showed that the positive control group presented a larger diameter of the inhibition halo compared to the plant species extracts studied. The hydroalcoholic extract of the flowers showed greater antibacterial activity compared to the extracts of the leaves, stem, and root. The hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of Hypericum silenoides Juss, 'Canchalagua,' presented the highest antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 54.53 µg/mL, followed by the hydroalcoholic extract of the flowers with an IC50 of 57.05 µg/mL, compared to the control (Trolox) with a p < 0.05. Conclusion: The hydroalcoholic extracts of the leaves, flowers, stem, and root have antibacterial activity against Cutibacterium acnes and antioxidant activity.
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Actividad antimicrobiana in vitro de pastas medicadas utilizadas en tratamiento pulpar odontopediátrico, frente al Enterococos Faecalis, Lima 2025
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2026-02-23) Cadillo Herrera, Yanis Malu; Rojas Ortega, Raúl Antonio
El objetivo fue comparar la actividad antimicrobiana in vitro de pastas medicadas empleadas en tratamientos pulpares odontopediátricos frente a Enterococcus faecalis. Se desarrolló un estudio cuantitativo, básico y experimental (corte longitudinal, nivel explicativo), utilizando la cepa de referencia E. faecalis ATCC 29212. El inóculo se ajustó a 0.5 McFarland y se sembró en agar Mueller-Hinton; se aplicaron las pastas TAP, 3Mix, CTZ y Guedes Pinto mediante pozos/discos, con incubación a 37 °C y medición de halos inhibitorios (mm) a 24, 72 y 168 horas. Los datos fueron sometidos a Shapiro–Wilk y análisis inferencial con ANOVA (p<0.05). Los resultados mostraron diferencias significativas globales entre pastas (ANOVA, p=0.000). CTZ presentó la mayor actividad promedio (media 42.648 mm), seguida de 3Mix (35.3313 mm) y Hoshino (33.5553 mm); Guedes Pinto evidenció la menor actividad (19.9763 mm). En el análisis temporal, solo TAP mostró variación significativa entre 24, 72 y 168 horas (p=0.000), mientras que 3Mix, CTZ y Guedes Pinto no evidenciaron cambios significativos (p>0.05). Se concluye que CTZ fue la pasta más efectiva frente a E. faecalis en las condiciones evaluadas.
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Actividad inhibitoria de la Stevia rebaudiana y el xilitol sobre las cepas de Streptococcus mutans in vitro, Lima – 2025
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2025-10-23) Escurra Torres, Kelly Samantha; Huayllas Paredes, Betzabe
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la actividad inhibitoria de la Stevia rebaudiana y el xilitol sobre las cepas de Streptococcus mutans in vitro, Lima- 2025. Se empleó un diseño experimental in vitro de enfoque cuantitativo, utilizando 80 discos de cartón absorbente distribuidos en grupos: Stevia (25%, 50%, 100%), xilitol (25%, 50%, 100%), clorhexidina al 0.12% (control positivo) y agua destilada (control negativo). Los discos, impregnados con las soluciones, se incubaron con cepas de S. mutans ATCC 25175, midiendo los halos de inhibición según la escala de Duraffourd (actividad significativa: halo ≥8 mm). Los resultados demostraron que ni Stevia ni xilitol alcanzaron el umbral inhibitorio. Los halos promedio fueron: Stevia 25% (5.49 mm), 50% (6.20 mm) y 100% (sin efecto adicional), xilitol 25% (5.49 mm) y 50% (6.01 mm). En contraste, la clorhexidina mostró un halo de 22.51 mm (p <0.05). Además, las comparaciones entre concentraciones de edulcorantes no revelaron diferencias significativas (p >0.05), confirmando su ineficacia incluso al 50%. Se concluye que, bajo condiciones in vitro, Stevia rebaudiana y xilitol no inhiben el crecimiento de S. mutans, independientemente de su concentración (25%-100%). La clorhexidina mantuvo su superioridad, evidenciando que estos edulcorantes no son alternativas viables como agentes antibacterianos para prevenir caries.
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Análisis de la comprensión sobre los antibióticos de primera línea y su uso frente a la gripe común en comerciantes del Mercado Josfel del distrito Santa Anita. Lima-2024
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2026-04-16) Astuhuaman Gonzales, Veronikha Luz; Cano Pérez, Carlos Alfredo
El estudio analizó la relación entre la comprensión sobre antibiótico de primera línea y su uso frente a la gripe común en 253 comerciantes del Mercado Josfel (Santa Anita, Lima 2024). Se aplicó un diseño no experimental, transversal y explicativo. La comprensión se midió mediante un índice y el uso se evaluó en cuatro dimensiones: uso sin prescripción, cumplimiento, consulta previa y accesibilidad. Se emplearon chi-cuadrado y prueba exacta de Fisher, con α = 0,05, además de Phi/V de Cramer. No se evidenció asociación entre comprensión y el resultado dicotómico de uso (sí/no). En cambio, se observaron asociaciones significativas de magnitud pequeña entre mayor comprensión y cumplimiento de indicaciones, así como con consulta previa a un profesional de salud. No se encontraron asociaciones con automedicación ni con accesibilidad, conductas influenciadas por factores contextuales del entorno comercial. Los hallazgos respaldan intervenciones educativas focalizadas en uso seguro (adherencia y consulta) y sugieren medir el comportamiento con índices de uso responsable en futuras investigaciones.
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Automedicación con antibióticos en trabajadores de los centros comerciales adyacentes al Parque Alameda de las Malvinas del Cercado de Lima, 2018
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2019-01-29) Condori López, Diana Isabet; Ricci Upayacu, Yissela; Caldas Herrera, Emma
The present research aimed primarily to describe self-medication with antibiotics among workers of the commercial centers adjacent to Parque Alameda de las Malvinas in Cercado de Lima, 2018. This was a descriptive, observational, cross-sectional, and prospective study. The sample consisted of 370 workers. A total of 95.1% of the workers reported self-medicating with antibiotics. Respiratory, urinary, and skin infections were the main conditions leading to higher rates of self-medication with antibiotics (65.3%); the most frequently used subtypes were penicillins (34.7%) and quinolones (23.6%). The factors influencing self-medication included lack of health insurance (79.3%), lack of time to visit a physician (70.7%), and reliance on pharmacy staff as a source of information (47.4%). Furthermore, the study found that workers demonstrated a deficient level of knowledge regarding self-medication with antibiotics (67.6%) and bacterial resistance (96.9%).
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Automedicación con antibióticos para tratamiento de SARS-CoV-2 y factores de riesgo en usuarios atendidos en boticas de la avenida 225 Pachacútec – Ventanilla, 2021
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2021-08-03) Mayta Oré, Lizbeth Roxana; Maravi Conopuma, Guina Rocio; Ñañez del Pino, Daniel
The misuse of medications, such as antibiotics, carries significant consequences, increasing morbidity and mortality due to antimicrobial resistance, especially in the context of SARS-CoV-2. Objective: To describe how risk factors relate to self-medication with antibiotics for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 in users served at drugstores on Avenida 225 Pachacútec, Ventanilla, in 2021. Methods: The research type was basic, deductive, with a quantitative approach and a descriptive-correlational, cross-sectional, and prospective design. Results: Of 234 users who presented with SARS-CoV-2 symptoms, 55.6% had a cough, 43.2% a sore throat, 41.9% a headache, and 38.5% a fever. The reasons for self-medication were a lack of time (49.6%), the high cost of medical care (45.7%), and saturated hospitals (44.0%). Pre-existing conditions included diabetes (12.4%), obesity (11.5%), and arterial hypertension (6.0%). Regarding drug interactions, 59.8% reported consuming other medications. Concerning toxicity, 71.4% self-medicated with antibiotics, and 6.0% had developed some type of allergy. Additionally, 48.3% consulted a pharmacist based on their symptoms. Conclusion: It was determined that risk factors were significantly related to self-medication with antibiotics for the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 in the users served at drugstores on Avenida 225 Pachacútec, Ventanilla, in 2021.
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Automedicación y efecto adverso de antibioticos en pacientes de la botica Jan del distrito de San Juan de Miraflores 2021
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2022-05-20) Esquivel Chauca, Carlos Alberto; Justil Guerrero, Hugo Jesús
The study used a quantitative, basic, correlational, non-experimental, cross-sectional approach. The technique was observation, and the instrument was a survey applied to 168 users. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics presented in tables and figures. The results indicate the relationship between self-medication and adverse effects at the Jan drugstore in the San Juan de Miraflores district in 2021. For 'associated disease,' 58.9% expressed that chills almost never led them to self-medication. For 'knowledge of the consequence of self-medication,' 96.2% indicated they knew about the action and use of antimicrobials. For 'prevalence,' 38.1% reported that they never recommend self-medication to others. For 'pharmacological group,' 69.6% indicated that amphenicols always caused them some adverse effect. For 'affected systems,' 39.9% indicated that the adverse effect almost always affects their gastrointestinal system. For 'type of symptoms,' 39.3% stated that they almost always suffer from vomiting. It is concluded that the relationship between self-medication and adverse effects with antibiotics in patients of the Jan drugstore in the San Juan de Miraflores district in 2021 was highly significant and moderate positive (r=0.665;p=0.000<0.05).
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Buenas prácticas de dispensación en antibióticos en los establecimientos farmacéuticos en el distrito de Comas. Lima 2021
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2021-08-13) Chávez Quispe, Martina; Perez Yapias, Brilly Yoselin; Ramos Jaco, Antonio Guillermo
The process of dispensing drugs is a fundamental part of a patient's pharmacotherapy, aiming to promote, prevent, restore, and rehabilitate the population's health. This study's objective was to evaluate the Good Dispensing Practices for antibiotics in pharmaceutical establishments in the district of Comas, Lima, during the period of January-July 2021. The methodology used was an observational, cross-sectional, and prospective design. A data collection instrument was used for a sample of 200 individuals dedicated to dispensing in pharmacies and drugstores in the Comas district. The study evaluated four dimensions: reception and validation of prescriptions, type of pharmaceutical establishment, product delivery, and information. The results show that 81.5% of those evaluated complied with Good Dispensing Practices in the dimensions of validation and reception of medical prescriptions. Specifically, 100% compliance was found in the verification of medical prescription validity, while in the case of drugstores, it was only 83%. In the professionalism indicator, there was 100% non-compliance in scenarios without a medical prescription and 85% non-compliance in scenarios with a medical prescription. Regarding the delivery of products and information, a high non-compliance rate was evidenced, at 98.5% and 97% for the scenarios with and without medical prescriptions, respectively. Furthermore, in Table 2 and Figure 2, a higher level of compliance was observed in pharmacies compared to drugstores across all indicators, with the greatest difference in the verification of prescription validity (100% in pharmacies vs. 83% in drugstores). In conclusion, a high percentage of non-compliance with good dispensing practices exists in both scenarios, which can lead to complications in patient treatment.
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Características de la prescripción de antibacterianos en gestantes atendidas en consultorios de ginecología del Hospital Nacional Docente Madre Niño San Bartolomé
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2017-12-06) Aguilar Rojas, María del Rosario; Villavicencio Chaico, Carlos Alberto; Respicio López, Patricia Milagros
The present thesis aimed to determine the characteristics of the prescription of antibacterials in pregnant women treated in the gynecology outpatient clinics of the Hospital Nacional Docente Madre – Niño San Bartolomé, in Cercado de Lima, Lima–Peru, between January – December 2016. A retrospective, observational, descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out, in which the characteristics of 495 prescribed antibacterials corresponding to 100% were analyzed, duly meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. An instrument was developed for data collection. Among the results, it was found that 97.2% of the prescribed antibacterials recorded the frequency of administration, while in 62.4% the route of administration was not recorded, and 52.1% recorded the dose of administration. Regarding the quality of prescription, 80.4% of the prescribed antibacterials were inadequate, that is, they lacked at least one element such as dose, frequency, route of administration, or days of treatment at the time of prescription. A total of 95.76% of the prescribed antibacterials did belong to the National Essential Medicines List. A total of 99.40% of the prescribed antibacterials were given under the International Nonproprietary Name. A total of 97.58% of the prescribed antibacterials were not for restricted use. The most prescribed antibacterial, with 29.5%, was cephalexin 500 mg tablets, followed by metronidazole 500 mg tablets with 22.4%. In conclusion, the application of the present thesis demonstrated that the characteristics of antibacterial prescription do not show quality in prescription.
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Características de prescripción de antibióticos en las recetas médicas dispensadas en la farmacia del consultorio externo del Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, marzo–agosto 2016
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2017) Hilario Rojas, Sadith Julieta; Quichca Palomino, Silvia Noemí; Rodríguez Arizabal, Julio Cesar
The characteristics of antibiotic prescribing in medical prescriptions dispensed at the outpatient pharmacy of the Dos de Mayo National Hospital do not comply with good prescribing practices. There was a higher percentage incidence in the lack of legibility in prescriptions, the lack of the doctor's signature, the lack of the doctor's stamp, the lack of treatment duration, and the lack of medication dosage. The majority of medical prescriptions (90.2%) contained only one antibiotic per prescription, while antibiotic combinations were present in 9.8% of medical prescriptions. In the ATC classification of antibiotics, 100% predominance was found in the anatomical group Anti-infectives for systemic use and the therapeutic subgroup antibacterials for systemic use. The therapeutic group with the greatest presence was β-lactam antibacterials, penicillins. Finally, Amoxicillin was the most used chemical substance or active ingredient in the research. In the ATC classification of antibiotics, 100% predominance was found in the anatomical group Anti-infectives for systemic use and the therapeutic subgroup antibacterials for systemic use.
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Características de prescripción y uso racional de medicamentos en infecciones respiratorias de pacientes atendidos en el Centro de Salud Juan Pablo II, año 2017
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2021-07-21) Rondoy Murillo, Paula Rosa; Zacarias Ynciso, Maritza Flor; Collanque Pinto, Jesús Daniel
This research aimed to determine the characteristics of prescriptions and the rational use of medications for respiratory infections in patients treated at the Juan Pablo II Health Center. Materials and methods: The study was descriptive, observational, cross-sectional, retrospective, and quantitative. Prescriptions filled at the pharmacy service for patients diagnosed with respiratory infections in 2017 were verified. The population consisted of 1,360 medical prescriptions, from which a sample of 315 was selected. Results: The indicators showed the following: dose registration was 81.3%; frequency registration was 74.3%; duration of treatment registration was 29.5%; and the route of administration registration was 71.4%. 46.3% of the prescriptions were legible, while 53.7% were illegible. Prescriptions that jointly met all five aspects considered in the research had a 4.1% compliance rate. The highest number of medications prescribed per prescription was two medications (38.7%), followed by three medications (34.6%). Regarding antibiotics prescribed for respiratory infections, 86.3% (272) had one antibiotic, and 4.8% (15) had two. A 100% compliance rate was found for medications included in the National Essential Medicines List (PNUME) and for prescribing medications by their International Nonproprietary Name (INN). Conclusion: It was determined that there are deficiencies in prescription characteristics related to indications, legibility, and non-compliance with the Manual of Good Prescribing Practices and the study's Prescription Characteristics Protocol. However, it was found that the rational use of medications complied with the established standards at a 100% rate.
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Características y nivel de cumplimiento de buenas prácticas de prescripción de antibióticos en recetas atendidas en boticas del distrito de Santa Anita – Lima 2022
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-07-21) Arizapana Castillon, Gicela; Toribio Arteaga, Luis Jhobel; Ramos Jaco, Antonio Guillermo
The present research was titled "Compliance with Good Prescription Practices in Medical Prescriptions Dispensed in Pharmacies in Santa Anita, 2022." The objective was to determine the characteristics and level of compliance with good prescription practices in antibiotic prescriptions dispensed in pharmacies in the district of Santa Anita, Lima, 2022. The method used was deductive, with a quantitative approach, basic type, and non-experimental design. The study population consisted of 5,000 prescriptions, from which a non-probabilistic sample of 400 users was analyzed. The observation technique was applied, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics represented in tables and graphs. Results: The most prescribed antibiotics were ciprofloxacin (18%), amoxicillin (14%), and azithromycin (11%). The most common routes of administration were oral (81%), parenteral (14%), and topical (5%). Potential adverse reactions were type A in 88% and type B in 12%. Additionally, patient compliance was 45.33%, compliance with medication data was 76%, and compliance with prescription practices was 70.66%. Conclusion: The level of compliance with good prescription practices for antibiotics in pharmaceutical prescriptions in Santa Anita averaged 63.99% across the analyzed prescriptions.
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Características y nivel de cumplimiento de buenas prácticas de prescripción en recetas de antibióticos atendidas en boticas Perú de San Juan de Miraflores – Lima 2021
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2021-08-13) Heredia Huarcaya, Johnny; Mochcco Aguilar, Flor; Ñañez del Pino, Daniel
Compliance with good prescribing practices is crucial for public health, as its application prevents negative consequences for patient health. Likewise, the characterization of antibiotics is a necessity for proper registration and control. The objective of this study was to determine the characteristics and the level of compliance with good prescribing practices for antibiotic prescriptions filled at Boticas Perú in San Juan de Miraflores, Lima, in 2021. Methodology: A quantitative, observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional approach was used. The technique was observation, and the instrument was a data collection form applied to a sample of 364 prescriptions. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics of central tendency and presented in tables and figures. Results: The results indicate a higher prescription rate for antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin (19%), amoxicillin (17%), and azithromycin (10%). The most common route of administration was oral (74%), followed by parenteral (14%), and topical (12%). A higher percentage of potential adverse effects were of Type A (89%) compared to Type B (11%). Furthermore, there was a high compliance level (79%) for medication data, a medium compliance level (72.3%) for prescriber data, and a low compliance level (43.3%) for patient data. Conclusion: The level of compliance with good prescribing practices for antibiotics showed an overall medium level (64.9%), and a large percentage of prescriptions contained antibiotics.
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Caracterización de la resistencia bacteriana en infección urinaria de pacientes diabéticos en un hospital de Lima, 2023
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2024-12-18) Barboza Zambrano, Milagros Antonet; Huamán Cárdenas, Víctor Raúl
El presente estudio tuvo el objetivo de caracterizar la resistencia bacteriana en infecciones del tracto urinario en pacientes diabéticos atendidos en un hospital de Lima durante 2023. La metodología aplicada tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo, de diseño no experimental y nivel correlacional, en la que se recolectó información de 142 pacientes a partir de sus historias clínicas utilzando una ficha de registro. Los resultados mostraron la detección de 15 especies bacterianas, donde la mayoría correspondió a infección por Escherichia coli con un 58.62% de los casos. El 66.90% presentaron sensibilidad a los antibióticos, 3.03% una resistencia intermedia y 30.07% una resistencia total, de ello, mostraron un 100.00% de sensibilidad ante glucopeptidos, y similarmente, los aminoglucósidos y las cefalosporinas presentan una sensibilidad del 76.49% y 74.66%, respectivamente. La prueba exacta de Fisher reveló un nivel de significancia mayor a 0.05 al correlacionar la resistencia bacteriana con variables clínicas del paciente. Por lo tanto, se concluye que la resistencia bacteriana no se relaciona con el control glucémico, presencia de comorbilidades o haber tenido tratamientos previos con antibióticos.
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Citotoxicidad y efecto bactericida de la Matricaria Chamomilla sobre el Streptococcus Mutans- in vitro
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2025-11-05) Valdivieso Ramirez, Jhenifer Milytza; Trucios Saldarriaga, Karina Milagritos
Se analizó tanto la acción bactericida como la citotoxicidad del aceite esencial de Matricaria chamomilla al 25 %, en comparación con el digluconato de clorhexidina al 0,12 % y al agua destilada como control negativo frente a Streptococcus mutans., en condiciones in vitro. Se utilizó la técnica de Kirby-Bauer para medir la sensibilidad bacteriana y Microscopia óptica, técnica para visualizar bacterias u otros microorganismos en el microscopio y analizar la viabilidad celular. Se aplicaron discos con manzanilla al 25 %, clorhexidina al 0,12 % y agua destilada (control negativo) utilizando 15 placas para efecto bactericida y 4 cámaras de Neubauer para efecto citotoxicidad exponiendo tejido celular a la manzanilla durante 5, 15 y 30 minutos, simulando el uso real de un enjuague bucal, evaluando el daño celular. Los datos indicaron que la clorhexidina tuvo mayor efecto bactericida a las 24 y 72 horas, con halos de inhibición significativamente mayores (p<0,001) que la manzanilla. No obstante, el aceite esencial también evidenció un efecto antibacteriano. En cuanto a la citotoxicidad, la manzanilla mostró menor citotoxicidad que la clorhexidina en todos los tiempos (p<0,05). En conclusión, el aceite esencial de Matricaria chamomilla al 25 % mostró acción bactericida y citotóxica contra Streptococcus mutans, destacando posible opción natural.
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Consumo y gasto de antimicrobianos con consideraciones especiales de uso en el servicio de medicina interna sala "San Pedro" del Hospital Nacional Dos de mayo – 2019
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2021-12-10) Ramón Villanueva, Cinthia Jackeline; Juárez Moreyra, Enrique
Introduction: The inappropriate use of antimicrobials is generating an increase in antimicrobial resistance, which has become a global problem. Objective: To determine the consumption and cost of antimicrobials with special usage considerations in the 'San Pedro' internal medicine ward of the Dos de Mayo National Hospital in 2019. Methodology: This was a descriptive, observational, cross-sectional, and retrospective study. A documentary analysis technique was used for data collection, with information extracted from the pharmacy department's computer system. The ATC/DDD methodology was used to calculate the DDD/100 bed-days to represent antimicrobial consumption, and an arithmetic calculation was performed for the cost. Results: 13 antimicrobials were identified, of which meropenem had the highest demand, representing 35.70% of the annual total, while linezolid had the lowest turnover at 0.03%. The most consumed antimicrobial was meropenem, which had a DDD/100 bed-days of 10.81, followed by vancomycin with 9.27 DDD/100 bed-days. The total annual cost was 110.02 thousand soles. Conclusions: The consumption of 13 antimicrobials was determined, with meropenem being the most consumed and generating the highest total cost of 59.51 thousand soles.
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Cumplimiento de las buenas prácticas de dispensación de antibióticos en boticas en el distrito de Ate. Lima 2022
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2022-11-08) Saenz Espino, Patricia Nhadir; Caldas Herrera, Emma
Pharmaceutical dispensing is the professional pharmaceutical practice of dispensing one or more medications to patients, usually upon presentation of a medical prescription issued by the responsible physician. The current survey was conducted from May to October 2022. Objective: To evaluate the Good Dispensing Practices (GDP) of antibiotics in pharmacies in the district of Ate, Lima, 2022. The method used was a deductive, cross-sectional, and prospective design. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire, with a sample of 384 individuals who presented antibiotic prescriptions at pharmacies in the Ate district. Five dimensions were evaluated: Clarity of information, Information about the medication, Service offering, Dosage instructions, and Cordiality by the dispenser. Results: GDP of antibiotics was observed at 71%, with the dimensions Clarity of information and Cordiality by the dispenser showing the highest compliance at 98% and 85%, respectively. In the case of Information about the medication, compliance was 84%, with 16% non-compliance. For Service offering, the percentages were 74% compliance and 26% non-compliance, and for Dosage instructions, the values were 76% compliance and 24% non-compliance. Conclusion: The non-compliance with good dispensing practices still shows high percentages, which may lead to issues related to irrational use and self-medication, directly affecting the population's health.