Examinando por Materia "Archaeology"

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Acceso abierto
Perspectiva criminalística de arqueólogos y antropólogos sobre métodos, técnicas arqueológicas y antropológicas en la recuperación e identificación de personas en realidades multicéntricas: Perú, México, El Salvador y Guatemala 2001 - 2019
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-08-25) Ortiz de Orue Flores, Gabriela Gandyth; Orellano Benancio, Lizbardo
The following research aimed to describe the knowledge of archaeologists, anthropologists and make a diagnosis of multicentric realities, on the methods, archaeological and anthropological techniques in the recovery, identification and interpretation of people in Peru, Mexico, El Salvador and Guatemala. 2001-2019, likewise, through the comparison made between multicentric realities, the development and progress of both disciplines will be determined. The methodology used consisted of research with a qualitative ethnographic approach, applying the inductive method. The sample consisted of 13 professionals, including forensic archaeologists, forensic anthropologists from multicentric realities such as Peru, Mexico, Guatemala and El Salvador, as well as a criminalist and two justice operators from Peru; the instrument applied was the interview guide. The following conclusion was reached: that the importance of forensic archeology lies in the specificity of its techniques, for the correct recovery of the body and the different elements associated with it, since its knowledge occurs in various spaces, helping to determine the cultural affiliation and determine if the finding corresponds to a criminal act or not, the importance of the forensic anthropologist lies mainly in the identification and individualization of the bodies, individuals registered in legal environments; therefore, the forensic archaeologist and forensic anthropologist perform important work as partners in justice.
Acceso abierto
Predictive power of the carrea method in estimating the real height of students of the subject of forensic stomatology of the universidad San Martín de Porres in the district of San Luis - Lima 2018
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2019-11-16) Quiroz Coronado, Miguel Angel; Fox Cortez, Julio Alonso
The main objective of this research is to determine to what extent the predictive power of height estimation is influenced by the Carrea Method in the real stature of the students of the Subject of Forensic Stomatology of the University of San Martín de Porres in the District of San Luis. Odontometry, branch of Dentistry, is the procedure for obtaining measurements of the mesiodistal diameters of the teeth; that applied to a formula originally made by Dr. Juan Ubaldo Carrea, where the length of the chord radius and the mandibular dental arc are determined from the central incisor, lateral incisor and canine lower unilateral parts and then by mathematical techniques to establish a formula that allows to predict the stature of the individual. In the present work, 64 students of the subject of Forensic Stomatology of the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of San Martín de Porres, Lima-Peru, semester 2018-II, where the records of the dental arches for using dentistry to determine the mesiodistal diameters of the front lower dental pieces that will serve as an input to estimate by the mathematical formulas developed by Dr. Ubaldo Carrea the stature with the lowest level of error possible. A non-experimental, cross-sectional and correlational study of predictive type was performed, where the height and dental dimensions of 64 students of both sexes with ages between 20 and 37 years were analyzed to test the hypothesis of the existence of direct and statistically significant correlation between height real and minimum and maximum height obtained by the Carrea method and the existence of differences in the prediction of height according to sex and age groups. Only 17,2% of the correct height was found, there being a significant difference between the sexes, being the male students those who obtained the highest percentage of success (44,4%). No statistically significant correlation was found between the actual height and the minimum and maximum heights. A multiple regression formula was obtained that involves, as explanatory variables of the stature, the stature calculated by the Carrea method and the radio cord dimension. In this obtained formula, 59,4% of the total variation is explained by the relationship between the dependent variable (real stature) and the independent variables (calculated height and radius chord). In conclusion, it is described that the Carrea method cannot be used to estimate the height of the studied population, since no correlation was found between dental dimensions, method calculations and real height. Due to the low predictive power obtained other more accurate and valid complementary alternatives should be used to estimate height accurately.
Acceso abierto
Sacrificial practices from the criminalistic perspective as cultural behavior in Huaca Pucllana, Lima – 2023
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-10-30) Vargas Nalvarte, Pedro Carlos; Jáuregui Montero, José Antonio
The main objective of this thesis is to analyze pre-Hispanic sacrificial practices from a criminal perspective as a manifestation of cultural behavior during the occupation of the Lima culture (450 - 650 AD) in the Huaca Pucllana - Lima archaeological site. The methodology used is a qualitative approach with an inductive method and an ethnographic and narrative design. For this, the archaeological site of Huaca Pucllana is used as a scenario with a convenience population of 92 individuals. The study of the patterns of human sacrifice practices and funeral customs developed by the elite of the Lima culture of Huaca Pucllana have allowed us to define recurring behaviors associated with mass political and architectural sacrifices, carried out in times of social stress, with extreme violence, highlighting the female role as sacrificial object as well as sacrificial agent. Our main conclusion is that pre-Hispanic sacrificial practices can be studied from a criminalistic perspective and have certain characteristics that allow us to affirm that they are part of a cultural behavior related to political renewal.