Examinando por Materia "Ayuno"

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Acceso abierto
Ayuno y el estado nutricional en pacientes quirúrgicos en el postoperatorio en un hospital de Lima
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2020-11-05) Torres Tantavilca, Luisa Lita; Vargas Soto, Maritza Felicidad; López Ramírez, Sofia Marisol; Jaramillo Vidal, Henrry; García Contreras, Rocío del Pilar; Lozada-Urbano, Michelle
El sobrepeso y obesidad toma atención en estudios epidemiológicos y los resultados después de la cirugía. Se plantea como objetivo general determinar la relación entre el tiempo de ayuno y el estado nutricional en pacientes quirúrgicos. Estudio descriptivo y transversal, se realizó con 244 pacientes con cirugía abdominal y de pared (128 mujeres y 116 varones), con edades entre 15 – 65 años, seleccionados de manera no probabilística por conveniencia. Se revisó la historia clínica para medir el tiempo de ayuno en postoperatorio y al alta y, la evolución metabólica nutricional. Los resultados muestran a un 70,5% de pacientes con un ayuno < 24h, (14,8%; ayuno 24 a 36h); (14,7%; ayuno >36h) pacientes con sobrepeso (40,6%), obesos (15,2%), la estancia hospitalaria fue de 6,28 días como promedio. Se concluye que el ayuno se correlaciona con el IMC durante el posoperatorio y con el IMC durante el alta (p=0,000). Las variables sexo y ocupación también se asociaron al diagnóstico nutricional. Se requiere mayor atención al paciente con sobrepeso y obesidad en el perioperatorio.
Acceso abierto
Effects of prolonged fasting on the preterm newborn
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 1905-07-09) Bartolo Calderón, Julia Lourdes; Ordinola Maza, Milagros; Rivera Lozada de Bonilla, Oriana
Determine the effects of prolonged fasting in the preterm newborn. Material and methods: Observational and retrospective systematic review, the search has been restricted to articles with full text. Results: In the final selection, 10 articles were chosen, we found that 30% (03) correspond to Spain, with 20% (02) we find Colombia, while with 10% (01) we find Turkey, Madrid, United Kingdom United, Mexico and Cuba, respectively. Most experimental studies have been studied, with 30%, mainly in Türkiye, the United Kingdom and Colombia. Among systematic reviews 30% in Spain and Madrid. And Quasi experimental with 10% in Spain. We find Cuba, Colombia and Mexico, with 10%. Belonging to cross-sectional descriptive studies. Conclusions: According to the research reviewed, the effects produced by prolonged fasting in the preterm newborn are gastrointestinal alterations: such as atrophy of the gastric mucosa and villi, reduction of enzymes producing the appearance of Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Among the metabolic ones: we have the appearance of oxidative stress and metabolic disorders
Acceso abierto
Relationship between fasting and the degree of malnutrition in surgical patients at Sergio E. Bernales Hospital
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2019-06-26) García Contreras, Rocío del Pilar; Vargas Soto, Maritza Felicidad; Mauricio Alza, Saby Marisol
Malnutrition is a negative factor independently associated with post-surgical complications, mortality, prolongation of hospital stay and therefore higher healthcare costs. The general objective is to determine the relationship between fasting time and the degree of hospital malnutrition in surgical patients at the Sergio E. Bernales hospital. Additionally, analyze each variable based on demographic factors such as sex, age, educational level, occupation. The descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out on 244 patients with abdominal and wall surgery (128 women and 116 men), aged between 15 - 65 years, selected in a non-probabilistic way for convenience for data collection, screening was carried out. Nutritional, nutritional metabolic evolution and the clinical history was reviewed to measure the fasting time in the postoperative period and at discharge. The results allow us to show that 70.5% of patients had a fasting time of less than 24 hours, the postoperative BMI is different from the BMI at discharge, so the Ho hypothesis was rejected, on the other hand, the hospital stay was 6.28 days on average. It is concluded that fasting correlates with BMI during the postoperative period and with BMI during discharge (p=0.000). The variables sex and occupation were also associated with the nutritional diagnosis.