Examinando por Materia "Diagnosis"

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Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of deceased patients with a COVID-19 diagnosis treated in the adult emergency department of a third-level hospital, March 15 – June 30, 2020
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2024-08-10) Valentín Benito, Erika Elizabeth; Villanueva Orue, James
The study conducted at a third-level hospital between March 15 and June 30, 2020, aimed to identify clinical and epidemiological characteristics in patients diagnosed with COVID-19. Using a retrospective method and quantitative approach, 253 medical records were analyzed. The findings showed a predominance of deaths among men and those over 60 years old. The most common symptoms were dyspnea, cough, and general malaise. Higher mortality was observed in the group aged 60 and above, with 83.3% in April, although it slightly decreased in May and June. Comorbidities varied by age, with hypertension and diabetes mellitus being the most common in those over 60, while in the 30-59 age range, the absence of comorbidities was more reported. The results highlight the vulnerability of the elderly population and the importance of specialized care for this group, as well as the need to identify predominant symptoms by gender to improve the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19.
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Clinical manifestations due to coronavirus and quality of life in oncological patients at the Jesús Nazareno Ayacucho support hospital, period 2020
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2021-09-12) Chahuailacc Taipe, Luisa; Gonzales Saldaña, Susan Haydee
Cancer is the uncontrolled growth and spread of cells that can appear anywhere in the body, often invading surrounding tissue and causing metastasis. It can be prevented by controlling risk factors. Treatment consists of chemotherapy, radiotherapy or surgery, if its detection occurs in the initial stages. Covid-19 is a recently discovered infectious disease caused by the coronavirus that affects a large part of the population and is a public health problem that causes serious damage to individuals, families and society; His condition causes a deterioration in the quality of life of the cancer patient, causing high costs in treatment and controls. Aim. Determine how the clinical manifestation of coronavirus is associated with quality of life in cancer patients. Methodology. The present study has a quantitative approach, Hypothetical - deductive method, correlational level, applied type and non-experimental cross-sectional design. On a sample of 56 oncology patients with Covid-19, intentionally selected from a population of 120 oncology patients. Instruments: the FUMAT Questionnaire and Scale, the first of which has been validated by expert judgment. Reliability was determined using Cronbach's Alpha, the contrast statistics will be the Chi square test.
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Critical review: nutritional screening tools for early detection of nutritional risk in hospitalized adults.
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2021-05-31) Cabrera Fernández, Rosa María; Hidalgo Chávez, Mariana Elvira
Early nutritional screening; It is of utmost importance, since it will select patients with nutritional risk. The present secondary research titled as a critical review: “Nutritional Screening Tools for the Early Detection of Nutritional Risk in Hospitalized Adults” aimed to determine the appropriate nutritional screening tool for the early detection of nutritional risk in hospitalized adult patients. The clinical question was: What nutritional screening tool will be appropriate to use in the early detection of nutritional risk in hospitalized adults? The Evidence-Based Nutrition (NuBE) methodology was used. The information search was carried out in PUBMED, SCIELO, LILACS, SCIENCE DIINET, finding 46 articles, being selected 31 that have been evaluated by the CASPE critical reading tool, finally selecting the systematic review, titled as: “Review of different tools of Nutritional screening for hospitalized patients. Which has a level of evidence I and Grade of Recommendation I, according to the researcher's experience. The critical comment allowed us to conclude that there are different screening tools that will be used depending on their hospital context; In the case of most health institutions in Peru, the most used tool is the VGS.
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Critical review: vitamin A, D and E deficiency in patients diagnosed with pulmonary tuberculosis
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2022-11-08) Ninaja Castro, Noriko Esther; Bohórquez Medina, Andrea Lisbet
The secondary research titled "Vitamin A, D, and E Deficiency in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis" aimed to provide a critical review based on scientific literature regarding the deficiency of vitamins A, D, and E in patients with sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis. The clinical question was: Is there a deficiency of vitamins A, D, and E in patients with sensitive pulmonary tuberculosis? The Evidence-Based Nutrition (EBN) methodology was used, with information sourced from PUBMED, MEDLINE, SCIELO, and SCIENCE DIRECT. A total of 27 articles were found, 11 of which were selected and evaluated using the CASPe critical reading tool. The systematic review titled "Potential Role of Vitamins A, B, C, D, and E in TB Treatment and Prevention: A Narrative Review," with evidence level AII and a strong recommendation grade, was selected. The critical review concluded that the use of vitamins improves the quality of life and nutritional status of tuberculosis patients, directly or indirectly, against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
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Determination of the appropriate concentration for oral hygiene with Chlorhexidine in the prevention of pneumonia in intubated patients in the intensive care unit
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 1905-07-09) Chavalía Cóello, Diana Elizabeth; Menacho Vergara, Lissette Carolina; Gómez Gonzales, Walter Edgar
Objective: Determine the best concentration of chlorhexidine used to perform oral hygiene to prevent pneumonia in intubated patients. Materials and Methods: Systematic reviews are an observational and meta-analysis research design, which synthesizes the results of multiple primary investigations. They are an essential part of evidence-based nursing due to their rigorous methodology, which is why a systematic review was carried out with articles in English and Spanish indexed in Cochrane, Embase, Lilacs, Pubmed, Medline, identifying relevant studies to answer specific questions of clinical practice. Results: The SCHEFFE statistical test indicated that of oral hygiene, chlorhexidine showed a statistically significant difference over other forms of hygiene in the reduction of the number of bacterial colonies (p<0.001). The only effect on reducing VAP was found when 0.12% chlorhexidine was used, used in cardiovascular surgery, where Chlorhexidine is used from preoperatively. Conclusions: Oral care, cleaning and antisepsis is a useful strategy for the prevention of pneumonia associated with intubated patients; It was also determined that 0.12% chlorhexidine was effective in reducing colonization of the oropharynx and the incidence of pneumonia associated with intubated patients.
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Determination of the safe disinfectant Orthophthaldehyde versus Glutaraldehyde used by nurses in the High Level Disinfection Process
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 1905-07-09) Idrogo Maita, Zaida Karina; Ruiz Campos, Deysi; Gómez Gonzales, Walter Edgar
Objectives: Determine the safe disinfectant Orthophthaldehyde vs glutaraldehyde to be used by nurses in the high-level disinfection process. Materials and Methods: Observational and retrospective systematic review, the search has been restricted to 8 articles with full text, and the selected articles were subjected to critical reading. Published and indexed in scientific databases, dating back to the year 2000 and responding to articles published in Spanish, English and Portuguese. In the final selection, 4 articles were chosen, we found that 25% (01) corresponds to England, with 25% (01) to Spain, with 25% (01) to Brazil and while another 25% (01) we find Japan; Two systematic reviews and two cross-sectional studies were included. Results: 80% of the articles reviewed show that glutaraldehyde, compared to orthophthaldehyde, is the one that produces the most cytotoxicity at work, but that orthophthalaldehyde is still toxic. Orthophthaldehyde vs glutaraldehyde, in both cases its greatest adverse reaction when used is in the respiratory tract Conclusion: of the liquid chemical substances used as high-level disinfectants Orthophthaldehyde vs Glutaraldehyde It was evident that Glutaraldehyde is a volatile product that emanates cytotoxic substances causing effects adverse effects on the person who handles it, while Orthophthaldehyde, being exposed through inhalation, turns out to be a sensitizing this. The direct handling of high-level disinfectant substances focuses exposure on the inhalation route, requiring the use of personal protective equipment.
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Effectiveness of educational nursing interventions for the prevention and control of bullying
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2019-08-25) Rodríguez Romero, Rosa Haydeé; Santa Cruz Suárez, Esther Verónica; Glenni Garay, Zarely Zabeli
Objective: Systematize the evidence about the effectiveness of nursing educational interventions for the prevention and control of bullying. Material and methods: Systematic review that synthesizes the results of multiple investigations, identifying the most relevant to answer specific questions of daily practice. The search was restricted to articles with full text subjected to critical reading, using the GRADE system to assign the strength of recommendation. Results: In the final selection, 10 articles were chosen, finding according to the results obtained from the systematic review carried out in the present study, shown in the 10 articles systematically reviewed, 70% (n=7/10) are quasi-experimental and the 30% (n=3/10) are systematic reviews. These studies come from the countries of Brazil (40%), Portugal (20%), Spain (10%), Norway, Scotland and the USA (10%), Colombia (10%), Costa Rica (10%). Conclusions: nursing educational interventions have generated positive effects in prevention, showing that the participation of the nurse is essential, also for the detection and monitoring of cases of bullying.
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Effectiveness of electronic fetal monitoring in the diagnosis of funicular dystocia in pregnant women at term in the Hospital level III-2 of Lima.
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-08-23) Castillo Cerda, Élida Isolina; Jinchuña Quispe, Gricelda Lidia; Ayala Peralta, Félix Dasio
Clinical case of a full-term pregnant woman with a reactive positive stress test showing signs suggestive of umbilical cord compression managed at a level III healthcare facility in Lima. Observational, descriptive, retrospective study based on a systematic review of the perinatal clinical history of a 31-year-old pregnant woman presenting with reduced fetal movements, diagnosed with a multigravida pregnancy at 41 weeks and 5 days based on her last menstrual period, and suspected placental insufficiency. Doppler ultrasound revealed a single nuchal cord around the fetal neck. The cardiotocographic tracing showed a baseline fetal heart rate of 138 bpm, decreased variability of 5–9, 1 to 4 accelerations, variable decelerations below 40%, and 5 or more fetal movements. Fisher score was 7/10 with signs suggestive of umbilical cord compression. The pregnancy was delivered via cesarean section, resulting in a live male newborn with an Apgar score of 8 at 1 minute and 9 at 5 minutes, weighing 3,598 g, with a single nuchal cord and gestational age of 40 weeks by Capurro. Conclusion: Fetal electronic monitoring is a useful procedure for detecting umbilical cord dystocia in full-term pregnant women.
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Effectiveness of oscillatory mobilization techniques in pain and disability of patients with chronic neck pain from the physical medicine service of the María Auxiliadora Hospital, 2022
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2022-11-18) Quicaño Jara, Claudia Angélica; Arrieta Córdova, Andy Freud
Cervicalgia is a condition that is part of the 150 musculoskeletal disorders affecting the locomotor system, with 222 million out of 1.71 billion people worldwide suffering from it, directly impacting daily activities, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Globally, cervicalgia is one of the leading causes of disability and is related to reduced joint range, pain intensity, and is predictive of fear of movement. In Peru, a study was conducted that determined the influence of oscillatory mobilizations in reducing cervical pain at the end of treatment sessions, showing a 60.1% reduction in mothers who were in the breastfeeding period in Tacna during 2018.
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Effectiveness of outpatient eye screening tests for the early detection of myopia in children under 8 years old
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2019-11-03) Llata Quispe, Luis Alejandro; Quiroz Morote, Cynthia Miluzka; Bonilla Asalde, César Antonio
Objective: To systematize the evidence on the effectiveness of outpatient ocular screening tests for the early detection of myopia in children under 8 years old. Methodology: Observational and retrospective systematic review. The search was restricted to full-text articles. The selected studies were critically reviewed, and the quality of evidence and strength of recommendations were evaluated using the GRADE system. Results: 10 articles were chosen, with 30% from China, 20% from India, 10% from Spain, 20% from the USA, 10% from England, and 10% from Peru. Regarding the study designs, 6 were systematic reviews, 3 were cross-sectional analytic studies, and 1 was a case-control study. The evidence on the effectiveness of outpatient ocular screening tests for early detection of myopia is very high. Conclusion: There is high effectiveness of outpatient ocular screening tests for the early detection of myopia in children under 8 years old.
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Effectiveness of radiofrequency use in detecting retained surgical sponges
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2019-12-01) Calle Ponte, Tirsa Claudia; Acurio Baca, Jackelyne; Calsin Pacompia, Wilmer
Objective: Analyze and systematize the evidence on the effectiveness of the use of radiofrequency in the detection of retained surgical sponges. Materials and Methods: The type of research was quantitative, the study design used was a systematic review, the population was 12 articles and the sample was 10 scientific articles published and indexed in scientific databases, the search instrument was used in database, these being: Cochrane Library, Scielo, PubMed and EBSCO, for the evaluation of the articles the GRADE System was used which evaluated the quality of evidence and the strength of recommendation. Results: the results obtained showed a sensitivity and specificity of 100% in the detection of sponges through the use of RF, unlike erroneous manual counting, even being applied to patients with morbid obesity and emergency surgeries. Conclusions: It was concluded that 100% of the studies show that the use of radiofrequency was effective in the detection of retained surgical sponges, since it has been shown to have high specificity and sensitivity for the detection of surgical sponges, in addition to demonstrating that it is a safe and effective system with acceptable parameters and cost-effective quality.
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Effectiveness of the pre-employment assessment to prevent occupational diseases in workers
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2019-11-24) Mera Curinambe, Telma Sarita; Rivera Lozada de Bonilla, Oriana
Objective: Systematize the evidence on the effectiveness of pre-employment evaluations in preventing occupational diseases in workers. Materials and Methods: A systematic review of international research was conducted, obtained through databases: Epistemonikos, NCBI, PubMed, Elsevier, Google Scholar, and Scielo, which were analyzed using the GRADE system to assess the level of evidence. The search was carried out using DECS and MESH descriptors for searches in Spanish and English, respectively. 40% of the reviewed articles are from the USA, 30% from Australia, and the remaining 30% from England, Nigeria, and the Netherlands, respectively. Results: 100% of the evidence indicates that pre-employment evaluations are effective in preventing occupational diseases in workers. Conclusions: 10 out of 10 pieces of evidence demonstrate the effectiveness of pre-employment evaluations in preventing occupational diseases in workers.
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Effectiveness of transcutaneous bilirubinometry in detecting jaundice in newborns
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2019-08-25) Inga Romero, Kathia Milagros; Matta Solis, Eduardo Percy
Objective: Systematize the findings of the effectiveness of transcutaneous bilirubinometry in the detection of jaundice in newborns. Materials and Methods: the design used was a systematic review, which uses original research studies. The population was made up of 20 articles, which through inclusion criteria allowed 10 articles to be selected from indexed scientific bases. Results: of the 10 articles, 7/10 (70%) belong to the Asian continent, 2/10 belong to the American continent (20%) and 1/10 belongs to the African continent, they were systematic reviews, Meta-analysis, Quasi-experimental, Trials Random 8/10 are equivalent to (80%), which are of high quality and strong recommendation; 2/10 are equivalent to (20%) which are Case Studies and weak recommendations. In the final selection, 10 articles were chosen, we found that 70% (n=7) correspond to the Asian continent, China, Japan, India, Arabia and with 30% (n=3) we find Nigeria, the United States, Canada, Most of them have been studied in Systematic and Quasi-experimental Reviews and Meta-Analyses. 8/10 (80%) showed favorable evidence, 2/10 (20%) did not find it. Conclusions: It was evident in the reviewed research that there is effectiveness of transcutaneous bilirubinometry in the detection of jaundice in newborns.
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The effectiveness of using the pulse oximeter for the early detection of respiratory failure in patients in the intensive care unit
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2021-09-05) Quiroz Poma, Karina Eugenia; Suarez Valderrama, Yurik Anatoli
The critical areas unit has been created with the purpose of providing comprehensive care to high-risk patients, improving the functioning of organic systems when they are affected. For this reason, various non-invasive devices have been created that seek to ensure that doctors and nurses specialized in intensive care have the maximum amount of information to achieve thorough monitoring of patients, whether discontinuous or continuous, helping to avoid exacerbation processes. or death. Therefore, patients in this unit require constant monitoring of non-invasive devices such as the pulse oximeter that allows us to assess the measurement of oxygen saturation in the blood. This device facilitates continuous monitoring and early detection of a possible complication in our patient, therefore, it allows us to reveal the effectiveness of the pulse oximeter in this area.
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Efficacy of Bedside Water Swallow Test in Detecting Aspiration in Stroke Patients
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2020-02-08) Carbajal Huamán, Shirley Celine; Aldana Puse, Lorena Milagros; Gamarra Bustillos, Carlos
Objective: Systematize evidence on the effectiveness of the bedside water swallow test to detect aspiration in patients with stroke. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The study has a systematic, observational and retrospective review design; of articles with full text, which identified their grade or quality of evidence according to the Grade System. Likewise, the sample was made up of 10 articles obtained from the following databases Pubmed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, Dialnet, Scielo, and Lilacs. Results: Of which 50% correspond to systematic review design and 50% randomized clinical studies, corresponding to the countries of China 20%, United States 10%, Taiwan 10%, Singapore 10%, Canada 10%, Iran 10% , Greece 10%, Egypt 10% and Spain 10%. Of the 10 articles reviewed, 100% demonstrate that the bedside water swallow test is effective in detecting aspiration in stroke patients. Conclusions: 100% showed that the bedside water swallowing test is effective in detecting aspiration in patients with stroke, due to its diagnostic accuracy it achieves high sensitivity (positive diagnostic test) and specificity (negative diagnostic test). ; It is a clinical detection that is carried out due to the presence of swallowing difficulties or dysphagia; Because they are treated promptly and effectively, they raise the professional image of nursing due to their ability in aspiration management; Likewise, it contributes greatly by being highly accurate and reliable.
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Efficacy of early detection of retinopathy to prevent blindness in preterm newborns
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2019-12-07) Vargas Curi, Jennifer Anthonella; Cordova Huaman, Cynthia; Bonilla Asalde, César Antonio
Objective: Systematize evidence on the effectiveness of early detection of grade I and II retinopathy to prevent blindness in preterm newborns. Material and Methods: The systematic review of 10 scientific articles found on the effectiveness of early detection of retinopathy to prevent blindness in preterm newborns were cited in the following database Pubmed, Scielo, and Cochrane, all of them were analyzed according to the Grade scale to determine its strength and quality of evidence. Results: the 10 articles reviewed, 90% of the studies related to interventions for the prevention of retinopathy of prematurity, are effective, since early detection and timely treatment were observed in the different studies, avoiding subsequent complications such as blindness. . Conclusions: according to the reviews carried out in nine of the studies, timely detection such as follow-up will prevent major complications such as blindness in premature infants.
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Efficacy of the subjective global assessment test for the detection of nutritional risk
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 1905-07-09) Pareja Alejandro, Ursula Benita; Villena León, Patricia; Mendigure Fernández, Julio
Objective: Determine the importance of the application of the subjective global assessment test by the nursing professional in the detection of the nutritional risk of the cancer patient. Methodology: This is a Systematic Review of 12 articles in the LILACS, SCIELO, MEDLINE, PUBMED database, whose search has been restricted to articles with full text, and the selected articles were subjected to critical reading, using Jover's evaluation. to identify its level of evidence. Results: Of the total of 12 international articles, since no systematically reviewed national article was found, 100% (n=12/12) highlight the effectiveness of the Subjective Global Assessment (VGS) test as a valid tool for the nutritional diagnosis of patients. . When comparing it with other related tests, a significant difference was found between them. Conclusion: The subjective global assessment test (ESG) is effective when applied to patients with the purpose of timely detecting nutritional risks.
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Evaluation of the analytical performance of the breath test in the detection of gastrointestinal infections due to helicobacter pylori in patients of a private clinic during the year 2022
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2024-06-09) Arnero Yaya, Leslie Karol; Huamán Cárdenas, Victor Raul
A carefully designed research instrument will be developed, which will not only facilitate the precise collection of data but will also serve as a valuable tool for future investigations in this field. The goal is to compare and analyze the results obtained to identify sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value, in addition to integrating the breath test as the first-choice method for detecting Helicobacter pylori gastrointestinal infections in patients from a private clinic. The method used will be the hypothetical-deductive approach, which involves formulating hypotheses to predict observable future results, with the objective of validating them. The research will be quantitative, focusing on obtaining measurable results. The study will follow a non-experimental, descriptive, and cross-sectional design, and the sample will be census-based, including 100% of the population, composed of 100 patients attending the gastroenterology service who were referred to the Clinical Laboratory of a private clinic in 2022 and met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.
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Factors associated with neonatal jaundice in a full-term newborn in the Maison de Sante clinic from January-September Lima - Peru 2019
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2020-10-11) Espinoza Llachua, Dolores; Bonilla Asalde, César Antonio
Introduction: Neonatal jaundice is defined as yellow pigmentation of the skin and mucous membranes, and is considered one of the most common pathologies in newborns. It occurs as a result of increased serum bilirubin concentrations and is associated with a series of predisposing factors present in the mother-child binomial. Aim. Identify the factors associated with neonatal jaundice at term in the Maison de Sante clinic within the period of January - September 2019. Materials and Methods. Quantitative approach. The study is of an applied type, Scope or level of explanatory application, non-experimental or observational, retrospective research design. Data from 120 medical records of full-term neonates with this diagnosis will be used. Subsequently, the data will be processed in the SPSS version 24 program through the use of statistics. The association will be made using the chi-square for qualitative variables.
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Frequency of Consumption of Processed Foods in Older Adults with Diagnosis of Type II Diabetes Mellitus Who Are Treated at the Dos de Mayo National Hospital, Lima 2023.
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-08-10) Arribasplata Jaime, Justin Antuaneth; Luján Torrealva, Franco Silvio
Objective: Determine the frequency of consumption of processed foods in older adults with a diagnosis of type II diabetes mellitus who are treated at the Dos de Mayo National Hospital, Lima 2023. Methodology: The study was descriptive, with a quantitative, cross-sectional, and deductive approach, since a survey was applied that allowed us to know the frequency of consumption. The instrument used was a questionnaire which is composed of 24 items with multiple response options with a Likert scale to know the frequency of food consumption.Results: In older adults with type II diabetes mellitus, approximately one in three consume sugar daily, and most do so between 2 to 4 times per week. Packaged cookies and yogurt are the most consumed sugary foods weekly. Regarding salty foods, white bread and whole wheat bread are the most consumed, between 2 to 4 times a week. Some processed foods, such as canned fish, packaged cheese, ham, and hot dogs, are consumed at least once a week. Sauces and canned foods are consumed less frequently. These findings highlight the importance of providing nutrition education to improve eating habits and diabetes management in this population. Conclusion: Most older adults with type II diabetes mellitus consume sugar and sugary foods frequently. Bread, both white and whole wheat, is one of the most consumed salty foods. Regular consumption of certain processed foods was identified.