Examinando por Materia "Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales"

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Acceso abierto
Conocimiento de riesgo toxicológico para evitar enfermedades respiratorias por exposición al formaldehido en limpiadores domésticos: una revisión sistemática
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2021-10-07) Obregón Obregón, Miriam Esmeralda; Tirado Enriquez de Mejia, Fiorella Madeley; Ramos Jaco, Antonio Guillermo
All people may be exposed to formaldehyde through products that contain this compound. In general, higher concentrations of formaldehyde are found in indoor air than in outdoor air, since many household products release formaldehyde into the environment. You can inhale formaldehyde when using products such as cleaning agents, disinfectants, cosmetics, hair straightening products, among others. Exposure to formaldehyde may cause a toxicological risk. The symptoms appear immediately and abruptly, irritating the respiratory tract and potentially causing death, while chronic damage occurs through prolonged exposure over years. The objective of this research is to identify whether knowledge of toxicological risk makes it possible to prevent respiratory diseases caused by exposure to formaldehyde in household cleaners. The methodology used was analytical, deductive and inductive, with a quantitative approach. It was an applied, descriptive, bivariate study, with a non-experimental, cross-sectional design. Our population consisted of the bibliographic review of 30 scientific articles published and indexed in scientific databases. It was concluded, based on the review of 30 bibliographic articles, that formaldehyde presents a high toxicological risk to health. It was classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) in Group 1 (carcinogenic to humans), causing harm to respiratory health as well as other health conditions. This was supported by the Student’s t-test, in which the bilateral significance value was 0.000, being lower than 0.05, thereby confirming the general hypothesis.
Acceso abierto
Determinacion de arsenico en arroz envasado a granel expendido en los mercados de Lima Metropolitana, mes de noviembre año 2020
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2021-09-12) Tejeda Guillermo, Manuel Ángel; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
The objective of this research was to determine the average concentration of arsenic in bulk-packaged rice sold in the markets of Metropolitan Lima in November 2020. Method: A total of 33 polished rice samples, both national and imported, were evaluated. The samples were obtained from the South, East, and North Zones of Metropolitan Lima and were analyzed using the Atomic Absorption with Hydride Generator Method. Data were recorded with a validated instrument, and standard values (200 µg of arsenic/kg of rice) from the Codex Alimentarius and European Union Regulation 2015/1006 were used for comparison. Results: From the total of 33 samples, an average value of 155.5 μg of arsenic/kg was obtained. The average value for the 30 national samples was 154.7 μg/kg, and the average for the 3 imported samples was 163.3 μg/kg. Conclusions: The average values were below the international standards. The average inorganic arsenic values in national rice were within the permitted limits (155.5 μg of arsenic/kg), but 50% of the samples analyzed from the North Zone of Metropolitan Lima had values above the established standard, which suggests a need for further investigation.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de bisfenol-A en tomatodos de plástico comercializados en la ciudad de Lima, año 2017
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-07-10) Acosta Baldera, Carlos Enrique; Huamán Bautista, Rosmery Lisbet; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a plasticizer that interacts with the hormonal systems of the human body. In fact, its ability to behave like estrogens (female sex hormones) has been known since the 1930s, and its effects on fertility, reproduction, and the endocrine system have been the subject of significant scientific debate in recent years. BPA is found in water bottles, baby bottles, food containers, cans with coatings, and other plastic packaging, which has raised concern, since we currently live surrounded by plastic objects that contain this toxic agent, which generally causes harm to human health. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to determine the concentration of Bisphenol A in water contained in reusable water bottles (“tomatodos”) sold in the city of Lima, subjected to the temperatures and contact times to which they are exposed on a daily basis. A total of 24 samples were taken (12 blue bottles and 12 transparent bottles). The determination was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), finding that all analyzed samples presented non-detectable concentrations of BPA, below the maximum levels established by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).
Acceso abierto
Determinación de plomo y dureza cálcica en agua de consumo humano de Caja de Agua – San Juan de Lurigancho. Febrero–Marzo 2017
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-04-23) Carmona Castillo, Karina Janet; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
The study aimed to determine the lead and calcium hardness in 21 samples of human drinking water in the Caja de Agua area of the San Juan de Lurigancho district from February to March 2017. The analysis was performed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry with a graphite furnace. It was found that the average lead concentration in the water was 0.0046 mg Pb/L, with values ranging from 0.001 to 0.019 mg Pb/L. 19.0% of the analyzed samples exceeded the maximum permissible limit of 0.010 mg Pb/L for lead in drinking water, as established by the WHO and the Peruvian Ministry of Health's Regulation on Drinking Water Quality (DS N° 031-2010-SA). The average calcium hardness was 370.86 mg CaCO₃/L, with values ranging from 104.25 to 1173.25 mg CaCO₃/L. 28.57% of the samples exceeded the maximum permissible limit of 500 mg CaCO₃/L, also established by the WHO and the aforementioned Peruvian regulation.
Acceso abierto
Evaluación de riesgo toxicológico en personas expuestas, que consumen Beta vulgaris “Betarraga” cruda y cocida con posibles concentraciones de plomo y cadmio comercializada en el mercado de Chancay – Huaral, Lima 2019
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2021-02-06) Tarazona Guerrero, Janelle del Carmen; Condori Caceres, Soledad; Llahuilla Quea, José Antonio
The agricultural soils of the Chancay–Huaral river basin are located in areas close to industrial centers, and these industries are characterized by emitting high concentrations of metals such as lead and cadmium. Toxicity studies on plant organisms cultivated in these soils are scarce, and it is unknown whether they may produce toxic effects. The vegetables cultivated in these soils may be exposed to deposits of toxic substances from nearby sources such as air, soil, or irrigation with contaminated water, thus constituting another point of contact for exposure in the population of the Chancay area. Accordingly, the objective of this study was to evaluate the toxicological risk in individuals who consume raw and cooked Beta vulgaris “beetroot” with possible concentrations of lead and cadmium commercialized in the Chancay market. For this purpose, beetroot samples sold in the Chancay market were collected, and the concentrations of lead and cadmium were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The beetroot samples presented average concentrations of lead of 4.45 µg/kg in cooked samples, while in raw samples the average was 10.32 µg/kg. With respect to cadmium, the average concentration was 2.67 µg/kg in cooked beetroot and 2.62 µg/kg in raw beetroot, all below the permissible limits. As a result of the toxicological risk assessment in individuals exposed to raw or cooked Beta vulgaris “beetroot,” a hazard index with values below 1 (HI < 1) was obtained. In conclusion, there is a low toxicological risk to health in the population of Chancay who consume raw and cooked beetroot with the presence of cadmium and lead at concentrations that do not exceed the permissible limits established by the Codex Alimentarius.
Acceso abierto
Evaluación y consecuencias de los plaguicidas en la salud de los pobladores de Mala – Perú, 2021
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2022-07-08) Tarazona Tineo, Jackeline Fabiola; Ramos Jaco, Antonio Guillermo
The objective of the research was to evaluate the health consequences of pesticides in the population of Mala, Peru, in 2021. Methodology: This was a non-experimental, descriptive, and cross-sectional study. A total of 315 residents of Mala between the ages of 18 and 50 were evaluated using a survey and a questionnaire. Results: The symptoms of pesticide exposure found were: Malathion (26.7% headache, 7.6% nausea, 2.9% cramps, 2.5% salivation), Chlorpyrifos (8.6% headache, 2.9% cramps, 2.9% nausea, 1.6% vomiting), and Dicrotophos (8.6% headache, 2.2% nausea). The most used pesticide was Malathion across all age groups: 11.7% for ages 18–25, 14.9% for ages 26–35, and 16.8% for ages 36–50. Furthermore, the exposure time was one hour for 10.2% of those aged 18–25, 12.4% for 26–35, and 17.8% for 36–50. By gender, the exposure rate was 4.8% for females and 35.6% for males. Conclusions: It was determined that the health consequences of pesticides are significant, correlating with exposure time and demographic data.
Acceso abierto
Exposición a radiaciones ionizantes y su efecto en la salud de los trabajadores del sector salud
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2017-12-03) Cortabrazo Asencio, Roxana Jacqueline; La Madrid Sanchez, Kattia Angelica; Borda Izquierdo, Alejandro
Objetivo: Sistematizar las evidencias disponibles sobre el efecto de la exposición a radiaciones ionizantes en la salud de los trabajadores del sector salud. Materiales y métodos: El presente trabajo es de revisiones sistemáticas, diseño observacional y retrospectivo, que sintetizan los resultados de múltiples investigaciones. Son parte esencial de la Enfermería Basada en la Evidencia (EBE), por su rigurosa metodología, identificando estudios relevantes para responder preguntas específicas de la práctica clínica, la búsqueda se ha restringido a artículos con texto completo, y los artículos seleccionados se sometieron a una lectura crítica, utilizando el sistema grade para asignar la fuerza de recomendación. Resultados: Se revisaron 10 artículos científicos, del total 20% (02) fueron de Colombia, 20% (02) España, 20% (02) Cuba, 10% (01) Argentina, 10% (01) Brasil, 10% (01) Estados Unidos, y 10% (01) Perú; en el cual nueve estudios fueron de revisión sistemática en un 90% (09), y solo un estudio fue de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal, correlacional y retrospectivo en un 10% (01). Asimismo, según los resultados obtenidos del presente estudio evidenció que el 100% (10) muestran que las exposiciones a radiaciones ionizantes tienen un efecto negativo en la salud de los trabajadores del sector salud; ocasionados daños perjudiciales como es el cáncer de tiroides e hipertiroidismo, metaplasia intestinal de estómago, aberraciones cromosómicas, apoptosis, inducción de mutaciones, inestabilidad genómica, infertilidad masculina, y leucemia. Conclusiones: Las exposiciones a radiaciones ionizantes tienen un efecto negativo en la salud de los trabajadores del sector salud; su uso inadecuado e irracional puede traer severas consecuencias para la salud por los efectos genotóxicos y cancerígenos que aumentan frecuentemente debido a su exposición prolongada por días, meses y años; por ende, siempre se deben de tener en cuenta las medidas de seguridad para prevenir sus efectos.
Acceso abierto
Exposición a radiaciones ionizantes y su efecto en la salud de los trabajadores del sector salud
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2017-12-03) Cortabrazo Asencio, Roxana Jacqueline; La Madrid Sanchez, Kattia Angelica; Borda Izquierdo, Alejandro
Objetivo: Sistematizar las evidencias disponibles sobre el efecto de la exposición a radiaciones ionizantes en la salud de los trabajadores del sector salud. Materiales y métodos: El presente trabajo es de revisiones sistemáticas, diseño observacional y retrospectivo, que sintetizan los resultados de múltiples investigaciones. Son parte esencial de la Enfermería Basada en la Evidencia (EBE), por su rigurosa metodología, identificando estudios relevantes para responder preguntas específicas de la práctica clínica, la búsqueda se ha restringido a artículos con texto completo, y los artículos seleccionados se sometieron a una lectura crítica, utilizando el sistema grade para asignar la fuerza de recomendación. Resultados: Se revisaron 10 artículos científicos, del total 20% (02) fueron de Colombia, 20% (02) España, 20% (02) Cuba, 10% (01) Argentina, 10% (01) Brasil, 10% (01) Estados Unidos, y 10% (01) Perú; en el cual nueve estudios fueron de revisión sistemática en un 90% (09), y solo un estudio fue de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo, transversal, correlacional y retrospectivo en un 10% (01). Asimismo, según los resultados obtenidos del presente estudio evidenció que el 100% (10) muestran que las exposiciones a radiaciones ionizantes tienen un efecto negativo en la salud de los trabajadores del sector salud; ocasionados daños perjudiciales como es el cáncer de tiroides e hipertiroidismo, metaplasia intestinal de estómago, aberraciones cromosómicas, apoptosis, inducción de mutaciones, inestabilidad genómica, infertilidad masculina, y leucemia. Conclusiones: Las exposiciones a radiaciones ionizantes tienen un efecto negativo en la salud de los trabajadores del sector salud; su uso inadecuado e irracional puede traer severas consecuencias para la salud por los efectos genotóxicos y cancerígenos que aumentan frecuentemente debido a su exposición prolongada por días, meses y años; por ende, siempre se deben de tener en cuenta las medidas de seguridad para prevenir sus efectos.
Acceso abierto
Factores de riesgo toxicológico por exposición al uso de hipoclorito de sodio durante la pandemia en pobladores – distrito Santa Anita julio 2021
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2021-08-11) Durand Andrade, Rosa María; Ramos Jaco, Antonio Guillermo
Sodium hypochlorite is the substance with the greatest utility during this pandemic period for surface disinfection; however, it is also the product that can cause the highest toxicological risk due to its use, such as skin, eye, and throat irritation, headaches, nausea, and even respiratory difficulty caused by its toxic chlorine gases. In this research, the main objective was to evaluate the toxicological risk factors from exposure to the use of sodium hypochlorite during the pandemic. The methodology used was descriptive, with a quantitative deductive approach, applied research type, non-experimental cross-sectional design, carried out with the population of the district of Santa Anita, through the instrument of a survey. As a result, 67.71% of the population uses sodium hypochlorite for the disinfection of various areas; likewise, the majority are unaware of the concentration they use. 69.71% reported using protection when handling sodium hypochlorite, of which 41.71% used gloves and masks. Additionally, 38.57% reported tissue and eye irritation, and 47.71% indicated that these afflictions were mild. In conclusion, the use of sodium hypochlorite, associated with the lack of knowledge regarding its concentration, dilution, and insufficient protection, can cause harm.
Acceso abierto
Identificación del riesgo toxicológico de plomo en agua consumida por los pobladores del centro poblado rural "Guayabo", distrito de Pachacamac. Octubre –noviembre, 2019
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2021-05-21) Pérez Maraví, Ana Isabel; Llahuilla Quea, José Antonio
The objective of this research thesis was to identify the toxicological risk of lead in water consumed by the residents of the 'Guayabo' rural town center in the Pachacámac district. The Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry method was used for water analysis, and the Health Risk Assessment methodology was developed. The average lead concentration was 0.095 mg/L±0.014 mg/L, with a minimum value of 0.070 mg/L and a maximum value of 0.113 mg/L. These values exceed the Permissible Limit Values (PLVs) of the WHO and the Water Quality Regulation. Following the concentration measurements, the Health Risk Assessment was applied, calculating the exposure dose, which was 0.002714 mg/kg/L for adults and 0.0095 mg/kg/L for children aged 4 to 8 years. The exposure factor was 1. The hazard quotient (HQ) determined was 0.452 for adults and 1.583 for children. Conclusion: No toxicological risk exists for adults; however, a toxicological risk does exist for children, as the HQ quotient is greater than 1.