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Exposure to ionizing radiation and its effect on the health of healthcare workers
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2017-12-03) Cortabrazo Asencio, Roxana Jacqueline; La Madrid Sanchez, Kattia Angelica; Borda Izquierdo, Alejandro
Objective: To systematize the available evidence on the effect of exposure to ionizing radiation on the health of healthcare workers. Materials and Methods: This work involves systematic reviews, with an observational and retrospective design, synthesizing the results of multiple studies. These are essential to Evidence-Based Nursing (EBN) due to their rigorous methodology, identifying relevant studies to address specific clinical practice questions. The search was restricted to full-text articles, which were critically assessed using the GRADE system to assign the strength of recommendations. Results: Ten scientific articles were reviewed; 20% (2) were from Colombia, 20% (2) from Spain, 20% (2) from Cuba, 10% (1) from Argentina, 10% (1) from Brazil, 10% (1) from the United States, and 10% (1) from Peru. Nine studies were systematic reviews (90%) and one study was quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional, correlational, and retrospective (10%). According to the results, 100% (10) of the studies showed that exposure to ionizing radiation has a negative effect on the health of healthcare workers, causing harmful damage such as thyroid cancer, hyperthyroidism, gastric intestinal metaplasia, chromosomal aberrations, apoptosis, mutations, genomic instability, male infertility, and leukemia. Conclusions: Ionizing radiation exposure has a negative effect on healthcare workers' health; inappropriate and irrational use can lead to severe health consequences due to genotoxic and carcinogenic effects that increase frequently with prolonged exposure over days, months, and years. Therefore, safety measures must always be in place to prevent these effects.