Examinando por Materia "Incidencia"

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Aspiration of subglottic secretions as an effective alternative for the prevention of pneumonia in patients with mechanical ventilation
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2020-02-29) Costa Pisfil, Erika Amavila; Elías Garcia, Karen Pamela; Avila Vargas Machuca, Jeannette Giselle
Objectives Systematize evidence on the effectiveness of subglottic aspirations for reducing pneumonia in patients with mechanical ventilation. Materials and Methods: Observational and retrospective systematic review, the search was based exclusively on articles with full text, and the chosen studies were subjected to a critical reading, based on the GRADE evaluation to identify their level of evidence. In the selection, 10 articles were chosen, of which 20% (2/10) correspond to the United States, 20% (2/10) Australia, 10% (1/10) to India, 20% (2/10) ) Canada, 10% (1/10) China, 10% (1/10) France and 10% (1/10) Belgium. Of these there are 2 systematic reviews, 4 meta-analyses, 3 clinical trials and 1 control study, all of high quality. Results: Of the 10 articles reviewed, 100% (10/10) demonstrated that aspiration of subglottic secretions reduces the incidence of pneumonia and edema problems compared to tracheal aspirations. Conclusions: It was shown that aspiration of subglottic secretions is effective in reducing the risk of pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation.
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Control interno y su incidencia en la gestión del área de tesorería en una institución de salud, Lima 2022
(Universidad Norbert Wiener, 2023-06-08) Cashpa Broncano, José Ivan; Gutiérrez Quispe, Christian Hugo; Vera Ortiz, Norma
La investigación, “Control interno y su incidencia en la gestión del Área de Tesorería en una institución de salud, Lima 2022”, tuvo como objetivo determinar, si el control interno incide en la gestión de tesorería. Esta variable independiente es importante para la eficacia y productividad de la entidad, así como para reducir el fraude, el dolo en los activos y pasivo disponibles que afectan directamente el normal desarrollo del departamento de tesorería y otras áreas departamentales. La metodología que se utilizó fue cuantitativa con un método descriptivo de carácter no experimental, con investigación aplicada y diseño transeccional. La población y muestra está compuesta de 40 encuestados. Se empleó la técnica de la encuesta, utilizando como instrumento el cuestionario, para evaluar ambas variables en la escala de Likert. La encuesta es aplicada a técnicos profesionales y funcionarios administrativos de la institución. Asimismo, se utilizaron los coeficientes de estadística de Alpha de Cronbach y Rho Spearman para evaluar la confiabilidad de las variables, se empleó el sistema SPSS, utilizando la prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov y la prueba de Regresión logística Ordinal, donde la hipótesis formulada fue aceptada. Se determinó con la prueba estadística, que la formula Rho Spearman presentó relación positiva alta. Por consiguiente, el control interno como variable independiente tiene correlación positiva alta de 59.9% en relación con la variable dependiente. Se concluye en razón a los resultados obtenidos en nuestra investigación, que las dimensiones del control interno influyen positivamente al área de tesorería de la entidad de salud, Lima 2022; donde el trabajo realizado aportará en nuevos conocimientos que incrementan las teorías del saber.
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Determination of the appropriate concentration for oral hygiene with Chlorhexidine in the prevention of pneumonia in intubated patients in the intensive care unit
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 1905-07-09) Chavalía Cóello, Diana Elizabeth; Menacho Vergara, Lissette Carolina; Gómez Gonzales, Walter Edgar
Objective: Determine the best concentration of chlorhexidine used to perform oral hygiene to prevent pneumonia in intubated patients. Materials and Methods: Systematic reviews are an observational and meta-analysis research design, which synthesizes the results of multiple primary investigations. They are an essential part of evidence-based nursing due to their rigorous methodology, which is why a systematic review was carried out with articles in English and Spanish indexed in Cochrane, Embase, Lilacs, Pubmed, Medline, identifying relevant studies to answer specific questions of clinical practice. Results: The SCHEFFE statistical test indicated that of oral hygiene, chlorhexidine showed a statistically significant difference over other forms of hygiene in the reduction of the number of bacterial colonies (p<0.001). The only effect on reducing VAP was found when 0.12% chlorhexidine was used, used in cardiovascular surgery, where Chlorhexidine is used from preoperatively. Conclusions: Oral care, cleaning and antisepsis is a useful strategy for the prevention of pneumonia associated with intubated patients; It was also determined that 0.12% chlorhexidine was effective in reducing colonization of the oropharynx and the incidence of pneumonia associated with intubated patients.
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Effective nursing interventions for the prevention of pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 1905-07-09) Cusi Delgado, Libia; Solis Ramos, Melody; Bonilla Asalde, César Antonio
Objective:Analyze the evidence on effective nursing interventions for the prevention of pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation.Methodology:The search was carried out in the Pubmed, Cochrane, Elsevier, Lilacs, Scielo and Google Scholar database of articles published between 2012 and 2017 whose main theme is effective nursing interventions in the prevention of pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation. Results: Of 10 scientific reviews, 100% are of quality high, of the total of systematic reviews, 6 articles conclude that oral hygiene with chlorhexidine reduces the incidence of pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation, 4 articles conclude that elevation of the head of 30|-60° reduces the incidence of pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation. mechanical ventilation, 3 articles conclude that aspiration and management of secretions reduces pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation and 1 article concludes that abdominal massage and post-pyloric feeding reduce the risk of pneumonia associated with ventilation. mechanics.Conclusion:Effective nursing interventions for the prevention of pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation include oral cavity hygiene with chlorhexidine, elevation of the head of the head 30°-60°, aspiration and management of secretions, post-pyloric feeding and the abdominal massage.
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Effectiveness of aspiration of subglottic secretions in adult patients with artificial airway to reduce complications
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2019-09-22) Vila Poma, Ted Jhon; Villanueva Valverde, Arturo Oscar; Rivera Lozada de Bonilla, Oriana
Objectives: Systematize the evidence on the effectiveness of aspiration of subglottic secretions in adult patients with an artificial airway to reduce complications. Methodology and method: systematic and retrospective review studies, subjected to critical reading and using the GRADE evaluation system to identify the degree of evidence of articles published in PubMed, Sciencedirect, Epistemonikos, Scielo, Researchgate. Results: 80% indicate that aspiration of subglottic secretions is effective in adult patients with an artificial airway to reduce complications. 20% indicate that aspiration of subglottic secretions is not effective. Conclusions: With the aspiration of subglottic secretions, the incidence of pneumonia associated with the ventilator was reduced, and there was a decrease in the incidence of hospital stay.
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Effectiveness of the use of saline solution compared to the use of heparinized solution to patent the arterial line and avoid obstructions in intensive care unit patients
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2020-02-16) Murillo Solis, Jufet Fabriccio; Arce Condor, Miguel Angel; Uturunco Vera, Milagros Lizbeth
Objective: Systematize the evidence about the effectiveness of the use of saline solution compared to the use of heparinized solution to permeabilize the arterial line and avoid obstructions in intensive care unit patients. Method: Review A review of the evidence available in the databases: MEDLINE, PUBMED, SCIELO AND COCHRANE LIBRARY has been carried out, from the years 2010 to 2019; Randomized, quasi-experimental, cross-sectional clinical trials on the use of heparin versus the use of saline to improve the patency of arterial catheters were included. Results: 10 articles were found, which discuss, compare and analyze the use of heparin to improve arterial catheter patency. Conclusions: Studies show that the use of heparin is associated with a lower incidence of arterial catheter obstruction, also increasing its average life and improving its duration. However, some articles showed little difference when choosing whichever solution was used.
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Efficacy of a closed suction system compared with open suction system on hemodynamic changes in patients with mechanical ventilation
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2017-12-03) Ganto Yarasca, Rosario; Bonilla Asalde, César Antonio
Objectives: Systematize the evidence on hemodynamic changes in patients with mechanical ventilation as a consequence of the use of the closed aspiration system and the open aspiration system. Methodology: Observational and retrospective systematic review, the research has been restricted to articles with full text, the selected articles were subjected to a critical reading, using Jover's evaluation to identify their degree of evidence. Results: After the review, very diverse related research was obtained. In the final selection, 10 articles were selected corresponding to Brazil and Iran with 3 articles each, Turkey with 2 and Australia and Holland with 1 article each comparatively. Conclusions: It was shown that in the studies analyzed there is evidence on the effectiveness of a system closed suction system compared to the open suction system in the hemodynamic changes of patients with mechanical ventilation, 60% (6/10) demonstrated an incidence in hemodynamic changes, while 40% (4/10) do not accept hemodynamic changes or no significant changes were recorded in the use of both systems. Recommendations from consensus and specialists suggest the importance of monitoring hemodynamic changes that may occur in patients during the aspiration procedure, regardless of whether it is performed with the closed system or the open system to prevent complications. They recommend the closed aspiration system as safer. And they clarify that nursing staff should not perform aspiration as part of a scheduled routine due to possible adverse effects.
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Efficacy of Citrate Versus Heparin Anticoagulation in Decreasing Bleeding in Patients With Acute Renal Failure on Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 1905-07-09) Cabanillas Huamán, Augusto Enrique; Rosas Casique, Diana Beatriz; Remuzgo Artezano, Anika
Objective: Systematize the evidence on the effectiveness of citrate anticoagulation versus heparin to reduce bleeding in patients with acute renal failure on continuous renal replacement therapy. Results: The results obtained from the systematic reviews show that of the total of 10 scientific articles reviewed, 100% (n=10/10) report that the use of citrate anticoagulation is more effective compared to the use of heparin. , show that the implementation of a protocol, and the choice of first-line use of citrate anticoagulation is safe, and has more advantages than heparin, because it presents a lower risk of bleeding complications. and/or bleeding. Fernández states that the incidence of hemorrhage was (0% vs. 10.3%). Zhang indicated that citrate is able to reduce the risk of bleeding 0.28 (95% CI 0.15 0.50). Wu reported a statistically significant decrease in bleeding (RR, 0.34; 95% CI, 0, 17-0.65). Conclusions: 100% (n=10/10) show that the use of citrate anticoagulation is more effective compared to the use of heparin, because it significantly reduces the risk and complications of hemorrhage and/or bleeding.
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Efficacy of continuous bladder irrigation in the management of Hematuria
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 1905-07-09) Rojas Reyes, Luz; Sanchez Espejo, Eloisa Ada; Gómez Gonzales, Walter Edgar
Objective: Determine the effectiveness and uses of continuous bladder irrigation in the management of urological events. Materials and methods: Systematic Reviews are an observational and retrospective research design, which synthesizes the results of multiple primary investigations. They are an essential part of evidence-based nursing due to their rigorous methodology, identifying relevant studies to answer specific questions of clinical practice. Results: The reviewed articles were found in the databases Scielo, Dialnet, Ebsco, Lilacs, the results show that there is a lower incidence of immediate postoperative complications inherent to the operation of the urethrovesical catheter, in patients left without irrigation, likewise the average day in the hospital stay of these patients was shorter, concluding that continuous bladder irrigation as a post-prostatectomy treatment is not essential. The other authors also agree that the use of continuous bladder irrigation as a treatment using a continuous antibiotic regimen is recommended. Conclusions: The reviewed articles show that continuous bladder irrigation as a post-prostatectomy treatment and intervention is not essential in patients. The use of continuous bladder irrigation as a treatment using a continuous antibiotic regimen is recommended, it reduces hospital stay, reduces fever and quickly improves the patient's general conditions as well as making cultures negative in a shorter period of time. The management of hematuria of bladder origin through continuous bladder irrigation as a treatment with the application of intravesical bismuth solution is effective in shortening the time of hematuria control.
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Efficacy of high-level disinfection in safe disinfection of endoscopes
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 1905-07-09) Rubio Ampuero, Rosa Elena; Gómez Gonzales, Walter Edgar
Objective: Determine the effectiveness of High Level Disinfection (HLD) in the safe disinfection of endoscopes. Methodology: Systematic review whose population is made up of 06 published and indexed scientific articles, data collection was carried out through Lilacs, Scielo, Cochrane Plus, Medline, the analysis was carried out through a summary table, evaluating the quality of evidence and strength of recommendation in a critical and intensive manner for each article according to the established technical criteria, guaranteeing compliance with ethical principles. Results: At the national level, the Herediana Medical Journal concludes that the bacterial load before the cleaning and disinfection process of 50 endoscopes was positive in 88% and after the process positive in 26%. At the international level, the Chilean Journal of Infectology refers to infections exogenous pneumonias such as post-bronchoscopy pneumonia, which reach incidence rates, according to the authors, between 0.6% and 6.9% of the procedures.(6).The Spanish Society of Gastroenterology refers in 02 studies that DAN is not sufficient, both for endoscopes and accessories. The predominant bacteria in the positive cultures were Pseudomona Aeruginosa and Klebsiella Pneumoniae. Conclusion: The systematic review shows that DAN is not sufficient for the safe disinfection of endoscopes in sterilization centers.
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Efficacy of the use of adhesives with chlorhexidine for central venous catheters, in the prevention of bacteremia in patients in intensive care units
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 1905-07-09) Caballero Malaver, Mónica Elena; Samanamú Mauricio, Gabriela Cecilia; Gómez Gonzales, Walter Edgar
Objective: Determine the effectiveness of the use of chlorhexidine dressings for central venous catheters, for the prevention of bacteremia in patients in intensive care units. Materials and methods: Systematic Review, observational and retrospective research design, the search has been restricted to articles with full text, and the selected articles were subjected to a critical reading according to the degree of evidence that synthesizes the results of 01 Meta-analysis and 03 scientific articles that demonstrate the powerful bactericidal activity of the use of dressings with Chlorhexidine for central venous catheters as a preventive measure against bloodstream infections. Results: 1 meta-analysis and 3 articles were chosen in which we found that 50% (02) correspond to the United States with 25% (01), we find France and Israel with 25% (01) respectively. Of the total number of articles analyzed, 100% affirm the effectiveness of the use of dressings with chlorhexidine for CVC in the prevention of bacteremia and infections. The meta-analysis included 9 primary studies that showed a significant reduction in the incidence of infections due to colonization of the central venous catheter as well as bloodstream infection. A randomized trial demonstrated that the use of dressings impregnated with Chlorhexidine gel decreases the rate of CRF in ICU patients with a central venous catheter. A prospective comparative trial provided excellent results of bactericidal and antimicrobial action of the use of transparent dressings impregnated with CHG and finally a randomized controlled study was carried out in a pediatric cardiac intensive unit where gluconate sponge impregnated with chlorhexidine is safe and significantly reduces rates. of CVC colonization in infants and children after cardiac surgery. Conclusion: It was evident in the reviewed research that there is effectiveness in the use of adhesives with chlorhexidine for venous catheters in the prevention of bacteremia since it reduces the percentages of bacteremia associated with central venous catheters, therefore reducing hospital stay, deaths and costs. .
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Epidemiological characteristics and factors associated with cesarean section at the Maternal and Child Center José Carlos Mariátegui from August 2016 to July 2017
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-01-15) Rojas Morón, Miriam Danaiz; Vargas Arzubiaga, Carla Stephany; Rodriguez Chávez, Carlos Leonidas
Caesarean section is a common surgical intervention in the world that allows saving human lives; it is performed without clinical indications. The general objective is the epidemiological characteristics and factors associated with cesarean section. Furthermore, it was a non-experimental, observational, mixed, retrospective cross-sectional research. The sample consisted of 122 medical records. The results were analyzed in the statistical program SPSS version 21, finding an incidence of 45.97% of dystocic births. With respect to epidemiological characteristics, age, 27.87% of patients are between 30-34 years old and 8.2% are between 15-19 years old. Regarding parity, 38.52% of patients have second digestion and 3.28% are highly multiparous. Marital status: 36.07% are cohabiting and 30.33% are married. Level of education: 37.7% of patients have secondary school and 19.67% have higher education. Occupation: 54.9% are independent and only 11.48% are students. Origin 66.39% are from the coastal area and 0.82% are from abroad In maternal factors associated with cesarean section, 48.36% had a previous cesarean section and 1.64% had soft tissue dystocias. In relation to fetal factors associated with cesarean section, 55.74% did not have any fetal indication for cesarean section and 1.64% had malformations. In relation to mixed factors associated with cesarean section, 95.9% did not have any mixed indication for cesarean section and 0.82% had preeclampsia. Finally, in anesthetic, infectious, surgical and hemorrhagic complications, 100% did not have any of them.
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ESTUDIO DE LA AUTOMEDICACIÓN EN LA POBLACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE PACHACAMAC SECTOR MANCHAY PORTADA I, II Y III LIMA, 2016
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-05-12) Curilla Yachi, Diego Majcoll; Caldas Herrera, Emma
La automedicación es el tratamiento con medicamentos, seleccionados sin supervisión médica, que constituye una problemática de carácter tanto nacional como mundial. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar las características de la automedicación en la población del distrito de Pachacamac sector Manchay Portada I, II y III provincia Lima, 2016. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo observacional de corte transversal. Se recolecto la información a través de encuestas, la muestra fue de 365 personas (mayores de 18 años). Los datos fueron analizados utilizando el paquete estadístico SPSS 22. Se obtuvo un 93,9% de automedicación. Los medicamentos más consumidos fueron: antibióticos 37%, antiinflamatorios 23,9% y analgésicos 18,1%. Las enfermedades o molestias que llevaron a la práctica de la automedicación fueron: infecciones respiratorias 30,3%, dolores 25,1%, inflamaciones 15,5%. Las principales causas fueron: recomendaciones por terceras personas 97,9%, falta de tiempo 98,5%, no exigencia de receta médica 61,2%. Los resultados indican un nivel alto de incidencia de automedicación de los cuales el 60,8% desconoce la problemática de la automedicación y solo el 39,2% conoce dicho tema. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos se sugiere realizar campañas de educación dirigidas a esta población sobre el uso racional del medicamento.
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ESTUDIO DE LA AUTOMEDICACIÓN EN LA POBLACIÓN DEL DISTRITO DE PACHACAMAC SECTOR MANCHAY PORTADA I, II Y III LIMA, 2016
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-05-12) Vega Espilco, Karina Lizbeth; Caldas Herrera, Emma
La automedicación es el tratamiento con medicamentos, seleccionados sin supervisión médica, que constituye una problemática de carácter tanto nacional como mundial. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar las características de la automedicación en la población del distrito de Pachacamac sector Manchay Portada I, II y III provincia Lima, 2016. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo observacional de corte transversal. Se recolecto la información a través de encuestas, la muestra fue de 365 personas (mayores de 18 años). Los datos fueron analizados utilizando el paquete estadístico SPSS 22. Se obtuvo un 93,9% de automedicación. Los medicamentos más consumidos fueron: antibióticos 37%, antiinflamatorios 23,9% y analgésicos 18,1%. Las enfermedades o molestias que llevaron a la práctica de la automedicación fueron: infecciones respiratorias 30,3%, dolores 25,1%, inflamaciones 15,5%. Las principales causas fueron: recomendaciones por terceras personas 97,9%, falta de tiempo 98,5%, no exigencia de receta médica 61,2%. Los resultados indican un nivel alto de incidencia de automedicación de los cuales el 60,8% desconoce la problemática de la automedicación y solo el 39,2% conoce dicho tema. De acuerdo a los resultados obtenidos se sugiere realizar campañas de educación dirigidas a esta población sobre el uso racional del medicamento.
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Factors associated with complications after insertion of invasive catheters
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 1905-07-09) Bulnes Reyna, Marcela Estela; Mantilla Lara, Carmen Isabel; Gómez Gonzales, Walter Edgar
Objective: Establish the factors associated with complications after insertion of invasive catheters. Material and Method: Observational and retrospective systematic review, the search has been restricted to articles with full text, and the selected articles were subjected to a critical reading, using Jover's evaluation to identify their degree of evidence. Results: The population was made up of the bibliographic review of 02 systematic reviews and 08 scientific articles published and indexed in scientific databases, no older than five years and that respond to articles published in Spanish, we found that 20 % (02) correspond to Chile, with 30% (03) we find Spain, while with 10% (05) we find Washington, Wisconsin, Brazil, Mexico and Costa Rica respectively. Most of the quantitative, transversal, experimental and quasi-experimental studies have been studied with 80%, mainly in the countries of Costa Rica, Brazil, Mexico and Spain. Among systematic reviews we find the country of Chile and Wisconsin, with 20%. Conclusions: Among the factors associated with complications we found in 80% of the studies high blood pressure, condition of the catheter, sex, obesity, diabetes mellitus, as for the pathologies according to the studies found were pneumonia, neonatal sepsis, meningitis and perinatal asphyxia; The most frequently found microorganisms were Staphylococcus coagulase (-), Pseudomona sp. and Candida sp. and that greater education of health professionals decreases the incidence of primary bloodstream infections and a substantial decrease in the patient's health care costs.
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Frecuencia de capacidad funcional en adultos mayores de una casa hogar. Lima. 2024
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2025-03-25) Chavez Bernuy, Edith Alejandra; Puma Chombo, Jorge Eloy
En la actualidad el incremento de la población de adultos mayores ha aumentado por lo que es relevante evaluar la condición física y funcional en los AM determinar el nivel de autonomía para realizar actividades cotidianas que durante el tiempo se presenta la incidencia de dificultades física y dependencia que pueden hacer que la calidad de vida se valla deteriorando. Objetivos: Identificar la frecuencia de Capacidad Funcional en Adultos Mayores Metodología: Se utilizó como instrumento el índice Barthel para la Capacidad Funcional en Adultos Mayores conjuntamente con una ficha de recolección de datos. La población estuvo conformada por 70 Adultos Mayores El método de estudio de enfoque cuantitativo, deductivo, diseño no experimental, tipo aplicada, observacional y corte transversal. El análisis de los datos se realizó con el SPSS 0.27 Resultados: En función de las características sociodemográficas predomino el género 57.1% masculino se observó un porcentaje 38,6 % 71 a 80 años ,38,6% 81 a 90 años. Se obtuvo que la capacidad funcional presento el 42,9 % leve, 42,9 % moderado, 12,9 % grave y 1,4 % independiente. Conclusiones: Se obtuvo que la capacidad funcional presento leve y moderado en los adultos mayores.
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Incidence and maternal and fetal factors in puerperae diagnosed with preterm labor attended at San Juan de Lurigancho Hospital, January – December 2017
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2017-11-14) Tito Baraona, Karen Brenda; Vallenas Godoy, Aurora Laura; Solís Arias, Franklin Arturo
Preterm birth is a public health problem worldwide and nationally and is the most important cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. The objective of the study was to determine the incidence and maternal and fetal factors in postpartum women with a diagnosis of preterm birth treated at the San Juan de Lurigancho Hospital from January to December 2017. It was an observational, descriptive and retrospective investigation, 52 medical records were reviewed. that met inclusion and exclusion criteria. The result was analyzed in the statistical program SPSS version 25, and an incidence of 0.89% was found, 100% was between 32 to 36 weeks of gestation. With respect to maternal obstetric factors, a lack of prenatal controls was found in 36.5%; among the pathologies that occurred during pregnancy, mild anemia stood out with 46.2%, uterine tract infection with 26.9%, and then rupture. premature membranes and hypertension induced by pregnancy both with 23.1% and in the history abortion with 19.2%. In addition, in fetal factors, cases of intrauterine growth restriction were found with 7.7% and multiple pregnancy with 5.8%. In conclusion, the maternal and fetal factors of preterm birth are the lack of prenatal controls, urinary infections, premature rupture of membranes, pregnancy-induced hypertension, history of abortion, intrauterine growth restriction and multiple pregnancy.
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Incidencia de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en el aprendizaje significativo en estudiantes de maestría en Criminalística de una universidad peruana, 2021
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2022-02-18) Montellanos Cabrera, Henry Sam; Yangali Vicente Judith Soledad
La presente investigación estuvo orientada a determinar la Incidencia de las Tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en el aprendizaje significativo en estudiantes de maestría en Ciencia Criminalística de una Universidad Peruana, 2021.Tuvo como hipótesis general la siguiente: Existe incidencia significativa en la influencia de las Tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en el aprendizaje significativo en estudiantes de maestría en Ciencia Criminalística de una Universidad Peruana, 2021. El estudio se apoyó en la Teoría del Conectivismo y Teoría del aprendizaje significativo de Ausubel (1963) La metodología está enmarcada en el Paradigma positivista con un enfoque cuantitativo, el método es el hipotético deductivo, la investigación es aplicada con un diseño no experimental transversal. La encuesta fue la técnica usada para obtener la información. Como instrumento, se utilizó un cuestionario. La muestra del estudio fue censal, compuesta por 100 estudiantes que suministraron los datos para obtener la información, los sujetos de estudio se seleccionaron por muestreo no probabilístico procedentes de la maestría en Ciencia Criminalística de la Universidad Peruana. Los datos obtenidos demostraron que es de gran importancia el uso de las TIC en el proceso formativo, debido a que los estudiantes universitarios se fortalecen con la divulgación del conocimiento que ofrecen los espacios virtuales. En conclusión, es necesario que en los ambientes universitarios se mantenga una infraestructura tecnológica con una conectividad eficiente de calidad e imparcial, que desarrolle modelos que conduzcan a la innovación educativa y pedagógica que promueva el aprendizaje significativo en los estudiantes de la maestría en criminalística.
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“Incidencia De Trastornos Músculo Esqueléticos En Los Estibadores Del Mercado Mayorista Santa Anita De Lima, 2018”
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2019-04-25) Arango Carrera, Jannet Graciela; Santos Chamorro, Roxana Gabriela; Cerdán Cueva, Hugo Javier
La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la incidencia de los trastornos músculo esqueléticos en los estibadores. El estudio fue de tipo descriptivo. Se aplicó el Cuestionario Nórdico a 110 hombres de 154 manipuladores se llevó a cabo en el Mercado Mayorista de Lima ubicada en Av. La Cultura 701 (Alt.Km 35 Carretera Central) Santa Anita, corresponde al género masculino. La información se analizó mediante el programa estadístico SPSS versión 23.0®, y se obtuvo frecuencias simples para variables cualitativas, además de obtener medidas de tendencia central y dispersión en las variables cuantitativas. El 98% de estibadores sufrieron trastorno músculo esquelético relacionado con su trabajo en los últimos 12 meses. El trastorno más frecuente se encontró en la espalda inferior 27.60% (35 casos), en nuestro estudio encontramos en su mayoría absoluta al sexo masculino 100% (110 casos) que muestra algún trastorno músculo esquelético, los estibadores oscilan entre las edades de 32-46 ; hay un mayor porcentaje que presentan trastornos músculo esqueléticos con 48%, en los 12 últimos meses, estos trastornos músculo esqueléticos estuvieron presentes más en los colaboradores que tenían menos años en actividad con un 60% y los que trabajan con algún medio auxiliar para transportar la carga fueron los más afectados con un 50%.Se concluyó que existe mayor incidencia de trastorno músculo esquelético en el sexo masculino entre los 32-46 años de edad. Fueron 110 estibadores que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión y exclusión a la ejecución de la entrevista. Los estibadores que usan herramientas pesadas por tal motivo tienen mayor tiempo laboral sufrieron de trastornos músculo esqueléticos en la columna lumbar seguida de la columna dorsal.
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Incidencia del dolor musculoesquelético en el personal de teleoperadoras del seguro social de Salud en el Distrito de Jesús María en el año 2015
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2015) Coronado García, Katherine Geovanna; Gamboa Muñoz, Giuliana Stefani; Corrales Terrel, Danny
Los desórdenes o enfermedades músculo esqueléticos relacionados con el trabajo son entidades comunes y potencialmente discapacitantes, pero aun así prevenibles, que comprenden un amplio número de manifestaciones clínicas específicas y afectan a los músculos, tendones, vainas tendinosas, articulaciones y paquetes neurovasculares. El presente estudio buscó establecer la incidencia de dolor musculo esquelético y su relación con el personal de teleoperadoras que laboran en el Seguro Social de Salud en el distrito de Jesús María. Este trabajo fue de tipo descriptivo, ambos instrumentos fueron aplicados a un grupo de 60 teleoperadoras del Seguro Social. Para la recolección de la información se utilizaron dos instrumentos validados a nivel internacional: El cuestionario para el análisis de síntomas de dolor musculo esquelético llamado cuestionario nórdico de Kuorinka autoaplicado, que fue completado por el personal del área determinándose la localización del dolor, y la escala numérica del dolor, para evaluar el grado de dolor que presentaban. El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar la incidencia del dolor musculo esquelético en las teleoperadoras que laboran en el Seguro Social de Salud. Como resultado se obtuvo que la incidencia de dolor musculo esquelético en el personal de teleoperadoras fue alto con un porcentaje del 82.7% de dolor en alguna localización corporal. Según la localización de dolor, hubo mayor incidencia a nivel de espalda (76%), cuello (74%) y hombro derecho (43%). De acuerdo al tiempo que permanece con las molestias, se observa que el dolor de espalda es el que se presenta con mayor duración que las otras zonas, pues el 17% de los casos con dolor de espalda tuvieron una permanencia de 7 a 12 meses, a comparación de las otras zonas que tuvieron un mínimo de porcentaje, como hombro izquierdo, donde no se manifestó ningún tipo de dolor. Con estos resultados, se demuestra que si existe una alta incidencia de dolor músculo esquelético en la población estudiada, ya que laborar en espacios prolongados de tiempo, con posturas incorrectas o repetitivas pueden desprender algún tipo de enfermedad a nivel muscular.