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Evaluación del efecto antiinflamatorio y analgésico del extracto etanólico de la raíz de Dracontium spruceanum (Schott) G.H. Zhu "jergón sacha" en ratones
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2024-05-23) Ramos Tello, Luis Jhonston; Ccorahua De La Cruz, Moisés Claudio; Chávez Flores, Juana Elvira
In Peru, there is a great variety of plants with medicinal properties. This research aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effect of the ethanolic extract of the root of Dracontium spruceanum (Schott) G.H. Zhu “jergón sacha” in mice. Methodology: A “Solubility Test” and “Preliminary Qualitative Analysis” were conducted to identify secondary metabolites present in the extract. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect, 36 albino mice were used, divided into 6 groups (n=6). The “ear edema” method induced by Q.P. xylene was used; as positive controls, 1% diclofenac gel and 1% dexamethasone gel were applied. The Dracontium spruceanum extract was evaluated in gel form at 0.5%, 1%, and 2% concentrations. Vaseline was used as the negative control. All administrations were topical. For the analgesic effect, 36 mice were divided into 6 groups (n=6). The “tail withdrawal” method from a thermal source was used, and latency time was measured. As positive controls, tramadol hydrochloride 20 mg/kg and paracetamol 400 mg/kg were used. The extract was evaluated at doses of 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg. Physiological saline 0.1 mL/10g was used as the negative control. All administrations were oral. Results: The anti-inflammatory effect of the Dracontium spruceanum extract in gel form at 2% showed a high inflammation inhibition of 95.8%, surpassing the positive controls (dexamethasone 91.8% and diclofenac 89.3%). The 0.5% and 1% extract gels also showed inhibition (68.8% and 88.7%, respectively). Regarding the analgesic effect, the 400 mg/kg dose of the extract showed an average increase in pain reaction time of 55.2%, though it was surpassed by tramadol (76.4%). The 200 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg doses showed 31.3% and 25.9% increases, respectively, while paracetamol showed 12%. Conclusions: The ethanolic extract of the root of Dracontium spruceanum (Schott) G.H. Zhu showed a notable anti-inflammatory effect in gel form via topical administration at 2%, more than at 0.5% and 1%. A significant analgesic effect was also observed at the 400 mg/kg dose via oral administration.