Examinando por Materia "Pharmacoepidemiology"

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Estudio de análisis de las interacciones medicamentosas potenciales según grupo etario en pacientes hospitalizados de trabajos de investigación realizadas en universidades peruanas
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2017-12-12) Arias Chavez, Carito Magalli; Torres Veliz, Ernesto Raúl
A drug interaction is defined as any modification that occurs in pharmacokinetics. Pharmacological interactions can be understood as quantitative or qualitative modifications or alterations of a drug’s effect. Beneficial interactions occur when an increase in therapeutic effectiveness is observed, while adverse interactions occur when therapeutic efficacy decreases, as in the case of quinidine, which reduces the analgesic effect of codeine. External interactions refer to physicochemical incompatibilities in intravenous administration mixtures, such as precipitation, whereas internal interactions occur in the gastrointestinal tract, in the liver, or at the drug’s site of action. According to their mechanism of production, drug interactions can be classified as pharmaceutical, pharmacodynamic, or pharmacokinetic. Pharmaceutical interactions involve physicochemical incompatibilities that prevent the mixing of two or more drugs in the same solution. Pharmacodynamic interactions are those in which one compound influences the effect of another at receptors or effector organs, or on subsequent molecular processes. Pharmacokinetic interactions occur when food modifies the normal pharmacokinetics of the drug, resulting in changes in its concentration in the body and, consequently, at its sites of action, which may affect therapeutic activity, often increasing it. These effects may be related to alterations in intestinal motility and gastric emptying. Changes in gastrointestinal motility can influence both the rate of absorption and the total amount of drug absorbed, which may ultimately be complete. Factors that affect drug response include both pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic mechanisms. Pharmacokinetic interactions may occur at any stage of drug absorption, distribution, biotransformation, or excretion, leading to an increase or decrease in the concentration at the site of action. Pharmacodynamic interactions are due to changes in the response of the effector organ, giving rise to phenomena such as synergy, antagonism, or potentiation. Such interactions may occur at the receptor level, manifesting as antagonism, hypersensitization, or desensitization.