Examinando por Materia "Plomo"

Mostrando 1 - 20 de 39

Acceso abierto
Anemia secundaria por intoxicación con plomo en niños residentes en la provincia de Dos de Mayo, La Unión 2025
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2026-02-06) Virgilio Quispe, Vanessa Gloria; Cossio Villar, Mery Ann
Desarrollado con el objetivo, determinar la relación entre los valores de hemoglobina y la concentración de plomo en sangre de niños residentes en la provincia de Dos de Mayo, La Unión 2025. Materiales y métodos; desarrollada mediante el método hipotético deductivo, partiendo de la recolección de datos permite dar solución al problema enmarcado en supuestos conocimientos, puestos a prueba mediante sucesos, la cual consideró el enfoque cuantitativo, que recopila y analiza datos numéricos. Entre las técnicas de análisis que utiliza se tiene: descriptivo, exploratorio, inferencial, modelización, entre otros, por consiguiente también será necesario el tipo de investigación, el estudio desarrollado será aplicado, en la cual se buscará establecer la descripción de cada una de las variables en la cual determinaremos una función o relación entre las mismas. El diseño de la investigación será observacional, según el nivel de investigación es aplicado, según el tiempo de ocurrencia es prospectivo, según el periodo es de corte transversal y es de tipo descriptivo, el complejo poblacional estará conformado por 350 registros de pacientes con valores de hemoglobina y exámenes para evaluar plomo, del cual se aplicó la formula muestral para obtener como resultado 280 resultados de pacientes con valores de hemoglobina y resultados de plomo en sangre, para ello fue necesario la aplicación de la fórmula finita o población conocida, mediante el muestreo aleatorio simple, para lo cual se utilizó la ficha de observación.
Acceso abierto
Concentración de cadmio y plomo en pejerrey (Odontethes Regia) del terminal pesquero “José Olaya Balandra”, de la provincia de Pisco, 2020.
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2020-11-03) Churango Valdez, Javier Florentino; Ramirez Peña, Isabel
Objetivo: Determinar la presencia de cadmio y plomo en pejerrey (Odontesthes regia) comercializados en el terminal pesquero de Pisco de la Ciudad de Ica durante el periodo de enero del 2020 Metodología: Cuantitativa, mediante la técnica de Espectrofotometría de Absorción Atómica los niveles de concentración de cadmio y plomo, la población fueron pejerrey (Odontesthes regia) comercializados en el terminal pesquero de Pisco de la Ciudad de Ica durante el periodo de enero del 2020. Resultados: Los niveles de cadmio encontrados presentan un promedio de 0,13 ppm, valor mínimo de 0,03 ppm y valor máximo de 0,25 ppm encontrándose que no superan los límites máximo permisibles dado por SANIPES. Los niveles de plomo encontrados en las muestras presentan un promedio de 0,21 ppm, valor mínimo de 0,15 ppm y valor máximo de 0,45 ppm encontrándose que no superan los límites máximo permisibles dado por SANIPES. Conclusión: Presentamos que el pejerrey (Odontesthes regia) comercializados en el terminal pesquero de Pisco de la Ciudad de Ica durante el periodo de enero del 2020, el 100% no superan los límites máximo permisibles dado por SANIPES para cadmio y plomo. Recomendando la ingesta de este alimento ya que está dentro de sus parámetros de calidad.”
Acceso abierto
Concentración de plomo y manganeso en sandias (Citrullus lannatus) expendidas de forma ambulatoria y su relación con el tiempo de exposición al parque automotor en seis sectores del Cercado de Lima, Lima, Perú, mayo 2019
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2020-11-26) Dextre Menacho, Fredy Wilder; Vicente Lujan, Rossana; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
The objective was to determine the relationship between the time of exposure to vehicular traffic and the concentration of lead and manganese in "watermelon" (Citrullus lanatus) sold by street vendors in six sectors of Cercado de Lima, Lima, Peru, in May 2019. Method: The Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry technique was used. The study analyzed lead and manganese in 36 watermelon samples with 15 hours of exposure (starting 6:00 a.m. and ending 9:00 p.m.). Results: For lead, the average was 5.31 ppm, and 50% of the samples exceeded the value of 5.68 ppm. The data deviated from the mean by an average of 1.07 ppm, with a minimum value of 3.38 ppm and a maximum of 7.10 ppm. For manganese, the average was 6.93 ppm, and 50% of the samples exceeded the value of 7.03 ppm. The data deviated from the mean by an average of 0.065 ppm, with a minimum value of 6.01 ppm and a maximum of 8.32 ppm. It is concluded that a direct and positive correlation exists between the time of the fruit's exposure to vehicular traffic and the concentration of lead and manganese, with statistical significance (r=0.705,p=0.000 and r=0.761,p=0.000, respectively). 100% of the samples exceeded the Maximum Permissible Limits (MPL) established by the WHO/FAO/Codex Alimentarius.
Acceso abierto
Cuantificación de plomo, cadmio y arsénico en granos de cacao Theobroma cacao L. y café Coffea arábica L. de la zona de Jaén – Cajamarca durante el periodo febrero–julio 2018
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-12-06) Condezo Nuñez, Silvia; Huaraca Mezones, Carmen Victoria; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
Coffee and cocoa are consumed worldwide and have gained international recognition. Many producers cultivate these crops using pesticides, or the soils in which they are grown are contaminated with heavy metals that can be absorbed by the plants. For this reason, it was necessary to quantify the concentrations of lead, cadmium, and arsenic in cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao L.) and coffee beans (Coffea arabica L.) from the Jaén – Cajamarca region, during the period from February to July 2018. A total of sixteen samples were collected and analyzed using the atomic absorption method associated with graphite furnace and FIAS hydride generation. The results showed that in coffee beans from the Jaén – Cajamarca region, the average concentrations were 0.11 µg/g for arsenic, 0.11 µg/g for cadmium, and 1.18 µg/g for lead. Most of the analyzed samples did not exceed the maximum values permitted by MERCOSUR regulations, making them suitable for consumption. In cocoa beans from the Jaén – Cajamarca region, the average concentrations were 0.08 µg/g for arsenic, 0.07 µg/g for cadmium, and 0.10 µg/g for lead. When compared with the permissible values established by the Codex Alimentarius, the concentrations of each metal found indicated that more than 60% of the samples are admissible for human consumption.
Acceso abierto
Determinación cuantitativa de arsénico, cadmio y plomo en maca (Lepidium meyenii) expendida en el mercado 10 de Octubre durante el período de junio–octubre 2016
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2016) Espinoza Dominguez, Judith; Quispe Huillca, Yessica; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
Maca (Lepidium meyenii) is a plant that grows above 4000 meters of altitude in the Central Andes of Peru, presenting different varieties based on the color of its hypocotyl. For this reason, we conducted a study on 28 samples to quantitatively determine the concentration of Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), and Lead (Pb) in maca (Lepidium meyenii) sold in the Mercado 10 de Octubre during the period of June–October 2016. The average concentration of Arsenic was 0.38 mg/kg with minimum figures of 0.17 mg/kg and maximum figures of 0.67 mg/kg. The average concentration of Cadmium was 0.32 mg/kg with minimum figures of 0.06 mg/kg and maximum figures of 0.62 mg/kg. The average concentration of Lead was 0.34 mg/kg with minimum figures of 0.12 mg/kg and maximum figures of 0.67 mg/kg. The values found were: 29% of the analyzed maca (Lepidium meyenii) samples exceeded the limit permitted by MERCOSUR for As (0.50 mg/kg). 14% of the Cd concentrations in maca exceeded the permitted value given by MERCOSUR for Cd (0.50 mg/kg), and 29% of the analyzed samples exceeded the permitted value given by MERCOSUR for Pb.
Acceso abierto
Determinación cuantitativa de arsénico, cobre, níquel y plomo en margarinas y mantequillas expendidas en el mercado de Caquetá – San Martin de Porres – periodo de Junio–Octubre 2015
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2015) Altamirano Verastegui, Luis Antonio; Cruz Quispe, Edwin; Churango Valdez, Javier
Margarine and butter are widely consumed products, being among the most commonly used cooking ingredients alongside oil. Investigating their quality is of great importance from both health and commercial perspectives. Heavy metals pose a serious risk as they tend to bioaccumulate in biological organisms, increasing their concentration and potentially causing harmful effects on internal organs, the nervous system, kidneys, liver, and lungs. For this reason, a study was conducted to quantitatively determine the levels of arsenic, copper, nickel, and lead in margarines and butters sold at the Caquetá market in San Martín de Porres during the period June–October 2015, using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Seventeen samples of margarines and butters were collected for analysis. The results showed that the average concentrations of arsenic, copper, nickel, and lead were: As 0.07 mg/kg, Cu 0.09 mg/kg, Ni 0.28 mg/kg, and Pb 0.11 mg/kg. These results were compared against the Codex Alimentarius, the Ecuadorian Technical Standard, and the Venezuelan Technical Standard.
Acceso abierto
Determinación cuantitativa de cadmio, plomo y cobre en hígado de ganado bovino expendidos en mercados: Central, 03 de Febrero y Camal de Yerbateros durante setiembre del 2014
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2015) Cristobal Palomares, Jhovani Walter; Cruz Orihuela, Ruth Rosalyn; Churango Valdez, Javier
The objective of this study was to quantitatively determine the concentration of cadmium, lead, and copper in bovine liver sold at the Central Market, 03 de Febrero, and the Yerbateros Slaughterhouse during September 2014. The method used for the quantification of these metals was Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry with a graphite furnace. The cadmium levels found in the twenty-five liver samples showed an average of 9.59 mg Cd/kg liver, with a minimum value of 5.89 mg/kg and a maximum value of 14.11 mg/kg. Lead levels in the samples showed an average of 52.26 mg Pb/kg liver, with a minimum of 28.34 mg/kg and a maximum of 75.85 mg/kg. Finally, copper levels in the samples showed an average of 1.70 mg Cu/kg liver, with a minimum of 0.78 mg/kg and a maximum of 3.09 mg/kg. The results indicate that the bovine liver samples exceed the established cadmium, lead, and copper limits according to the Official Mexican Standard and European Union regulations. Therefore, it is concluded that the liver samples contain Cd, Pb, and Cu above the permitted levels according to international standards, posing a potential health risk for consumers.
Acceso abierto
Determinación cuantitativa de la concentración de arsénico, cadmio y plomo en zumo de “Caña de Azúcar“ (saccharum officinarum) expendidos ambulatoriamente en la Provincia Constitucional del Callao durante el periodo mayo–setiembre 2014
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2015) Aylas Quispe, Fredy Jesus; Aylas Quispe, Yudit; Canales Martínez, César Augusto
Heavy metals released into the environment by industrial activities can affect the development of sugarcane crops. In order to determine the current levels of heavy metals (As, Cd, and Pb), 25 samples of sugarcane juice (Saccharum officinarum) sold in the Constitutional Province of Callao were analyzed between May and September 2014. The determination of heavy metals in sugarcane juice was carried out using atomic absorption spectrophotometry with hydride generation for arsenic, and atomic absorption spectrophotometry with graphite furnace for cadmium and lead. The results obtained for each heavy metal (As, Cd, and Pb) were compared with the permissible limits established by the Codex Alimentarius, the Ecuadorian Technical Standard, and MERCOSUR. The mean concentrations of the total heavy metals in sugarcane juice (Saccharum officinarum) were 0.02 ppm for arsenic, 0.05 ppm for cadmium, and 0.21 ppm for lead.
Acceso abierto
Determinación cuantitativa de plomo y cadmio en diez tipos de yuca (Manihot esculenta) comercializados en el mercado del distrito de San Martin de Pangoa, de la ciudad de Satipo, departamento de Junín, de enero–marzo 2017
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2017) De la O Valenzuela, Zenaida Olinda; Quispe Aguirre, Jannet; Cárdenas Orihuela, Robert Armando
This research aimed to quantitatively determine, using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, the concentration levels of lead and cadmium in ten types of cassava (Manihot esculenta) sold at the “San Martin de Pangoa District Market” in the city of Satipo, Junín department, from January to March 2017. The lead levels found had an average of 0.13 ppm, with a minimum value of 0.01 ppm and a maximum value of 0.24 ppm. The cadmium levels found had an average of 0.05 ppm, with a minimum value of 0.01 ppm and a maximum value of 0.09 ppm. The results of the present study indicate that, for the ten types of cassava (Manihot esculenta), 90% exceeded the permissible limit for lead established by the Codex Alimentarius, while 10% did not exceed this limit. Regarding cadmium, 100% of the samples did not exceed the permissible limit set by the Codex Alimentarius. These findings allow us to conclude that the presence of lead in cassava (Manihot esculenta) could have implications for consumer health.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de arsénico, cadmio y plomo en barras de chocolate adquiridas en el centro comercial Polvos Azules de Lima Metropolitana en el periodo enero-febrero 2016
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2017) Velazque Leiva, Miguel Angel; Hernández Aguilar, Manuel Gregorio
The purpose of this thesis is to determine the concentrations of Arsenic, Cadmium and Lead in chocolate bars purchased at the Polvos Azules Shopping Center in Metropolitan Lima. A collection of chocolate brands sold at the Polvos Azules Shopping Center in Metropolitan Lima was carried out, having a total of 10 samples, the analyzes were performed using the atomic absorption spectrophotometry method by hydride generator for Arsenic and by graphite furnace for Cadmium and Lead. Arsenic concentrations ranged from 0.21 mg / kg to 0.47 mg / kg with an average of 0.30 mg / kg, Cadmium concentrations ranged from 0.21 mg / kg to 0.57 mg / kg with an average of 0.34 mg / kg and Lead concentrations ranged from 0.15 mg / kg to 0.28 mg / kg with an average of 0.20 mg / kg. It is concluded that 100% of the chocolate bar samples purchased at the Polvos Azules shopping center in Metropolitan Lima during the period January-February 2016 contained concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, and lead; and did not exceed the maximum permissible concentration established by the Codex Alimentarius for each of these.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de arsénico, cadmio y plomo en especias en polvo: ají paprika (Capsicum annuum, L.), ají panca (Capsicum chinense), pimienta (Piper nigrum) y comino (Cuminum cyminum), expendidos en el Mercado Caquetá – San Martín de Porres, Lima en el periodo enero – 2018
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-12-05) Llallahui Murga, Fiorella Margoth; Quispe Huisa, Luisa; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
The use of aromatic plants and spices in cooking constitutes a basic principle for the application of natural nutrition. Agricultural products can be contaminated with toxic heavy metals, including Arsenic, Cadmium, and Lead. High levels of these metals tend to accumulate in the soil surface, becoming accessible for consumption. The contamination of food products is becoming an inevitable problem, as air, soil, and water pollution contribute to the presence of harmful elements. The analysis of powdered spice samples showed variable concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, and lead in their composition. These values were subsequently compared with the limits established by the WHO.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de arsénico, cadmio y plomo en nueces, almendras y maníes comercializados en el mercado de Caquetá de febrero-julio 2019
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2020-12-17) Mazuelos Alfaro, Héctor Jesús; Albornoz Reyes, Willy Jhonatan; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
The general objective of this study was to quantify Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd) and Lead (Pb) in samples of Walnut (Juglans regia), Almond (Prunus dulcis) and Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) marketed in the Caquetá market during the period from January to July 2019. 15 samples were taken from 5 different stalls in the Caquetá market. The technique used was Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry for Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd). The average values of each 5 samples of nuts for Lead (Pb) were 0.80 mg / Kg in Nuts, 0.66 mg / Kg in Peanuts and 0.72 mg / Kg in Almonds, reaching the average value of Nuts to the limit, exceeding 6 of 15 samples analyzed in a total percentage of 40% the Maximum Permissible Limits established by MERCOSUR (0.80 mg / Kg), The average values of each 5 samples of nuts for Cadmium (Cd) were 0.09 mg / Kg in Nuts, 0.19 mg / Kg in Peanuts and 0.15 mg / Kg in Almonds, not reaching the average value of Peanuts to the limit, exceeding 4 of 15 samples analyzed the Maximum Permissible Limits established by the Heavy Metals Legislation of Switzerland (0.20 mg/kg), with a total percentage of 26.67%. For Arsenic (As) the technique used was Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry with a Hydride Generator. The average values for Arsenic (As) were 0.56 mg/kg for Nuts, 0.72 mg/kg for Peanuts and 0.52 mg/kg for Almonds, with no value reaching the Maximum Permissible Limit, with 1 of 15 samples analyzed exceeding the Maximum Permissible Limits of MERCOSUR (0.80 mg/kg) with a total percentage of 6.67%.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de arsénico, cadmio, plomo y mercurio en quinua (Chenopodium quinoa) expendida en los mercados de La Victoria, durante el período de enero del 2018
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-11-29) Alcocer Santivañez, Eneth Elizabeth; Huamán Huamán, Edith Cindy; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
In this investigation, the concentrations of Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury were determined in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) samples sold in the markets of La Victoria, and it was established whether these concentrations were within permissible limits according to the parameters set by MERCOSUR, the European Union, and Brazilian legislation. The technique used was Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry with Graphite Furnace and Hydride Generator. The average value of Arsenic in the samples was 0.35 ppm, with extreme values of 0.16 and 0.59, with 55% exceeding the maximum permissible limit (MPL) established by MERCOSUR. The average value of Cadmium in the samples was 0.18 ppm, with extreme values of 0.08 and 0.33, with 73% exceeding the MPL established by MERCOSUR and the European Union. The average value of Mercury in the samples was 0.005 ppm, with extreme values of 0.01 and 0.011, with 9% exceeding the MPL established by Brazilian legislation. The average value of Lead in the samples was 0.20 ppm, with extreme values of 0.11 and 0.36, with 45% exceeding the MPL established by MERCOSUR and the European Union. These results indicate that there is high contamination by Arsenic, Cadmium, and Lead in quinoa sold in the markets of La Victoria – January 2018.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de arsénico, cromo, cadmio y plomo en camarones (Cryphiops caementarius) de Calango y Santa Cruz de Flores, abril a octubre del 2020
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-04-13) Roca Esquivel, Rosario; Tello Rojas, Maribel; Ramos Jaco, Antonio Guillermo
The contamination of hydrobiological species in our rivers by heavy metals is a serious and concerning issue, as it endangers the lives of these species and the populations that consume them. Objective: This research aims to determine the concentration of arsenic, chromium, cadmium, and lead in shrimp (Cryphiops caementarius) and the potential health risks for the population of Calango and Santa Cruz de Flores during the period from April to October 2020, due to exceeding the maximum permissible limits according to Brazilian Legislation and the Codex Alimentarius standards. Methodology: This was a quantitative, descriptive, basic-level study with a non-experimental, cross-sectional research design. Atomic absorption flame spectrophotometry and a hydride generator were used. Results: Shrimp samples were collected along the Mala River at 3 points in the Santa Cruz de Flores area and 7 points in the Calango area, for a total of 10 sampling points. The average values obtained were 0.89 mg/kg for arsenic, 0.040 mg/kg for chromium, 0.24 mg/kg for cadmium, and 0.44 mg/kg for lead in the shrimp samples from the designated points. These values did not exceed the maximum permissible limits set by international regulations, including Brazilian Legislation and the Codex Alimentarius, during 2020. Conclusion: The consumption of shrimp was not considered a public health risk for any of these heavy metals—cadmium, chromium, lead, and arsenic. However, due to the values found in the upper range, continuous monitoring of these metals' concentrations in these areas is recommended.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de cadmio, mercurio y plomo en langostinos (Litopenaeus vannamei) procedentes del Terminal Pesquero de Villa María del Triunfo de Lima y de Ventanilla en el Callao durante el periodo marzo–abril 2016
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2017) Inga Reyes, Marilyn Janeth; Miraya Suarez, Mariluz; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
This study determined the concentrations of cadmium, lead, and mercury in shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) sold at the fishing terminals of Villa María del Triunfo in Lima and Ventanilla in Callao during March–April 2016. The technique used for the determination of lead and cadmium was atomic absorption spectrophotometry with a graphite furnace, and a hydride generator was used for mercury. For this work, 20 shrimp units were collected. For lead, an average value of 0.50 mg/kg was found, with extreme values between 0.28 mg/kg and 0.79 mg/kg. 50% of the samples exceeded the permissible limits (LMP) according to the National Fisheries Health Service (SANIPES). For cadmium, the average value was 0.42 mg/kg, with extreme values between 0.24 mg/kg and 0.65 mg/kg. 35% exceeded the permissible limits (LMP) according to SANIPES. For mercury, the average value was 0.19 mg/kg, with extreme values between 0.07 mg/kg and 0.34 mg/kg. This last value did not exceed the maximum permissible limits (LMP) established by SANIPES. The highest metal concentration found in shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) corresponds to lead.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de cadmio, plomo y riesgo toxicológico de cervezas artesanales expendidas en Cercado de Lima, 2023
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2024-01-27) Camac Delgado, Katherine America; Pumayauli Almanza, Lizbeth Milagros; Ramos Jaco, Antonio Guillermo
The present research aimed to “analyze and compare the concentrations of cadmium and lead in craft beers with the maximum permissible limits (MPL) established by MERCOSUR and NTP 211.049, and to assess the toxicological risk for consumers in Cercado de Lima, 2023.” Method: The study was basic, non-experimental, descriptive, and cross-sectional. The instruments used were a data recording sheet and a questionnaire. The selected samples included 30 craft beers and 385 consumers. Cadmium and lead concentrations were determined through laboratory analysis at CICOTOX using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Consumer data were collected via questionnaire, and toxicological risk was assessed using the methodology proposed by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. General data were processed using SPSS version 28 and Microsoft Excel. Results: The mean cadmium concentration found was 0.00047 ppm, and the mean lead concentration was 0.00533 ppm; in no case did the values exceed the maximum limits permitted by NTP 211.049 and MERCOSUR. Regarding toxicological risk assessment, the average value for the cadmium exposure dose indicator was 6.80×10⁻¹⁵ and for lead 3.83×10⁻¹¹; for the hazard index indicator, the result was 6.8×10⁻¹² for cadmium and 6.38×10⁻⁹ for lead. Finally, for the margin of exposure indicator, cadmium had an average value of 1.47×10¹⁸ and lead 6.53×10¹⁰. Conclusion: None of the analyzed samples exceeded the maximum permissible limits and they do not represent a toxicological risk to consumers.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de la alteración de plomo en sangre y su relación con los valores de hemoglobina y hematocrito en niños y adolescentes de 10 -15 años del asentamiento humano Virgen De Guadalupe del distrito de mi Perú-Callao en los meses de julio-setiembre
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2020-10-20) Villanueva Pinedo, Guadalupe Milagros; Romero Carranza, Cinthia Vanessa; Parreño Tipián, Juan Manuel
Determine the alteration of lead in blood and its relationship with hemoglobin and hematocrit values in children and adolescents aged 10-15 years from the Virgen de Guadalupe Human Settlement in the district of Mi Perú-Callao in the months of July-September 2019. Analytical, observational, cross-sectional, prospective correlational design, population and sample 50 children and adolescents. Hematocrit-microcentrifugation, Hemoglobin-cyanomethemoglobin and lead Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy by Graphite Furnace. Lead in blood, average value 2.06 µg / dL, lead levels in men were 2.00 µg / dL and in women 2, 11 µg / dL, 6% of the population had lead poisoning, 10% decreased hemoglobin and 8% decreased hematocrit. Of the 100% of the study population, 6% had lead poisoning, there is a higher value in cases of lead poisoning in men compared to women, there is no relationship between high levels of lead in blood on the ranges of hemoglobin and hematocrit according to the Chi Square test, the p value being = 0.165 in the Pearson Linear Correlation test, it was shown that there is a negative correlation between high lead values and the ranges of hemoglobin and hematocrit.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de la concentración de cadmio y plomo en huevos (clara y yema) de codorniz “Coturnix coturnix” expendidos en mercados más concurridos del distrito de San Martin de Porres en Lima. Junio 2017
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-02-08) Mejía Campos, Yojana Heidy; Quispe Castro, Jenny Albina; Hernández Aguilar, Manuel Gregorio
Heavy metals are among the most widespread environmental contaminants worldwide, with Peru being one of the countries affected due to its extensive mining sector. Currently, Peru lacks regulations regarding permissible limits of these toxic substances in food. The present study aimed to determine the concentration of cadmium and lead in the egg white and yolk of quail eggs (Coturnix coturnix) sold in the busiest markets of the San Martin de Porres district. A total of twenty quail eggs were sampled, and both the egg white and yolk were analyzed together using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The results were then compared with the Mexican Official Standard NOM-159-SSA1-1996 for cadmium (0.05 mg/kg) and the MERCOSUR Technical Regulation for lead (0.1 mg/kg). The results for cadmium ranged from 0.04 mg/kg to 0.14 mg/kg, with a mean of 0.083 mg/kg, where 7 samples (35%) were below the maximum permissible limits, and 13 samples (65%) exceeded the maximum allowable values. Regarding lead, the values ranged from 0.08 mg/kg to 0.26 mg/kg, with a mean of 0.150 mg/kg, where 2 samples (10%) were below the maximum permissible limits, and 18 samples (90%) exceeded the maximum allowable values. In conclusion, the levels of cadmium and lead in quail eggs exceed the maximum permissible limits established by the aforementioned standards.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de liberación cuantitativa de plomo y cadmio en utensilios cerámicos (platos tendidos y hondos menor a un litro) comercializados en Lima Metropolitana en el período mayo–octubre 2014
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2015) Meza Vega, Candy Maruja; Sánchez Campos, Jobita; Churango Valdez, Javier
Consumers are generally unaware of the toxicity of metals used in the production or decoration of ceramic ware, and even less so of the release of lead and cadmium that occurs through continuous use of ceramic plates in contact with food. Due to this issue, the present study was conducted on the “Quantitative determination of lead and cadmium release in ceramic utensils (flat and deep plates under one liter) commercialized in Metropolitan Lima during the period May–October 2014.” A total of 10 samples of deep plates and 10 samples of flat plates were analyzed. For lead in flat plates, the minimum concentration found was 1.02 mg/dm², the maximum 2.05 mg/dm², with an average release of 1.53 mg/dm². In deep plates, the minimum concentration was 2.55 mg/L, the maximum 9.74 mg/L, with an average lead release of 4.48 mg/L. For cadmium in flat plates, the minimum concentration was 0.10 mg/dm², the maximum 0.29 mg/dm², with an average release of 0.17 mg/dm². In deep plates, the minimum concentration was 0.12 mg/L, the maximum 0.71 mg/L, with an average release of 0.29 mg/L. Lead and cadmium levels were determined using the atomic absorption spectrophotometric method.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de plomo y arsénico en desayunos expendidos en puestos de venta ambulatoria en Cercado de Lima. Periodo junio–julio de 2017
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-07-09) Atachagua Bernuy, Shirley Naudy; Gonzales León, Lia Gabriela; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
The present research was carried out to evaluate the concentration of lead and arsenic in 120 samples of basic breakfasts consisting of a glass of quinoa and a bread with vegetable omelet, which were sold at street vending stalls in the Cercado de Lima during the period from June to July 2017. The amount of heavy metals was determined by the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry method using the Graphite Furnace technique. It should be noted that, for the present research, the sample consisting of a basic breakfast included a glass of quinoa and a bread with vegetable omelet, which were analyzed together. The levels of lead found in the quinoa drink samples showed an average of 13.29 ppb and a standard deviation of 7.36, with a minimum value of 4.425 ppb and a maximum value of 31.652 ppb. The bread with vegetable omelet samples showed an average of 12.05 ppb and a standard deviation of 3.74, with a minimum value of 6.425 ppb and a maximum value of 18.456 ppb. The levels of arsenic in both samples were not detected, probably because they were below the quantification limit of the technique or equipment used. The results of the research indicate that, in the quinoa drink and bread with vegetable omelet samples, the parameters of lead and arsenic did not exceed those indicated in the Codex Alimentarius.