Examinando por Materia "Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa"

Mostrando 1 - 3 de 3

Acceso abierto
Diagnostic usefulness of the electrochemiluminescence method versus real-time PCR for hepatitis C diagnosis in a Lima dialysis center, 2018
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2019-12-06) Herrera Crispín, Diana Irma; Peña Santa Cruz, Elma; Navarrete Mejía, Pedro Javier
This study aimed to identify the diagnostic utility of the ECLIA assay method compared to the PCR-RT method for diagnosing Hepatitis C at a dialysis center in Lima in 2018. The study was observational, cross-sectional, and retrospective, analyzing results from dialyzed patients at a renal health center in Lima. The study included results from immunoserological tests using the ECLIA method and PCR-RT for patients with multiple etiologies, excluding samples with questionable or indeterminate immunoserological results, neonatal sera, and patients under 18 years old. The first detection method for HCV was ECLIA technology, and PCR-RT was used as the gold standard. Sensitivity and specificity, PPV, and NPV were calculated to determine the validity and diagnostic security of the ECLIA method compared to PCR-RT.Of 123 patients with results from both tests between January and December 2018, 45% were reactive by ECLIA (55/123) and 17% were detectable by PCR-RT (21/123). Sensitivity was 90% (19 reactive by ECLIA out of 21 detectable by PCR-RT), specificity was 65% (66 non-reactive by ECLIA out of 102 non-detectable by PCR-RT), PPV was 93%, and NPV was 57%. The Cohen Kappa index was 0.34, with a concordance level of 69.1% between both tests, excluding random coincidences. The study concluded that the ECLIA method is highly sensitive and moderately specific for HCV in dialyzed patients, with a high degree of diagnostic security for confirming both sick and healthy patients. The degree of concordance in the diagnosis between ECLIA and the gold standard was moderate.
Acceso abierto
Patrón de clonalidad en aislamientos de Acinetobacter baumannii resistentes a carbapenémicos provenientes de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo, 2021
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2024-07-14) Ramírez Huamaní, Lizzy Judith; Benites Azabache, Juan Carlos
Las infecciones nosocomiales por Acinetobacter baumannii han aumentado en las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI). Este estudio se centró en identificar patrones clonales de cepas resistentes a carbapenémicos aisladas en el Hospital Nacional Dos de Mayo durante el primer semestre del 2021. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y observacional de 54 aislamientos. Se identificaron seis grupos clonales, con predominancia del clon A1, distribuido en todas las UCI. Los aislamientos mostraron alta resistencia a múltiples antibióticos, pero sensibilidad del 100% a colistina, con una notable presencia de aislamientos extremadamente resistentes (XDR). La investigación reveló un incremento en la aparición de grupos clonales entre marzo y mayo, sugiriendo transmisión cruzada en las UCI B y C. Se observó que Acinetobacter baumannii es relevante en neumonías asociadas a ventilación mecánica, por su predominancia en las muestras respiratorias. La falta de datos clínicos limitó el análisis, pero el estudio subraya la urgencia de un uso racional de antimicrobianos y de medidas estrictas de control de infecciones para evitar la propagación de cepas extremadamente resistentes.
Acceso abierto
Phenotypic and molecular characterization of strains producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases isolated from pediatric patients, 2018
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2019-07-30) Ancajima Ballena, Maria Elena; Sotelo Alejos, Rocío Maribel; Benites Azabache, Juan Carlos
The resistance to beta-lactams in the pediatric population has not been previously evaluated in our community. This research aimed to characterize phenotypically and molecularly the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains isolated from pediatric patients during the second semester of 2018. The study was prospective, cross-sectional, and descriptive, involving 30 pediatric patient samples. Data analysis was performed using the SPSS v21.0 statistical package, and tables and graphs were created in MS-Excel 2010. ESBL-producing strains were identified using antimicrobial susceptibility methods and CLSI breakpoint criteria, and the genes blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX were characterized using conventional PCR. Most of the samples analyzed were urine (90%), with E. coli (76%) and K. pneumoniae (10%) being the most frequent bacterial agents. E. coli strains presented the blaCTX gene (87%), the blaTEM gene (83%), and the blaSHV gene (74%). Two strains (66.7%) of K. pneumoniae presented the blaCTX and blaTEM genes simultaneously, and two strains (66.7%) of P. mirabilis presented the blaCTX gene. The phenotypic and molecular characteristics of ESBL-producing strains isolated from pediatric patients indicated bacterial resistance, with the blaCTX gene being the most frequently found.