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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-07-08) Lagos Huachaca, Bike; Rodriguez Granda, Fabiola Selene; Rodriguez Granda, Fabiola
Materials and Methods: Observational and retrospective systematic review, which synthesizes the results of multiple primary investigations. These are an essential part of evidence-based nursing due to their rigorous methodology. In the final selection, 10 articles were chosen. We found that 20% (02) are from Spain, 20% (02) from Mexico, and 60% from Cuba (1), Portugal (1), the USA (1), Germany (1), Korea (1), Japan (1) respectively. Most of the studies are descriptive, with 40%, primarily from Spain and Mexico. Results: Identifying relevant studies, 90% of the 10 reviewed articles agree that if basic and adequate care is provided to the port catheter, complications are reduced by 90%. The search was restricted to articles with full text, and the selected articles were critically reviewed using the GRADE system to assign the strength of recommendations. Conclusions: The systematic review of the 10 articles aimed at nurses agrees in the majority that the essential care includes: correct asepsis, heparinization of the catheter port, use of the catheter between 7 and 15 days after placement, dressing changes every 7 days, and the port catheter prevents peripheral vascular injuries. The procedure must be performed by a trained professional in the field.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-07-08) Rodriguez Granda, Fabiola Selene; Rodriguez Granda, Fabiola
Materials and Methods: Observational and retrospective systematic review, which synthesizes the results of multiple primary investigations. These are an essential part of evidence-based nursing due to their rigorous methodology. In the final selection, 10 articles were chosen. We found that 20% (02) are from Spain, 20% (02) from Mexico, and 60% from Cuba (1), Portugal (1), the USA (1), Germany (1), Korea (1), Japan (1) respectively. Most of the studies are descriptive, with 40%, primarily from Spain and Mexico. Results: Identifying relevant studies, 90% of the 10 reviewed articles agree that if basic and adequate care is provided to the port catheter, complications are reduced by 90%. The search was restricted to articles with full text, and the selected articles were critically reviewed using the GRADE system to assign the strength of recommendations. Conclusions: The systematic review of the 10 articles aimed at nurses agrees in the majority that the essential care includes: correct asepsis, heparinization of the catheter port, use of the catheter between 7 and 15 days after placement, dressing changes every 7 days, and the port catheter prevents peripheral vascular injuries. The procedure must be performed by a trained professional in the field.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-04-24) Huamán Chacón, Alicia; Salcedo Rioja, Mercedes Rita
The purpose of this study was to compare instruments for measuring the level of anxiety toward dental anesthesia in children aged 7 to 11, specifically considering their physiological response. This was a descriptive-comparative, cross-sectional study with a sample of 30 children aged 7 to 11 who required treatment involving local anesthesia. To measure anxiety levels, three questionnaires were administered: the Venham Drawing Test, the Fear Subscale (Children’s Fear Survey Schedule), and the Norman Corah Anxiety Scale (CORAH-M). Blood pressure, pulse, and oxygen saturation were measured before administering anesthesia. The results showed that the Venham Drawing Test was the most specific instrument for measuring anxiety, while the physiological response with the most statistically significant differences was blood pressure. The Modified Corah Test indicated "mild anxiety" in 46% of cases, whereas the Venham Test reported "no anxiety" in 63% of children before anesthesia. The Fear Subscale’s most frequent response was "no fear." It was concluded that the instruments used to measure anxiety toward anesthesia in children aged 7 to 11 are reliable and align with pulse and oxygen saturation levels in each response.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-05-09) Pecho Quito, Adrian Grégori; Garavito Chang, Enna Lucila
The purpose of this study was to determine the prosthetic needs of students aged 15 to 17 from I.E. 116 Abraham Valdelomar, located in the district of San Juan de Lurigancho, Lima, in 2017. A prospective, cross-sectional study was conducted, evaluating 159 students aged 15 to 17 from the fourth and fifth grades of secondary education. The chi-square test was used for result analysis. The findings showed that, out of 159 students examined, only 16.35% of those aged 15 to 17 required prosthetic treatment, while 83.65% did not. Prosthetic needs by age were 27.27% for 17-year-olds, 15.28% for 16-year-olds, and 13.85% for 15-year-olds (p > 0.05). By sex, 17.05% of females and 15.49% of males required prosthetic treatment (p > 0.05). The type of prosthetic need identified among students aged 15 to 17 was fixed prostheses in 100% of those requiring treatment. Regarding the location of the prosthetic need in the jaws, 50% required an upper fixed prosthesis, and the other 50% required a lower fixed prosthesis. No partial or total removable prostheses were needed (p ≤ 0.05). It was concluded that only 16.35% of students aged 15 to 17 required prosthetic treatment, and the type of prosthesis required was fixed prostheses in all cases.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2013) Concepción Javier, Lucinda Emilia; Dalby Morla, Maria Paola Felicita
The research was conducted with the objective of defining the concentration of lead in deciduous dental enamel according to gender, age, and severity. Thirty-five microbiopsies were performed on the dental enamel of 35 children from the Quichas community; the sampling was non-probabilistic and convenient. 100% of the children had lead levels in their dental enamel. The results show lead concentrations ranging from 5.65 to 12.83 μg/g in children between 4 and 6 years of age. A significant relationship was demonstrated between lead concentration and age. It was concluded that the median concentrations are higher as age increases. Regarding the severity of lead concentration, it was found that 94.3% of the children had moderate concentrations (5 μg/g-10 μg/g) and 5.7% had severe concentrations (10 μg/g or higher). However, no statistically significant differences were found according to gender. It is recommended to further study the concentration of lead in dental enamel, analyze lead levels in blood and saliva, conduct studies on permanent teeth, and compare lead concentrations in deciduous and permanent teeth.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-09-27) Laynes Villanueva, Yaqueline Melissa; Céspedes Porras, Jacqueline
The objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of music therapy in reducing dental anxiety in children aged 3 to 5 years attended at PRONOEI "Caritas Felices" Lima, 2018. Anxiety levels were measured using the Facial Image Scale (FIS) at three successive points (before the dental intervention, during the intervention without music therapy, and finally during the dental intervention with music therapy). Additionally, vital signs such as heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) were recorded. This study was analytical, with a quasi-experimental and self-controlled design. The most important findings showed that anxiety levels before the dental appointment ranged from moderate (20.0%) to severe (48.0%). During the dental appointment without music therapy, anxiety levels increased in 60% of the children, with only 40% showing normal anxiety levels. However, during the dental appointment with music therapy, anxiety levels decreased, as 86% of the children presented moderate anxiety levels, and the remaining 14% showed anxiety levels ranging from mild to moderate. Therefore, when the dental intervention was performed without music therapy, anxiety levels increased, although this increase was not statistically significant. In contrast, when music therapy was used, anxiety levels were reduced.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-02-20) Moreano Huamantumpa, Tomás Jesús; Aguirre Morales, Anita Kori
The objective of this research is to determine the effectiveness of the modified Stillman brushing technique in students of the night shift at the Basic Alternative Education Center Peru Birf "República de Bolivia" in 2016. The study is applied, observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive. The sample consisted of 107 student-patients from the Basic Alternative Education Center Peru Birf "República de Bolivia." In the study group, the evaluation by gender showed a greater reduction of dental plaque in females (39%), with a moderate oral hygiene index, while males had a low hygiene index (61%) according to the O'Leary index. Regarding age, the best results were observed in female patients aged 47 to 52 years (4.896), who presented a low hygiene index. In conclusion, according to the results obtained, after the application of the modified Stillman brushing technique, there was a decrease in dental plaque in the evaluated students-patients in 2016, with an average improvement ranging from 100% to 28.8% according to the O'Leary Oral Hygiene Index (Table N Q 01), which can be considered poor. It was demonstrated that oral hygiene improved with the reduction of dental plaque, statistically significant with a p-value of 0.00 (p < 0.005).
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2016-12-01) Gómez Alcalá, Verónica José; Fernández Velazco, Juan Carlos; León, Gina
The distance between the FA point (midpoint of the vestibular axis of the clinical crown) and the WALA Border (anatomic structure located at the mucogingival junction of the lower maxilla) is important for determining the position of the lower maxillary teeth in Element I. These distances, lines, and reference points were described by Lawrence Andrews, who introduced the six keys to optimal occlusion, which have become a standard for evaluating the quality of occlusion in individuals. The evaluation of the vestibular anatomy of these models helped develop the straight arch appliance, which is characterized by providing brackets with three-dimensional information to perform optimal orthodontic treatment in a simpler way, without needing too many bends in the wires. Following these contributions, the philosophy of the six elements of Orofacial Harmony emerged. This analysis is important for personalized diagnostic evaluation of each patient. It is different because these analyses were conducted on people with different morphological characteristics who present different facial patterns and biotypes.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-03-15) Guerrero Méndez, Fressia Ayli; Arellano Sacramento, Cesar
The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of pulp pathologies in patients treated at the endodontics service of the PNP-Angamos Specialized Clinic, Lima, in 2016. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional, retrospective, observational study in which medical records registered in 2016 were reviewed. A total of 656 medical records were examined, meeting the inclusion criteria of individuals aged 19 to 51 and older. Descriptive and inferential statistics (alpha = 0.05) were performed using the SPSS statistical program. It was found that 90.9% of the patients had at least one tooth with pulp pathology, with a higher prevalence in the 51 years and older age group (34.6%). Of these, 53.8% were male, and 37% were female. The most frequently found pulp diagnosis was pulp necrosis (40.2%), followed by symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (27.6%).
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2014) Merino García, Marcos Emilio; Iturria Reátegui, Ingrid Rosa Isabel
The objective of this research was to compare the apical microfiltration level in vitro of three endodontic cements: Grossman, zinc oxide-eugenol, and Endofill, used in root canal obturation. For this purpose, 30 single-rooted teeth were collected and subjected to conventional root canal treatment. Ten teeth were treated with Grossman endodontic cement, ten with zinc oxide-eugenol endodontic cement, and ten with Endofill endodontic cement. The results showed that the zinc oxide-eugenol endodontic cement had an average microfiltration of 2.4 mm; Grossman endodontic cement had an average microfiltration of 1.9 mm; and Endofill endodontic cement had an average microfiltration of 1.3 mm. Conclusion: Endofill endodontic cement showed the lowest risk of apical microfiltration.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-09-19) Contreras Bernal, Maria Fernanda; Girano Castaños, Jorge Alberto
The main objective was to determine the relationship between cognitive level and the presence of dental caries in first permanent molars of children aged 6 to 9 years, treated in the pediatric dentistry department of the Central Military Hospital of Lima, Peru, in 2018. The study was analytical, observational, cross-sectional, and prospective. The sample consisted of 100 parents with their respective children aged 6 to 9 years, selected through probabilistic sampling. A previously validated cognitive level questionnaire and a dental chart were provided. Informed consent was obtained. The hypothesis was tested using Kendall's Tau-b test for a p-value ≤ 0.05 with 95% confidence. The results showed that the cognitive level of the parents regarding dental caries in the first permanent molars of children aged 6 to 9 years was regular [72.0% (72)]; while 14.0% (14) had a good and deficient level. The prevalence of caries in the first permanent molars of children aged 6 to 9 years in the study was 52.0% (52) with a low level, while 24.0% (24) showed moderate and high prevalence, respectively. It is concluded that there is no relationship between the cognitive level of the parents and the prevalence of dental caries in the first permanent molars of children aged 6 to 9 years in the study, and the null hypothesis is accepted.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-08-29) Carrillo Justo, Keyly Deysi; Mezzich Gálvez, Jorge Luis
The present study evaluated the distortion of length in images of dental pieces obtained through conventional and digital radiography, an in vitro study conducted in Lima in 2018. The study was carried out at the Radiological Center of Norbert Wiener University. It is an observational, prospective, cross-sectional study with a descriptive research level. Thirty extracted teeth were used, measured with a caliper, and the measurements were recorded on a data collection form. The teeth were then fixed in a stabilization template with acrylic to standardize the dental position. The paired Student's t-test was applied. Results: No significant differences were found in the measurement of the length of dental pieces in images obtained with conventional radiography and digital radiography compared to the actual measurement of the dental piece. However, highly significant differences (p<0.01) were found in the measurement of the length of dental pieces between conventional radiography and digital radiography. Conclusion: There is no significant distortion in obtaining conventional and digital radiographic images.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-10-09) Ruiz Ahuanari, Elizabeth; Arellano Sacramento, Cesar
This study aims to determine the level of knowledge about oral hygiene measures through a test/questionnaire administered to primigravida or multigravida mothers attending obstetric consultations at the El Progreso Health Center in 2017. Methodology: This was an observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive study. The questionnaire consisted of structured questions (dichotomous and multiple-choice) about knowledge of oral hygiene elements, their functions, oral pathologies related to hygiene, and oral hygiene techniques. Each correct answer was awarded one point. The regular level of knowledge was the most frequent (66.2%). Pregnant women in their third trimester showed a higher level of knowledge (29.3%). Participants with secondary education had the highest level of knowledge (46.8%). Those with up to three prenatal visits demonstrated a higher level of knowledge (36%). Conclusion: Most pregnant women exhibited a regular level of knowledge about oral hygiene.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-03-19) Lévano Rodriguez, Eva Karina; Salcedo Rioja, Mercedes Rita
Dentomaxillary disorders have become the third most common pathology in the oral cavity, generally caused by poor habits. Objectives: To relate dentomaxillary disorders and oral habits in the dentition of students at IEA Salvador, 2017. Materials and Methods: This was an observational, prospective, cross-sectional, and analytical study. The sample consisted of 300 students aged 6 to 12 years from the Adventist Educational Institution Salvador, Lima 2017, who met the inclusion criteria. Dentomaxillary disorders were recorded in a clinical sheet, and oral habits were assessed through a survey answered by the parents. Results: The study found that dentomaxillary disorders were associated with non-nutritive sucking, mouth breathing, and onychophagia habits. It was also found that the atypical swallowing habit (0.11%), age (0.59%), gender (0.14%), and type of dentition (0.31%) were not associated with dentomaxillary disorders. Conclusions: The study concluded that age, gender, and type of dentition did not show any association with dentomaxillary disorders. Additionally, there was no relationship between intermaxillary dentomaxillary disorders and the atypical swallowing habit. However, there was a relationship between intermaxillary dentomaxillary disorders and the habits of non-nutritive sucking, onychophagia, and mouth breathing. Furthermore, a significant association was found between intramaxillary disorders and the habits of non-nutritive sucking, onychophagia, mouth breathing, and atypical swallowing.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2017-11-27) Ormeño Cabrera, Gladys Ashley; Nieto Perea, Patricia
This study evaluated the concordance of Steiner, Ricketts, and the Element II of Andrews' Philosophy cephalometric analyses for determining the antero-posterior relationship of the upper maxilla in patients from the orthodontics second specialty clinic of the Universidad Norbert Wiener during the 2014-II to 2015-I period. It is an observational, prospective, cross-sectional study with a descriptive research level and a community or ecological design for multiple comparisons. Thirty cephalometric tracings were performed, which were evaluated by a single examiner. Each tracing underwent two cephalometric studies, and Element II of Andrews' philosophy was evaluated to determine the antero-posterior position of the upper maxilla. Results: The Steiner cephalometric analysis showed that 53% of patients had maxillary protrusion. The Ricketts cephalometric analysis showed that 57% of patients were within normal limits, and Element II of Andrews' philosophy showed that 60% of patients had maxillary retrusion. Using the Kappa statistical test, the study concluded that there was no concordance between the Steiner and Ricketts analyses (0.01946) for determining the antero-posterior position of the upper maxilla; nor was there concordance between the Element II of Andrews and Steiner cephalometric analysis (0.0865), or between Element II of Andrews and Ricketts cephalometric analysis (0.0948).
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2017) Castillo Chihuán, Jorge Martín; Espino Cumpa, Luis Carlos
The objective of this research was to record the reasons for dental consultations in patients treated at the Central Military Hospital of Peru during the period from 2001 to 2016, as well as to determine the relationship between gender, age group, and whether treatment was provided. The sample consisted of 27,350 medical records from the years 2001 to 2016, and a formula was used to calculate the representative sample, resulting in 380 medical records. Data collected included medical record number, reason for consultation, gender, age, and whether the treatment was performed. The data were recorded in an Excel 2013 database and later processed using SPSS Version 22. Results: The most frequent reason for consultation was evaluation and diagnosis (44%), followed by dental pain (22%), and restorations (10%). The most common reasons for consultation in both males and females were evaluation and diagnosis, with 44.1% and 59%, respectively. In the elderly patient group, the most common reason for consultation was dental prosthetics, with 32.6%. Additionally, 66.32% of patients who attended consultations received treatment, while 33.68% did not.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2015) Sihuay Espinoza, Fiviana Danitsa; Galvez Ramirez, Carlos Michell
The objective of this research was to determine the factors associated with the noise level produced by high and low-speed rotary instruments according to usage time, brand, and maintenance. The study was descriptive, observational, prospective, and cross-sectional. A total of 128 rotary instruments, both high and low speed, were used, and the noise level was measured using a sound level meter during cavity preparation on models with natural teeth. The results showed that the average noise levels of the high and low-speed rotary instruments were below 85 decibels (dB). According to usage time, the highest noise level was found between 4 to 5 years for both types of instruments. By brand, the highest noise level for high-speed rotary instruments was found in brand 1, and for low-speed instruments, it was found in brand 3. Finally, according to maintenance, the highest noise level in both types of instruments was found in those that had not received maintenance. It was concluded that the most frequent factor associated with the noise level produced by high and low-speed rotary instruments was maintenance, and all instruments were below the 85 dB permissible exposure limit regulated by MINSA.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-06-28) Ames Quincho, Gabriela Luz; Aguirre Morales, Anita Kori
The current study aims to determine the effectiveness of plaque control in individuals with orthodontic treatment attending the Orthodontics and Maxillofacial Orthopedics specialty at Norbert Wiener Private University, Lima, 2017. The instrument used was the Greene and Vermillion plaque index. The sample consisted of patients with fixed orthodontic appliances treated at the UPNW Orthodontics and Maxillofacial Orthopedics specialty between August and December 2017. A clinical examination was performed, along with an oral hygiene index using disclosing tablets to record plaque presence before and after a didactic workshop that included an oral hygiene technique. The data obtained were processed using the SPSS program, employing the Chi-square and Wilcoxon tests. The findings showed that before the workshop, 70.1% of the patients had a regular oral hygiene index (IHO) and 29.9% had a poor IHO. After the workshop, the IHO improved to 51.3% good, 46.7% regular, and 2% poor. Additionally, when evaluating the presence of plaque, it was found that before the workshop, the study population had a mean of 1.398 ± 0.403, which was reduced to 0.602 ± 0.412 after the workshop. The study concluded that the didactic workshop was effective in reducing plaque presence in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment at the Orthodontics and Maxillofacial Orthopedics specialty at UPNW, 2017.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-03-01) Cruz Garcia, Digna Ivonny; Garavito Chang, Enna Lucila
The objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of aromatherapy in reducing anxiety levels in children aged 6 to 12 years who received dental care at the National Hospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen. The anxiety level was recorded using the Facial Image Scale (FIS) before and after the tooth extraction procedure. Additionally, vital signs were collected to assess the effect of aromatherapy on heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR). The study design was quasi-experimental, longitudinal, prospective, and applied. The sample consisted of 50 patients of both sexes. Among the most important findings, severe anxiety was observed in a small group of children. The results indicated a difference in the anxiety scales, HR, and RR taken before and after the intervention. It was concluded that aromatherapy helped pediatric dental patients feel lower levels of anxiety during dental treatment and also had a positive effect on their heart rate and respiratory rate, with a statistically significant decrease during pediatric dental treatment.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2017) Cordero Chávez, Carolina Teresa de Jesús; Mezzich Gálvez, Jorge Luis
The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of dental anomalies in form, size, and number in patients aged 4 to 13 years treated at a reference radiological center in 2016. The following materials and methods were used: Permission was obtained from the Radiological Center of Stomatological Images to access panoramic radiographs of patients who visited between January and June 2016. The anomalies in form, size, number, gender, and dental piece were evaluated. Results: The prevalence of dental anomalies in the studied population was 29.8%. Of these, 8.6% were anomalies in form. Fusion was the most prevalent (3.8%), with lateral incisors and canines being the most affected teeth. Additionally, 13.4% of the cases had anomalies in number, with agenesis being the most prevalent (8.6%), mostly affecting the upper second premolar. Finally, 7.7% had anomalies in size, where macrodontia was the most common (5.7%), and the most affected teeth were the lower lateral incisors. According to sex, fusion was more frequent (1.9%) in both males and females for form anomalies. For size anomalies, macrodontia had a higher frequency (4.8%) in males, and for number anomalies, agenesis had a higher frequency (6.7%) in females. Conclusion: In the studied sample of 104 radiographs, the most prevalent anomalies were those related to number, with agenesis being the most frequent (8.6%), predominantly affecting the upper second premolars. The least prevalent anomaly was peg-shaped tooth (0.96%).