Factores relacionados a la inseguridad alimentaria en población migrante venezolana, Lima - Perú 2025

Abstract

Objetivo: Determinar los factores relacionados a la inseguridad alimentaria (IA) en población migrante venezolana en la ciudad de Lima - Perú, según ENPOVE 2022. Metodología: El método fue hipotético deductivo, cuantitativo, con alcance correlacional y diseño no experimental, transversal- observacional, para el análisis estadístico se usó modelo de regresión ordinal y chi cuadrado con corrección de Rao – Scott. Resultados: El 72% (n=1923) de los jefes de hogar padece IA. Ser mujer (β=-0.293; OR ajustado=0.75; IC95%: 0.59–0.95; p< 0.001) ingreso per cápita <930 soles (β=-0.672; OR ajustado=0.51; IC95%: 0.41–0.63; p< 0.001), si no registró su entrada regular al país (β=-0.427; OR ajustado=0.653; IC95%: 0.497 - 0.855; p<0.001), tener permiso temporal o carecer (β= 0.472; OR ajustado=0.624; IC95%: 0.409-0.951; p<0.001) presentaron mayor probabilidad de IA. En contraste, tener empleo formal (β=0.530; OR ajustado=1.70; IC95%: 1.27–2.28; p=0.002), no padecer enfermedad crónica (β=0.466; OR ajustado=1.59; IC 95%: 1.21–2.09; p=0.0012), no sentirse un extraño (β=0.540; OR=1.716; IC95%: 1.246–2.364; p<0.001), no sentirse aislado (β=0.491; OR=1.634; IC95%: 1.135–2.352; p<0.001) presentaron menor probabilidad de IA. Conclusiones: Ser mujer, ingreso < 930 nuevos soles y migración irregular está asociado a una mayor probabilidad de IA, contrario a tener seguro EsSalud o privado, no padecer enfermedad crónica y tener empleo formal, no sentirse como extraño ni aislado está asociado a menor probabilidad de IA.

Objective: To determine the factors related to food insecurity (FI) in the Venezuelan migrant population in the city of Lima, Peru, according to ENPOVE 2022. Methodology: The method was hypothetical deductive, quantitative, correlational in scope, and non-experimental, with a cross-sectional observational design. An ordinal regression model and chi-square with Rao-Scott correction were used for statistical analysis. Results: Seventy-two percent (n = 1,923) of heads of household suffer from AI. Being female (β=-0.293; adjusted OR=0.75; 95% CI: 0.59-0.95; p<0.001) and having a per capita income <930 soles (β=-0.672; adjusted OR=0.51; 95% CI: 0.41-0.63; p< 0.001), not registering their regular entry into the country (β=-0.427; adjusted OR=0.653; 95% CI: 0.497 - 0.855; p<0.001), having a temporary permit or lacking one (β=-0.472; adjusted OR=0.624; 95% CI: 0.409-0.951; p<0.001) were more likely to have IA. Conversely, having formal employment (β = 0.530; adjusted OR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.27–2.28; p = 0.002), not having chronic diseases (β = 0.466; adjusted OR = 1.59; 95% CI: 1.21-2.09; p = 0.0012), not feeling like a stranger (β = 0.540; OR = 1.716; 95% CI: 1.246-2.364; p < 0.001), not feeling isolated (β = 0.491; OR = 1.634; 95% CI: 1.135. Conclusions: Being female, having an income < 930 nuevos soles, and being an irregular migrant are associated with a higher probability of IA, unlike having EsSalud or private insurance, not suffering from chronic diseases, and having formal employment. Not feeling like a stranger or isolated is associated with a lower probability of IA.