Artículos Científicos
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Publicación Acceso abierto Sexuality in people living with a serious mental illness: A meta-synthesis of qualitative evidence(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2020-09-03) Hortal-Mas, Roger; Moreno-Poyato, Antonio Rafael; Granel-Giménez, Nina; Roviralta-Vilella, Maria; Watson-Badia, Carolina; Gómez-Ibáñez, Rebeca; Aguayo-González, Mariela Patricia; Giménez-Díez, David; Bernabeu-Tamayo, Maria Dolores; Leyva-Moral, Juan Manuel“Introduction: Sexuality-related nursing care is scarce and mainly focuses on biological issues. There is also a lack of knowledge about how serious mental illnesses affect sexuality. Aim: To explain how people with a serious mental illness perceive and experience their sexuality Method: A meta-synthesis was conducted to integrate qualitative studies. Four databases were used to perform the search, focused in the last ten years. Nine articles were included, and their results analysed thematically. Results: Four categories were identified: ““Pathologized sexuality,““ which explains how the disorder and treatment affect sexuality; ““Not my sexuality anymore,” which describes feelings emerging from the perceived limitations and the role of self-acceptance; “Learning to manage intimate relationships,” which explains the desire to establish intimate personal relationships and define their meaning; and ““Reconstructing my sexuality,““ which elucidates the influence of the environment on sexuality. Discussion: Sexuality is influenced by several factors, the main ones being: the clinical complications, the side effects of drug treatment, the social support, the relationship with the health sector and stigma. Implications for practice: Having a serious mental illness affects sexuality and can provoke suffering and social isolation. Mental health services should address this issue and carry out community interventions to reduce stigma.“Publicación Acceso abierto Características laborales y académicas de los recursos humanos del sistema de salud en ocho países de Latinoamérica(Universidad de Antioquia, 2021-01-28) Mejía, Christian R.; Chacón, Jhosselyn L.; Serrano, Felipe T.; Antón-Montero, Vicente; Gavilema-Tipantuña, Danny; orge, Marian J; Garay, Edwin; Estupiñán, Andrea; Madrigal-Miranda, Jason F.Introducción: la mayoría de las investigaciones muestran la situa-ción de los recursos humanos del sistema de salud en países primer-mundistas, por lo que es necesario caracterizar nuestra realidad lati-noamericana en este aspecto.Objetivo: caracterizar el tipo de trabajo y la formación de posgrado de los recursos humanos del área de salud en ocho países de Latino-américa.Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo a través de encuestas au-toaplicadas sobre las características de los centros de labores y capa-citaciones de posgrado que se han tenido.Resultados: de las 1.283 personas que respondieron la encuesta, el 87,1 % laboraba en un hospital (salario promedio mensual: 840 dó-lares), el 23,3 % también lo hacía en una clínica (salario promedio mensual: 1.200 dólares). Además, solo el 20,5 % trabajaba en un esta-blecimiento del primer nivel de atención (salario promedio mensual: 420 dólares). El 31,2 % había realizado un curso de posgrado, el 23,2 % un diplomado, el 17,8 % una maestría y, el 5,1 %, un doctorado.Conclusiones: los recursos humanos en salud trabajan principalmen-te en hospitales con sueldos diferentes según el lugar donde laboran. Los médicos son los que tienen mayor remuneración, pero en el sec-tor privado las diferencias son menos marcadas. Menos de la tercera 22IATREIA Vol 35(1) enero-marzo 2022parte han hecho cursos u otras actividades académi-cas culminadas hace ya varios años. Esto sirve para la mejora de las características laborales y de capa-citación.Publicación Acceso abierto “Motivación de logro general y rendimiento académico en estudiantes cubanos de Estomatología“(Editorial Ciencias Medicas, 2021-03-08) Corrales Reyes, Ibraín Enrique; Mamani Benito, Oscar; Apaza Tarqui, Edison Effer; Mejia, Christian R.“Introducción: La periodontitis apical asintomática es de los diagnósticos endodónticos más comunes que se presentan en la población mundial. Consiste en la afectación del tejido periapical como resultado de la activación de mecanismos de inflamación, los que incluyen lisis y reabsorción de tejidos de soporte como cemento, ligamento y hueso alveolar. El signo patognomónico de la periodontitis apical es la presencia de radiolucidez periapical, resultado de la destrucción de los tejidos periapicales. Su principal tratamiento abarca el manejo endodóntico convencional cuyo objetivo es la eliminación de los irritantes locales dentro del conducto radicular. Sin embargo, cuando se desarrollan lesiones de gran tamaño es necesario complementar con terapias que aceleren la reparación, una de ellas la descompresión, la cual a partir de la reducción de la presión intralesión e intraósea con lo que favorece la formación de tejido fibroso, conectivo y óseo. Objetivo: Describir la técnica de descompresión intraconducto en el manejo de lesiones periapicales de gran tamaño. Presentación del caso: Paciente de 33 años de edad, con diagnóstico de periodontitis apical asintomática y evaluación tomográfica de lesión periapical de gran tamaño (67,5 UH) manejado con terapia endodóntica convencional y descomprensión intraconducto como terapia coadyuvante. Posterior a la restauración se realizaron controles clínicos y radiográficos. A los 24 meses se evidenció reparación de los tejidos involucrados con restauración del espacio del ligamento periodontal. Conclusiones: En este caso, la terapia descomprensiva fue una alternativa en el manejo de una lesión periapical de gran tamaño, que permitió regular la presión intraósea y facilitar la regeneración del tejido óseo, evitando la intervención quirúrgica siendo así más confortante para el paciente. “Publicación Acceso abierto Geographic and socioeconomic inequalities in cesarean birth rates in Peru: A comparison between 2009 and 2018(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2021-07-08) Hernández-Vásquez, Akram; Chacón-Torrico, Horacio; Bendezu-Quispe, GuidoBackground There is a global concern about the high rates of cesarean birth (CB). This study aimed to investigate the geographic and socioeconomic inequalities in CB rates in the Peruvian population. Methods We conducted a population-based study using the Peruvian Demographic and Family Health Surveys (ENDES, the Spanish acronym for Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar) between 2009 and 2018. ENDES reported data from births registered in the five years preceding survey execution. For the years 2009 (n = 10 289) and 2018 (n = 23 077), we calculated the weighted rates of CB among variables such as natural geographic domain (Coast, Andean, or Amazon), area of residence (rural or urban), wealth index quintile (quintile 1 is poorest, and quintile 5 is richest), and educational level. To assess inequalities, we calculated the concentration index (CIs), the slope index of inequality (SII), and the relative index of inequality (RII). Results The CB rates by year were 21.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 20.0-22.9) in 2009 and 34.5% (95% CI: 33.4-35.5) in 2018. Women living in urban and coastal regions and with a higher education level had the highest CB rates. All the CIs were positive, reflecting a prowealthy inequality in CB rates, and both SII and RII were positive, indicating a gap between the use of cesarean in women in the higher wealth quintile compared with those in the lower quintile. Conclusions Cesarean birth rates have increased by 60% during the last decade in Peru. The richest wealth quintiles had the highest CB rates during the study years, which were well above global recommendations.Publicación Acceso abierto Automedicación y riesgo de abuso con benzodiacepinas en pacientes adultos Lima-Perú, 2019(Sociedad de Neurologia Psiquiatria y Neurocirugia, 2021-09-26) Cabanillas-Tejada, John K.; Allpas-Gómez, Henry L.; Brito-Nuñez, Jesús D.; Mejia, Christian R.“Introduction: Benzodiazepines have the potential to generate abuse, so an indiscriminate consumption, through the sale without prescription and the practice of self-medication, would mean a high risk due to their abuse. Objective: To establish the relationship between self-medication with benzodiazepines and the risk of abuse that requires treatment in adult patients of Hospital San Juan de Lurigancho, 2019. Methodology: It was an observational, correlational descriptive, transversal and prospective study. The sample size was 874 participants (95.0% confidence level; 80% power). Sampling was performed nonrandomly. A survey was used to determine demographics, benzodiazepine use, and questions of Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). Results: Of the study population, the most prevalent demographic data were female sex (74.5%), the median age was 52 years (interquartile range: 40-62 years), the age range 50-59 years (26.43%), married marital status (31.6%), secondary education level (48.4%) and occupation as a housewife (47.3%). Of adults studied, 485 were considered as consumers of benzodiazepines with prescription and 389 consumers without a prescription. Prescription and nonprescription consumers needing treatment were 129 (26.60%) and 245 (62.98%), respectively (p <0.001). Conclusion: There is a higher prevalence of people who need treatment for abuse in consumers without a prescription than in the group of consumers with a prescription so there is a significant relationship between self-medication with benzodiazepines and the risk of abuse that requires treatment in study population.“Publicación Acceso abierto Measuring the Protective Effect of Health Insurance Coverage on Out-of-Pocket Expenditures During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Peruvian Population(Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 2021-11-07) Hernández-Vásquez, Akram; Rojas-Roque, Carlos; Barrenechea-Pulache, Antonio; Guido Bendezú-QuispeAbstract Background: Health insurance coverage is expected to protect individuals from out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures, potentially preventing them from falling into poverty. However, to date, the effect of health insurance on OOP spending during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has not been fully explored. This study aimed to estimate differences in the proportion and the amount of OOP expenditures among Peruvians during the pre- and post-mandatory lockdown response to COVID-19 in 2020 according to the health insurance coverage status. Methods: This study utilized repeated cross-sectional data from the National Household Survey on Living and Poverty Conditions (ENAHO) from the first quarter of 2017 until the fourth quarter of 2020. The outcomes were (i) the proportion of individuals who incurred OOP expenditures and (ii) the monetary value of OOP expenditures. An interrupted time series analysis (ITS) and a quasi-experimental difference-in-difference (DID) analysis were performed to examine the outcomes among the control (individuals without health insurance) and treatment groups (individuals with health insurance) after the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: ITS analysis showed that the proportion of individuals reporting OOP expenditures after implementation of mandatory lockdown due to COVID-19 in Peru decreased in both groups, but no difference in the slope trend was found (P=.916). The average quarterly amount of OOP spending increased in both groups, but no difference in the slope trend was found (P=.073). Lastly, the DID analysis showed that the mandatory lockdown was associated with a higher amount of OOP, but there was no evidence to indicate that the higher amount was different between the control and treatment groups. Conclusion: The mandatory lockdown in response to the COVID-19 was associated with a higher amount of OOP expenditures and a lower likelihood of incurring OOP expenditures. However, our findings suggest that health insurance coverage does not lower OOP expenditures or reduce the likelihood of incurring OOP expenditures.Publicación Acceso abierto Determinantes de la satisfacción laboral en un establecimiento de salud durante el estado de emergencia sanitaria, Perú(UNIV PERUANA UNION, 2021-11-08) Mendoza-Briceño, Edmer; Guerrero Bejarano, María Auxiliadora; Carhuancho-Mendoza, Irma; Nolazco-Labajos, Fernando; Daniel Silva SiuEn la presente investigación se examinaron los factores determinantes de la satisfacción laboral en un establecimiento de salud durante el estado de emergencia sanitaria en Perú. Se realizaron encuestas a 244 colaboradores de las diferentes áreas del establecimiento de salud. El estudio se realizó bajo el enfoque cuantitativo y de diseño ex post facto. La técnica de recopilación de datos fue la encuesta, la que se aplicó en el mes de agosto del 2020, cuando los casos de Covid 19 iban en aumento. Para la contrastación de la hipótesis se aplicó la regresión jerárquica por pasos, donde se determinó dos modelos que expliquen la satisfacción laboral. El primer modelo explica que la satisfacción laboral depende del burnout en un 20.4%, con una potencia de 0.996; mientras que el segundo modelo explica la satisfacción laboral por el burnout y la motivación en un 28.7%, con una potencia de 0.99. Por lo tanto, en la investigación se confirmó que las determinantes de la satisfacción laboral son el burnout y la motivación según los colaboradores del establecimiento de salud durante el estado de emergencia sanitaria.Publicación Acceso abierto How much Fear of COVID-19 is There in Latin America? A Prospective Exploratory Study in Six Countries(Modestum LTD, 2021-12-02) Moya-Salazar, Jeel; Cañari, Betsy; Contreras-Pulache, HansIntroduction: During the unprecedented lockdown, COVID-19 is causing people to suffer from mental disorders in response to strict containment measures. Latin America is the third most severely affected continent, and restrictive measures can have many negative effects on mental health (such as anxiety, depression, and stress) that may arise with fear. We aimed to measure the spread of fear of COVID-19 in the Latin American population. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective study in 535 participants of six countries of Latin America (Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico, and Peru), and a country of Europe (Spain) as a control, during 2020. We used the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. Results: The mean age was 31.2±13.2 years (70.8% under 30 years) and the majority were women (57.9%) and 76.6% had a technical, university, or postgraduate studies. Seven percent of participants had high rates of fear of COVID-19, these high estimates of fear were observed in Argentines (14.3%, score range: 28-31%), of Peruvians (10.2%, score range: 27-35%), and Mexicans (5.7%, score range: 27-29%). Both Peru (p=0.003) and Mexico (p=0.0001) showed significant differences from the control country. We showed low levels of fear in 57.1%, 45.5%, 42.9%, and 41.2% of Argentines, Colombians, Bolivians, and Peruvians, respectively. No differences in low levelsof fear we found among age groups (p> 0.05), however, we find differences between genders (p=0.001). Conclusions: These results suggested low levels of fear in six Latin American countries, highlighting the need to contextualize fear behavior as a key element in people’s psychological well-being and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.Publicación Acceso abierto How much Fear of COVID-19 is There in Latin America? A Prospective Exploratory Study in Six Countries(Modestum LTD, 2021-12-02) Moya-Salazar, Jeel; Cañari, Betsy; Contreras-Pulache, Hans“Introduction: During the unprecedented lockdown, COVID-19 is causing people to suffer from mental disorders in response to strict containment measures. Latin America is the third most severely affected continent, and restrictive measures can have many negative effects on mental health (such as anxiety, depression, and stress) that may arise with fear. We aimed to measure the spread of fear of COVID-19 in the Latin American population. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective study in 535 participants of six countries of Latin America (Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico, and Peru), and a country of Europe (Spain) as a control, during 2020. We used the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. Results: The mean age was 31.2±13.2 years (70.8% under 30 years) and the majority were women (57.9%) and 76.6% had a technical, university, or postgraduate studies. Seven percent of participants had high rates of fear of COVID-19, these high estimates of fear were observed in Argentines (14.3%, score range: 28-31%), of Peruvians (10.2%, score range: 27-35%), and Mexicans (5.7%, score range: 27-29%). Both Peru (p=0.003) and Mexico (p=0.0001) showed significant differences from the control country. We showed low levels of fear in 57.1%, 45.5%, 42.9%, and 41.2% of Argentines, Colombians, Bolivians, and Peruvians, respectively. No differences in low levels of fear we found among age groups (p> 0.05), however, we find differences between genders (p=0.001). Conclusions: These results suggested low levels of fear in six Latin American countries, highlighting the need to contextualize fear behavior as a key element in people’s psychological well-being and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.“Publicación Acceso abierto COVID-19 symptomatology and compliance with community mitigation strategies in Latin America early during the COVID-19 pandemic(Elsevier Inc., 2021-12-10) Herrera-Anazco, Percy; Urrunaga-Pastor, Diego; Benites-Zapata, Vicente A.; Bendezu-Quispe, Guido; Toro-Huamanchumo, Carlos J.; Hernandez, Adrian V.Introduction: Community mitigation strategies (CMS) have demonstrated to be effective in the reduction of transmission and incidence of COVID-19, especially in the population with symptoms associated with the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the presence of COVID-19 symptoms and adherence to CMS in Latin American adults. Methods: We carried out a secondary analysis of a database developed by the University of Maryland and Facebook social network during the COVID-19 pandemic. We included Latin American adults that used the Facebook platform and participated in a survey conducted from April 23 to May 23, 2020. The principal outcome variable was reported compliance with the three main CMS (physical distancing, use of face masks, and hand washing). The exposure variable included symptoms suspicious for COVID-19 defined as the presence of three or more symptoms of an acute clinical case of COVID-19. We performed generalized linear models of the Poisson family with a logarithmic link function to evaluate the association between the presence of COVID-19 symptoms and reported compliance with CMS. We calculated crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) with their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: We analyzed 1,310,690 adults from Latin America; 48.1% were male and 42.9% were under 35 years of age. The prevalence of suspicious symptoms of COVID-19 was 18.5% and reported compliance with the three CMS was 45.3%. The countries with the highest proportion of reported compliance with the three CMS were Peru, Bolivia and Panama, while those with the lowest reported compliance were Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Honduras. In the adjusted model, people with suspicious symptoms for COVID-19 had a 14% lower compliance with the three CMS (aPR = 0.86; 95%CI: 0.85–0.87; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Less than half of the participants complied with the CMS, and those presenting suspicious symptoms for COVID-19 had lower reported compliance with the three CMS.Publicación Acceso abierto Sociodemographic Predictors Associated with the Willingness to Get Vaccinated against COVID-19 in Peru: A Cross-Sectional Survey(MDPI, 2021-12-30) Vizcardo, David; Figueroa Salvador, Linder; Nole-Vara, Arian; Pizarro Dávila, Karen; Alvarez-Risco, Aldo; Yáñez, Jaime A.; Mejia, Christian R.During the race for the development of a vaccine against COVID-19, even before itscommercialization, part of the population has already shown a growing fear of its application. Wedesigned an analytical cross-sectional study using an anonymous survey in the 25 departmentsof Peru. We surveyed whether the participants were planning on getting vaccinated, as well asother characteristics that were cross-checked in a uni-, bi- and multivariate manner. Of the 1776respondents, 70% (1251) stated that they were planning to be vaccinated, 20% (346) did not knowyet or doubted it, and 10% (179) did not want to be vaccinated. We observed that those who did notget infected with COVID-19 exhibited a higher frequency to not wanting or were uncertain aboutgetting vaccinated (aPR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.09–1.81;p-value = 0.008). In contrast, there was a lowerfrequency of vaccine refusal among university students (aPR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.61–0.92;p-value = 0.005)and healthcare workers (aPR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.44–0.80;p-value = 0.001); adjusted by place of residence.There is still an important percentage of respondents who do not want to be vaccinated or are hesitantto do it, which was associated with educational level, being a healthcare worker and if they werepreviously infected with COVID-19. Our results could offer useful information about COVID-19vaccination campaigns.Publicación Acceso abierto Sociodemographic Predictors Associated with the Willingness to Get Vaccinated against COVID-19 in Peru: A Cross-Sectional Survey(MDPI, 2021-12-30) Vizcardo, David; Figueroa Salvador, Linder; Nole-Vara, Arian; Pizarro Dávila, Karen; Alvarez-Risco, Aldo; Yáñez, Jaime A.; Mejia, Christian R.During the race for the development of a vaccine against COVID-19, even before itscommercialization, part of the population has already shown a growing fear of its application. Wedesigned an analytical cross-sectional study using an anonymous survey in the 25 departmentsof Peru. We surveyed whether the participants were planning on getting vaccinated, as well asother characteristics that were cross-checked in a uni-, bi- and multivariate manner. Of the 1776respondents, 70% (1251) stated that they were planning to be vaccinated, 20% (346) did not knowyet or doubted it, and 10% (179) did not want to be vaccinated. We observed that those who did notget infected with COVID-19 exhibited a higher frequency to not wanting or were uncertain aboutgetting vaccinated (aPR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.09–1.81;p-value = 0.008). In contrast, there was a lowerfrequency of vaccine refusal among university students (aPR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.61–0.92;p-value = 0.005)and healthcare workers (aPR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.44–0.80;p-value = 0.001); adjusted by place of residence.There is still an important percentage of respondents who do not want to be vaccinated or are hesitantto do it, which was associated with educational level, being a healthcare worker and if they werepreviously infected with COVID-19. Our results could offer useful information about COVID-19vaccination campaigns.Publicación Acceso abierto “The Monkeypox Fear Scale: development and initial validation in a Peruvian sample “(BioMed Central Ltd, 2022) Caycho‑Rodríguez, Tomás; Vilca, Lindsey W.; Carbajal‑León, Carlos; Gallegos, Miguel; Reyes‑Bossio, Mario; Noe‑Grijalva, Martin; Delgado‑Campusano, Mariel; Muñoz‑del‑Carpio‑Toia, Águeda“Background: Fear is one of the basic emotions generated during periods of infectious diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop and validate a scale that assesses monkeypox fear, the Monkeypox Fear Scale (MFS). Methods: A total of 451 Peruvians participated (61% women and 39% men), with a mean age of 28.31 years (SD=9.72). based on procedures from classical test theory (CTT) and item response theory (IRT). Classical Test Theory (CTT) and Item Response Theory (IRT) procedures were used. Results: The results showed that MFS has a two-factor structure related to emotional and physiological fear fac‑ tors (χ2=41.87; df=12; p<.001; CFI=.99; TLI=.99; RMSEA=.074 [IC90% .051–.100]). In addition, the physiological and emotional factors showed good reliability. Measurement invariance analysis showed that the factor structure of the MFS is strictly invariant between male and female groups. Finally, the discrimination and difculty parameters of the items show adequacy. In addition, the scale seems to be more accurate in measuring high levels of fear of monkeypox. Conclusion: The MFS has adequate psychometric evidence to assess fear of monkeypox in the Peruvian population. These fndings may guide future studies related to the consequences of monkeypox on mental health.“Publicación Acceso abierto “Attitudes towards Research in Higher Education Students“(ResearchTrentz Academy Publishing Education Services, 2022) Camacho Torre, Julissa; Balcázar Medina, Gaby; Chumpitaz Cáceres, María Zoila; Robalino Sánchez, Karla; Palacios Garay, Jessica Paola“In recent years, there have been positive changes in teaching and research; however, these are insufficient. The responsibility falls on the university, the undeniable center of knowledge, since it must embrace teaching and research, and transform it so that it results in the greatest economic, political and social development of the country. The objective was to know the attitude towards research in Education students of a national university in Metropolitan Lima 2022. The sample consisted of 110 students from the Faculty of Education during the year 2022. The information was collected through the version revised scale of attitudes towards research (EACIN). The results indicated that 70% had a bad attitude towards research; 21.8%, regular level and 8.2%, good attitude. Interest in research was similar between the fair and poor levels, 45.5% and 42.7%, respectively; only 11.8% presented a good level. 68.2% showed a poor vocation for research; 25.5%, regular level and 6.4%, good. The evaluation of the investigation had the highest percentage in the bad level, 81.8%; regular level with 14.5% and good valuation 3.6%.“Publicación Acceso abierto “Conocimiento sobre la valoración de hematíes dismórficos en sedimento urinario en profesionales de laboratorio clínico de Lima metropolitana“(Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2022) Saldaña-Orejón, Italo Moisés“Introducción: A pesar de la existencia de directrices internacionales para la correcta valoración de la hematuria dismórfica, es frecuente que su categorización presente mucha variabilidad, inclusive entre los profesionales del mismo laboratorio. Objetivo: Determinar el nivel de conocimiento de profesionales tecnólogos médicos para la valoración de hematíes dismórficos en sedimento urinario. Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal observacional. Se aplicó un instrumento de medición para evaluar el conocimiento sobre la fase preanalítica y analítica de la valoración de hematíes dismórficos en sedimento urinario a 113 profesionales con más de tres años de experiencia en el área de uroanálisis y que laboran en centros hospitalarios estatales y privados. Resultados. La media del puntaje obtenido fue de 5,4±1,9 de 10 puntos posibles; El 85,0% de los encuestados presento un conocimiento medio e insuficiente y solo el 15,0% un conocimiento avanzado; Se observo asociación entre los niveles de conocimiento y años de experiencia (p=0,006), no se evidenció asociación significativa con la variable sexo (p=0,791) y sedes hospitalarias (p=0,888). Discusión: Se evidenció un bajo conocimiento en los dominios preanalíticos y analíticos para la valoración de hematíes dismórficos, además de una asociación significativa entre el nivel de conocimiento y los años de experiencia del profesional. “Publicación Acceso abierto “Design of a Mobile Application for the Logistics Process of a Fire Company“(Science and Information Organization, 2022) Parra Aquije, Luis Enrique; Vasquez Carranza, Luis Gustavo; Alfaro Pena, Gustavo Bernnet; Cabanillas-Carbonell, Michael; Andrade-Arenas, Laberiano“Currently, the logistics process is an important part for any company because it helps to manage the assets and products that enter and leave it. Some companies carry out this process physically, saving the information on sheets of paper or Excel files, which takes longer to do and is not at the forefront of how companies do it, which is by using mobile applications to improve this process. Likewise, it has been decided to implement a mobile application with the aim of improving the logistics process in the Callao No. 15 fire company. For the elaboration of the application, the RUP methodology was used to do it in a more optimal way, in the end, a survey of experts in Google Forms was conducted, addressed to 10 experts to know the evaluation of the mobile application. In the end, a favorable result was obtained from the opinion of the experts on the mobile application; 70% of the respondents indicate that the usability of the mobile application has a “Very high” level;it can be seen that 80% of respondents indicate that the presentation of the mobile the application has a “Very high” level; it can be seen that 90% of the respondents indicate that the functionality of the mobile application has a “Very high” level; besides,it can be seen that 80% of the respondents indicate that the security of the mobile application has a “Very high” level.“Publicación Acceso abierto Mobile Application Design: Sale of Clothes Through Electronic Commerce(Science and Information Organization, 2022) Jauregui-Velarde, Raul; Conde Arias, Franco Gonzalo; Herrera Salazar, José Luis; Cabanillas-Carbonell, Michael; Andrade-Arenas, Laberiano“During the COVID-19 pandemic, small clothing sales companies lost economic income and customers due to a lack of digital transformation, causing the dismissal of many employees. Due to this problem, our objective is to design an ecommerce mobile application for the sale of clothes, so that Small and medium-sized enterprises dedicated to this area generate income and retain their customers. For this, the Rational Unified Process (RUP) methodology was applied, because this methodology provides a structured way for companies or developers to visualize the development of the software, and for the validation by expert judgment, the survey and the questionnaire were used as instruments. Obtaining as a result a positive rating for the design of the mobile application and its acceptance to accommodate what is reflected. In conclusion, the e-commerce mobile application was successfully designed, backed by expert judgment, so that Small and medium-sized enterprises can offer their products and generate income, as well as build customer loyalty. “Publicación Acceso abierto Suicidality Scale: Psychometric Evidences in Peruvian Adolescents(Universidad del Zulia, 2022) Baños-Chaparro, J.; Reyes-Arquiñego, M.Quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study, whose objective was to analysethe sources of evidence of validity of the Suicidality Scale (SS) in Peruvian adolescents. 319 adolescents residing in the province of Ica -Peru participated, who answered the SS virtually. Structural Equation Modelling(SEM) and Item Response Theory (IRT) were applied in the statistical analysis. Results: 21% indicated that they had suicidal thoughts during the first wave of Covid-19. Likewise, the SS evidence a one-dimensional structure (CFI = .99, RMSEA = .05 [90% CI: .00-.13], SRMR = .02), acceptable reliability (ω= .87 and H = .96), suitable parameter values (αand β) and latent trait information (Ɵ), being useful in people with high levels of suicidality. Therefore, the SS proves to be a reliable, accessible and practical instrument to evaluate suicidality in Peruvian adolescents.Publicación Acceso abierto PERCEPTION OF KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS COVID-19 IN A GROUP OF CITIZENS FROM THE URBAN AREA OF HUÁNUCO(MDPI, 2022) Ruiz-Aquino, Mely; Díaz-Lazo, Anibal Valentín; Ubillús, Milward; Aguí-Ortiz, Alejandrina Kibutz; Rojas-Bravo, VioletaThe COVID-19 pandemic has caused a crisis in health systems around the world with a rapid increase in human contagion. As well, a gap is identified in the knowledge of COVID-19 prevention in the community context. Objective: To determine the relationship between the perception of knowledge and the type of attitudes towards COVID-19 among citizens in the urban area of Huánuco, Peru. Methods: An analytical and cross-sectional study using a quantitative approach was conducted in the city of Huánuco between March and May 2020. The sample consisted of 168 people. A perception of knowledge questionnaire and a previously validated COVID-19 attitude scale have been applied. The chi-square test was applied, a p-value less than 0.05 has been taken into account. Results: When analyzing the perception of knowledge about COVID-19, 62.5% (105) said “they feel they do not know”. The analysis of the type of attitudes viewed by citizens towards COVID-19 revealed that 63.1% (106) of respondents had negative attitudes. Statistically significant association was found between the perception of knowledge and the type of attitudes towards COVID-19 (p<0.005). Conclusions: There is a relationship between the perception of knowledge and the type of attitudes toward COVID-19 among a group of citizens from the Huanuco urban area.Publicación Acceso abierto Methodology for muscle recovery, through motor imagery techniques applying virtual reality(Institute of Physics, 2022) Ovalle, Christian; Cordova-Buiza, Franklin; Linares, Oscar; Auccahuasi, Aly; Romero Echevarría, Martha; Meza, Sandra; Urbano, Kitty; Barrera Loza, Ana; Figueroa Revilla, Jorge; Bernardo, Grisi“Recovery of movement is a long and hard process for patients. One of the most common problems that occurs is the so-called ““phantom limb““, which induces the body to feel strange due to the failure to use the injured limb. This process is due to the lack of use of the leg that in most cases is fractured and the long recovery time, so the use of crutches makes the body in conjunction with the brain understand that normal movement of the body is with the leg suspended and always with the help of crutches. In the present work a technique for the retraining of the brain is presented by means of which the brain is taught through the presentation of images if it corresponds to the right and left side of the arms and legs. This retraining makes it possible for the brain to understand the coordinated movement between the arms and legs. In addition to the use of virtual reality, through the OCULUS GEST II lenses, allowing maximum concentration, the results allow to improve the recovery time of patients, the technique can be used both in rehabilitation centers and in the patient's own home patient.“