Artículos Científicos
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Publicación Acceso abierto Sexuality in people living with a serious mental illness: A meta-synthesis of qualitative evidence(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2020-09-03) Hortal-Mas, Roger; Moreno-Poyato, Antonio Rafael; Granel-Giménez, Nina; Roviralta-Vilella, Maria; Watson-Badia, Carolina; Gómez-Ibáñez, Rebeca; Aguayo-González, Mariela Patricia; Giménez-Díez, David; Bernabeu-Tamayo, Maria Dolores; Leyva-Moral, Juan Manuel“Introduction: Sexuality-related nursing care is scarce and mainly focuses on biological issues. There is also a lack of knowledge about how serious mental illnesses affect sexuality. Aim: To explain how people with a serious mental illness perceive and experience their sexuality Method: A meta-synthesis was conducted to integrate qualitative studies. Four databases were used to perform the search, focused in the last ten years. Nine articles were included, and their results analysed thematically. Results: Four categories were identified: ““Pathologized sexuality,““ which explains how the disorder and treatment affect sexuality; ““Not my sexuality anymore,” which describes feelings emerging from the perceived limitations and the role of self-acceptance; “Learning to manage intimate relationships,” which explains the desire to establish intimate personal relationships and define their meaning; and ““Reconstructing my sexuality,““ which elucidates the influence of the environment on sexuality. Discussion: Sexuality is influenced by several factors, the main ones being: the clinical complications, the side effects of drug treatment, the social support, the relationship with the health sector and stigma. Implications for practice: Having a serious mental illness affects sexuality and can provoke suffering and social isolation. Mental health services should address this issue and carry out community interventions to reduce stigma.“Publicación Acceso abierto Características laborales y académicas de los recursos humanos del sistema de salud en ocho países de Latinoamérica(Universidad de Antioquia, 2021-01-28) Mejía, Christian R.; Chacón, Jhosselyn L.; Serrano, Felipe T.; Antón-Montero, Vicente; Gavilema-Tipantuña, Danny; orge, Marian J; Garay, Edwin; Estupiñán, Andrea; Madrigal-Miranda, Jason F.Introducción: la mayoría de las investigaciones muestran la situa-ción de los recursos humanos del sistema de salud en países primer-mundistas, por lo que es necesario caracterizar nuestra realidad lati-noamericana en este aspecto.Objetivo: caracterizar el tipo de trabajo y la formación de posgrado de los recursos humanos del área de salud en ocho países de Latino-américa.Métodos: se realizó un estudio descriptivo a través de encuestas au-toaplicadas sobre las características de los centros de labores y capa-citaciones de posgrado que se han tenido.Resultados: de las 1.283 personas que respondieron la encuesta, el 87,1 % laboraba en un hospital (salario promedio mensual: 840 dó-lares), el 23,3 % también lo hacía en una clínica (salario promedio mensual: 1.200 dólares). Además, solo el 20,5 % trabajaba en un esta-blecimiento del primer nivel de atención (salario promedio mensual: 420 dólares). El 31,2 % había realizado un curso de posgrado, el 23,2 % un diplomado, el 17,8 % una maestría y, el 5,1 %, un doctorado.Conclusiones: los recursos humanos en salud trabajan principalmen-te en hospitales con sueldos diferentes según el lugar donde laboran. Los médicos son los que tienen mayor remuneración, pero en el sec-tor privado las diferencias son menos marcadas. Menos de la tercera 22IATREIA Vol 35(1) enero-marzo 2022parte han hecho cursos u otras actividades académi-cas culminadas hace ya varios años. Esto sirve para la mejora de las características laborales y de capa-citación.Publicación Acceso abierto “Motivación de logro general y rendimiento académico en estudiantes cubanos de Estomatología“(Editorial Ciencias Medicas, 2021-03-08) Corrales Reyes, Ibraín Enrique; Mamani Benito, Oscar; Apaza Tarqui, Edison Effer; Mejia, Christian R.“Introducción: La periodontitis apical asintomática es de los diagnósticos endodónticos más comunes que se presentan en la población mundial. Consiste en la afectación del tejido periapical como resultado de la activación de mecanismos de inflamación, los que incluyen lisis y reabsorción de tejidos de soporte como cemento, ligamento y hueso alveolar. El signo patognomónico de la periodontitis apical es la presencia de radiolucidez periapical, resultado de la destrucción de los tejidos periapicales. Su principal tratamiento abarca el manejo endodóntico convencional cuyo objetivo es la eliminación de los irritantes locales dentro del conducto radicular. Sin embargo, cuando se desarrollan lesiones de gran tamaño es necesario complementar con terapias que aceleren la reparación, una de ellas la descompresión, la cual a partir de la reducción de la presión intralesión e intraósea con lo que favorece la formación de tejido fibroso, conectivo y óseo. Objetivo: Describir la técnica de descompresión intraconducto en el manejo de lesiones periapicales de gran tamaño. Presentación del caso: Paciente de 33 años de edad, con diagnóstico de periodontitis apical asintomática y evaluación tomográfica de lesión periapical de gran tamaño (67,5 UH) manejado con terapia endodóntica convencional y descomprensión intraconducto como terapia coadyuvante. Posterior a la restauración se realizaron controles clínicos y radiográficos. A los 24 meses se evidenció reparación de los tejidos involucrados con restauración del espacio del ligamento periodontal. Conclusiones: En este caso, la terapia descomprensiva fue una alternativa en el manejo de una lesión periapical de gran tamaño, que permitió regular la presión intraósea y facilitar la regeneración del tejido óseo, evitando la intervención quirúrgica siendo así más confortante para el paciente. “Publicación Acceso abierto Geographic and socioeconomic inequalities in cesarean birth rates in Peru: A comparison between 2009 and 2018(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2021-07-08) Hernández-Vásquez, Akram; Chacón-Torrico, Horacio; Bendezu-Quispe, GuidoBackground There is a global concern about the high rates of cesarean birth (CB). This study aimed to investigate the geographic and socioeconomic inequalities in CB rates in the Peruvian population. Methods We conducted a population-based study using the Peruvian Demographic and Family Health Surveys (ENDES, the Spanish acronym for Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar) between 2009 and 2018. ENDES reported data from births registered in the five years preceding survey execution. For the years 2009 (n = 10 289) and 2018 (n = 23 077), we calculated the weighted rates of CB among variables such as natural geographic domain (Coast, Andean, or Amazon), area of residence (rural or urban), wealth index quintile (quintile 1 is poorest, and quintile 5 is richest), and educational level. To assess inequalities, we calculated the concentration index (CIs), the slope index of inequality (SII), and the relative index of inequality (RII). Results The CB rates by year were 21.4% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 20.0-22.9) in 2009 and 34.5% (95% CI: 33.4-35.5) in 2018. Women living in urban and coastal regions and with a higher education level had the highest CB rates. All the CIs were positive, reflecting a prowealthy inequality in CB rates, and both SII and RII were positive, indicating a gap between the use of cesarean in women in the higher wealth quintile compared with those in the lower quintile. Conclusions Cesarean birth rates have increased by 60% during the last decade in Peru. The richest wealth quintiles had the highest CB rates during the study years, which were well above global recommendations.Publicación Acceso abierto Automedicación y riesgo de abuso con benzodiacepinas en pacientes adultos Lima-Perú, 2019(Sociedad de Neurologia Psiquiatria y Neurocirugia, 2021-09-26) Cabanillas-Tejada, John K.; Allpas-Gómez, Henry L.; Brito-Nuñez, Jesús D.; Mejia, Christian R.“Introduction: Benzodiazepines have the potential to generate abuse, so an indiscriminate consumption, through the sale without prescription and the practice of self-medication, would mean a high risk due to their abuse. Objective: To establish the relationship between self-medication with benzodiazepines and the risk of abuse that requires treatment in adult patients of Hospital San Juan de Lurigancho, 2019. Methodology: It was an observational, correlational descriptive, transversal and prospective study. The sample size was 874 participants (95.0% confidence level; 80% power). Sampling was performed nonrandomly. A survey was used to determine demographics, benzodiazepine use, and questions of Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST). Results: Of the study population, the most prevalent demographic data were female sex (74.5%), the median age was 52 years (interquartile range: 40-62 years), the age range 50-59 years (26.43%), married marital status (31.6%), secondary education level (48.4%) and occupation as a housewife (47.3%). Of adults studied, 485 were considered as consumers of benzodiazepines with prescription and 389 consumers without a prescription. Prescription and nonprescription consumers needing treatment were 129 (26.60%) and 245 (62.98%), respectively (p <0.001). Conclusion: There is a higher prevalence of people who need treatment for abuse in consumers without a prescription than in the group of consumers with a prescription so there is a significant relationship between self-medication with benzodiazepines and the risk of abuse that requires treatment in study population.“Publicación Acceso abierto Measuring the Protective Effect of Health Insurance Coverage on Out-of-Pocket Expenditures During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Peruvian Population(Kerman University of Medical Sciences, 2021-11-07) Hernández-Vásquez, Akram; Rojas-Roque, Carlos; Barrenechea-Pulache, Antonio; Guido Bendezú-QuispeAbstract Background: Health insurance coverage is expected to protect individuals from out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures, potentially preventing them from falling into poverty. However, to date, the effect of health insurance on OOP spending during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has not been fully explored. This study aimed to estimate differences in the proportion and the amount of OOP expenditures among Peruvians during the pre- and post-mandatory lockdown response to COVID-19 in 2020 according to the health insurance coverage status. Methods: This study utilized repeated cross-sectional data from the National Household Survey on Living and Poverty Conditions (ENAHO) from the first quarter of 2017 until the fourth quarter of 2020. The outcomes were (i) the proportion of individuals who incurred OOP expenditures and (ii) the monetary value of OOP expenditures. An interrupted time series analysis (ITS) and a quasi-experimental difference-in-difference (DID) analysis were performed to examine the outcomes among the control (individuals without health insurance) and treatment groups (individuals with health insurance) after the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: ITS analysis showed that the proportion of individuals reporting OOP expenditures after implementation of mandatory lockdown due to COVID-19 in Peru decreased in both groups, but no difference in the slope trend was found (P=.916). The average quarterly amount of OOP spending increased in both groups, but no difference in the slope trend was found (P=.073). Lastly, the DID analysis showed that the mandatory lockdown was associated with a higher amount of OOP, but there was no evidence to indicate that the higher amount was different between the control and treatment groups. Conclusion: The mandatory lockdown in response to the COVID-19 was associated with a higher amount of OOP expenditures and a lower likelihood of incurring OOP expenditures. However, our findings suggest that health insurance coverage does not lower OOP expenditures or reduce the likelihood of incurring OOP expenditures.Publicación Acceso abierto Determinantes de la satisfacción laboral en un establecimiento de salud durante el estado de emergencia sanitaria, Perú(UNIV PERUANA UNION, 2021-11-08) Mendoza-Briceño, Edmer; Guerrero Bejarano, María Auxiliadora; Carhuancho-Mendoza, Irma; Nolazco-Labajos, Fernando; Daniel Silva SiuEn la presente investigación se examinaron los factores determinantes de la satisfacción laboral en un establecimiento de salud durante el estado de emergencia sanitaria en Perú. Se realizaron encuestas a 244 colaboradores de las diferentes áreas del establecimiento de salud. El estudio se realizó bajo el enfoque cuantitativo y de diseño ex post facto. La técnica de recopilación de datos fue la encuesta, la que se aplicó en el mes de agosto del 2020, cuando los casos de Covid 19 iban en aumento. Para la contrastación de la hipótesis se aplicó la regresión jerárquica por pasos, donde se determinó dos modelos que expliquen la satisfacción laboral. El primer modelo explica que la satisfacción laboral depende del burnout en un 20.4%, con una potencia de 0.996; mientras que el segundo modelo explica la satisfacción laboral por el burnout y la motivación en un 28.7%, con una potencia de 0.99. Por lo tanto, en la investigación se confirmó que las determinantes de la satisfacción laboral son el burnout y la motivación según los colaboradores del establecimiento de salud durante el estado de emergencia sanitaria.Publicación Acceso abierto How much Fear of COVID-19 is There in Latin America? A Prospective Exploratory Study in Six Countries(Modestum LTD, 2021-12-02) Moya-Salazar, Jeel; Cañari, Betsy; Contreras-Pulache, Hans“Introduction: During the unprecedented lockdown, COVID-19 is causing people to suffer from mental disorders in response to strict containment measures. Latin America is the third most severely affected continent, and restrictive measures can have many negative effects on mental health (such as anxiety, depression, and stress) that may arise with fear. We aimed to measure the spread of fear of COVID-19 in the Latin American population. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective study in 535 participants of six countries of Latin America (Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico, and Peru), and a country of Europe (Spain) as a control, during 2020. We used the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. Results: The mean age was 31.2±13.2 years (70.8% under 30 years) and the majority were women (57.9%) and 76.6% had a technical, university, or postgraduate studies. Seven percent of participants had high rates of fear of COVID-19, these high estimates of fear were observed in Argentines (14.3%, score range: 28-31%), of Peruvians (10.2%, score range: 27-35%), and Mexicans (5.7%, score range: 27-29%). Both Peru (p=0.003) and Mexico (p=0.0001) showed significant differences from the control country. We showed low levels of fear in 57.1%, 45.5%, 42.9%, and 41.2% of Argentines, Colombians, Bolivians, and Peruvians, respectively. No differences in low levels of fear we found among age groups (p> 0.05), however, we find differences between genders (p=0.001). Conclusions: These results suggested low levels of fear in six Latin American countries, highlighting the need to contextualize fear behavior as a key element in people’s psychological well-being and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.“Publicación Acceso abierto How much Fear of COVID-19 is There in Latin America? A Prospective Exploratory Study in Six Countries(Modestum LTD, 2021-12-02) Moya-Salazar, Jeel; Cañari, Betsy; Contreras-Pulache, HansIntroduction: During the unprecedented lockdown, COVID-19 is causing people to suffer from mental disorders in response to strict containment measures. Latin America is the third most severely affected continent, and restrictive measures can have many negative effects on mental health (such as anxiety, depression, and stress) that may arise with fear. We aimed to measure the spread of fear of COVID-19 in the Latin American population. Materials and Methods: We conducted a prospective study in 535 participants of six countries of Latin America (Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico, and Peru), and a country of Europe (Spain) as a control, during 2020. We used the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. Results: The mean age was 31.2±13.2 years (70.8% under 30 years) and the majority were women (57.9%) and 76.6% had a technical, university, or postgraduate studies. Seven percent of participants had high rates of fear of COVID-19, these high estimates of fear were observed in Argentines (14.3%, score range: 28-31%), of Peruvians (10.2%, score range: 27-35%), and Mexicans (5.7%, score range: 27-29%). Both Peru (p=0.003) and Mexico (p=0.0001) showed significant differences from the control country. We showed low levels of fear in 57.1%, 45.5%, 42.9%, and 41.2% of Argentines, Colombians, Bolivians, and Peruvians, respectively. No differences in low levelsof fear we found among age groups (p> 0.05), however, we find differences between genders (p=0.001). Conclusions: These results suggested low levels of fear in six Latin American countries, highlighting the need to contextualize fear behavior as a key element in people’s psychological well-being and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic.Publicación Acceso abierto COVID-19 symptomatology and compliance with community mitigation strategies in Latin America early during the COVID-19 pandemic(Elsevier Inc., 2021-12-10) Herrera-Anazco, Percy; Urrunaga-Pastor, Diego; Benites-Zapata, Vicente A.; Bendezu-Quispe, Guido; Toro-Huamanchumo, Carlos J.; Hernandez, Adrian V.Introduction: Community mitigation strategies (CMS) have demonstrated to be effective in the reduction of transmission and incidence of COVID-19, especially in the population with symptoms associated with the disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between the presence of COVID-19 symptoms and adherence to CMS in Latin American adults. Methods: We carried out a secondary analysis of a database developed by the University of Maryland and Facebook social network during the COVID-19 pandemic. We included Latin American adults that used the Facebook platform and participated in a survey conducted from April 23 to May 23, 2020. The principal outcome variable was reported compliance with the three main CMS (physical distancing, use of face masks, and hand washing). The exposure variable included symptoms suspicious for COVID-19 defined as the presence of three or more symptoms of an acute clinical case of COVID-19. We performed generalized linear models of the Poisson family with a logarithmic link function to evaluate the association between the presence of COVID-19 symptoms and reported compliance with CMS. We calculated crude and adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) with their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: We analyzed 1,310,690 adults from Latin America; 48.1% were male and 42.9% were under 35 years of age. The prevalence of suspicious symptoms of COVID-19 was 18.5% and reported compliance with the three CMS was 45.3%. The countries with the highest proportion of reported compliance with the three CMS were Peru, Bolivia and Panama, while those with the lowest reported compliance were Costa Rica, Nicaragua and Honduras. In the adjusted model, people with suspicious symptoms for COVID-19 had a 14% lower compliance with the three CMS (aPR = 0.86; 95%CI: 0.85–0.87; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Less than half of the participants complied with the CMS, and those presenting suspicious symptoms for COVID-19 had lower reported compliance with the three CMS.Publicación Acceso abierto Sociodemographic Predictors Associated with the Willingness to Get Vaccinated against COVID-19 in Peru: A Cross-Sectional Survey(MDPI, 2021-12-30) Vizcardo, David; Figueroa Salvador, Linder; Nole-Vara, Arian; Pizarro Dávila, Karen; Alvarez-Risco, Aldo; Yáñez, Jaime A.; Mejia, Christian R.During the race for the development of a vaccine against COVID-19, even before itscommercialization, part of the population has already shown a growing fear of its application. Wedesigned an analytical cross-sectional study using an anonymous survey in the 25 departmentsof Peru. We surveyed whether the participants were planning on getting vaccinated, as well asother characteristics that were cross-checked in a uni-, bi- and multivariate manner. Of the 1776respondents, 70% (1251) stated that they were planning to be vaccinated, 20% (346) did not knowyet or doubted it, and 10% (179) did not want to be vaccinated. We observed that those who did notget infected with COVID-19 exhibited a higher frequency to not wanting or were uncertain aboutgetting vaccinated (aPR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.09–1.81;p-value = 0.008). In contrast, there was a lowerfrequency of vaccine refusal among university students (aPR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.61–0.92;p-value = 0.005)and healthcare workers (aPR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.44–0.80;p-value = 0.001); adjusted by place of residence.There is still an important percentage of respondents who do not want to be vaccinated or are hesitantto do it, which was associated with educational level, being a healthcare worker and if they werepreviously infected with COVID-19. Our results could offer useful information about COVID-19vaccination campaigns.Publicación Acceso abierto Sociodemographic Predictors Associated with the Willingness to Get Vaccinated against COVID-19 in Peru: A Cross-Sectional Survey(MDPI, 2021-12-30) Vizcardo, David; Figueroa Salvador, Linder; Nole-Vara, Arian; Pizarro Dávila, Karen; Alvarez-Risco, Aldo; Yáñez, Jaime A.; Mejia, Christian R.During the race for the development of a vaccine against COVID-19, even before itscommercialization, part of the population has already shown a growing fear of its application. Wedesigned an analytical cross-sectional study using an anonymous survey in the 25 departmentsof Peru. We surveyed whether the participants were planning on getting vaccinated, as well asother characteristics that were cross-checked in a uni-, bi- and multivariate manner. Of the 1776respondents, 70% (1251) stated that they were planning to be vaccinated, 20% (346) did not knowyet or doubted it, and 10% (179) did not want to be vaccinated. We observed that those who did notget infected with COVID-19 exhibited a higher frequency to not wanting or were uncertain aboutgetting vaccinated (aPR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.09–1.81;p-value = 0.008). In contrast, there was a lowerfrequency of vaccine refusal among university students (aPR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.61–0.92;p-value = 0.005)and healthcare workers (aPR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.44–0.80;p-value = 0.001); adjusted by place of residence.There is still an important percentage of respondents who do not want to be vaccinated or are hesitantto do it, which was associated with educational level, being a healthcare worker and if they werepreviously infected with COVID-19. Our results could offer useful information about COVID-19vaccination campaigns.Publicación Acceso abierto “Mobile Applications for the Implementation of Health Control against Covid-19 in Educational Centers, a Systematic Review of the Literature“(SCIENCE & INFORMATION SAI ORGANIZATION LTD, 2022) Quispe-Lavalle, Bryan; Sierra-Liñan, Fernando; Cabanillas-Carbonel, Michael“A health crisis caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus is still ongoing. That is why an important factor for the resumption of on-site classes is the creation of sanitary measures to help control Covid-19. The present research is a literature review, The PRISMA methodology is used and 265 articles are collected from various databases such as EBSCO Host, IEEE Xplore, SAGE, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the most relevant articles aligned to the topic were identified, systematizing 119 articles. Showcasing digital technologies used in mobile applications that allow better control, tracking, and monitoring of the health status of students, teachers, and staff of educational centers, in addition to the parameters and quality attributes that must be taken into account for the effective sanitary control of the disease, finally, a development model is proposed.“Publicación Acceso abierto “Análisis de impacto presupuestal de la vacunación contra COVID-19 en América Latina“(Editorial Ciencias Medicas, 2022) Taborda, Alejandra; Murillo, Diego Alejandro; Moreno, Carolina; Taborda, Paula Andrea; Fuquen, Marcela; Díaz, Paula Andrea; Londoño, Darío“Objetivo. Estimar el impacto presupuestal de la vacunación contra COVID-19 en seis países de América Latina: Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, México y Perú, durante el periodo 2021-2022. Métodos. Se evaluaron las vacunas de Sinopharm (BBIBP-CorV), Janssen (JNJ-78436735), Instituto de Gamaleya (Gam-COVID-Vac), Sinovac (CoronaVac), CanSino (Convidecia), AstraZeneca (Vaxzevria), Moderna (mRNA-1273) y Pfizer (BNT162b2), según disponibilidad para cada país. Se adoptó la perspectiva del sistema de salud, de manera que solo se incluyeron costos médicos directos. El horizonte temporal se adoptó teniendo en cuenta los tiempos de implementación de cada plan de vacunación, excluyendo menores de 16 años y gestantes. Se incluyeron los siguientes costos: costo de la vacunación y aplicación, costos de la hospitalización general aislamiento, cuidado intermedio e intensivo. Se compararon dos escenarios de vacunación: 1) Población que desea vacunarse (según las encuestas nacionales) y 2) Población que debería vacunarse (total susceptible de vacunación). Los costos agregados para cada escenario de vacunación se compararon con el escenario de no vacunación. Adicionalmente, se realizaron análisis de sensibilidad determinísticos y probabilísticos. Resultados. Los diferentes esquemas de vacunación contra COVID-19 disponibles en América Latina generan ahorros potenciales que oscilan entre USD 100 y USD 1 500 millones de dólares por país para el período 2021-2022, asumiendo que se logra implementar en su totalidad el plan de vacunación previsto en cada país. Conclusiones. La vacunación contra COVID-19 es una estrategia que además de reducir la morbilidad y mortalidad para Latinoamérica, genera ahorros potenciales para los sistemas de salud en la región.“Publicación Acceso abierto Antibacterial and Antiadhesion Effects of Psidium guajava Fractions on a Multispecies Biofilm Associated with Periodontitis(Association of Support to Oral Health Research (APESB), 2022) Millones Gómez, Pablo Alejandro; Requena Mendizábal, Margarita Fe; Calla Poma, Roger Damaso; Rosales Cifuentes, Tania Valentina; Malpartida Quispe, Federico Martin; Maurtua Torres, Dora Jesús; Bacilio Amaranto, Reyma Evelyn; Minchón Medina, Carlos Alberto; Ponce Contreras, Lusin AntonioObjective: To assess the antibacterial activity of Psidium guajava fractions and their effects on adhesion of a multispecies biofilm consisting of Streptococcus gordonii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis in vitro. Material and Methods: Guava leaves were obtained from the mountains of northern Peru, where they grow wild and free of pesticides. The antimicrobial activity of 25 mg/mL petroleum ether, 25 mg/mL dichloromethane and 25 mg/mL methanol fractions of P. guajava was evaluated by measuring inhibition halos, as well as the effect on the adhesion of multispecies biofilms at 4, 7 and 10 days of growth by measuring the optical density. In addition, antimicrobial susceptibility was compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test and its multiple comparison tests, and differences in mean biofilm adhesion between each fraction were assessed by repeated measures analysis and the Tukey multiple comparison test. Results: The rank-based Kruskal-Wallis test highlighted differences in the effects of the fractions on the zone of inhibition for each oral bacterium, including S. gordonii(p=0.000), F. nucleatum (p=0.000), and P. gingivalis (p=0.000), the Tukey test showed that the group treated with 0.12% chlorhexidine exhibited the least amount of adhesion, followed by the group treated with the 1.56 mg/mL methanol fraction. Conclusion: The methanol fraction of P. guajava had an antibacterial effect on S. gordonii and P. gingivalis, and the 1.56 mg/mL methanol fraction decreased biofilm adhesion.Publicación Acceso abierto Convolutional Neural Networks with Transfer Learning for Pneumonia Detection(Science and Information Organization, 2022) Iparraguirre-Villanueva, Orlando; Guevara-Ponce, Victor; Roque Paredes, Ofelia; Sierra-Liñan, Fernando; Zapata-Paulini, Joselyn; Cabanillas-Carbonell, Michael“Pneumonia is a type of acute respiratory infection caused by microbes, and viruses that affect the lungs. Pneumonia is the leading cause of infant mortality in the world, accounting for 81% of deaths in children under five years of age. There are approximately 1.2 million cases of pneumonia in children under five years of age and 180 000 died in 2016. Early detection of pneumonia can help reduce mortality rates. Therefore, this paper presents four convolutional neural network (CNN) models to detect pneumonia from chest X-ray images. CNNs were trained to classify X-ray images into two types: normal and pneumonia, using several convolutional layers. The four models used in this work are pre-trained: VGG16, VGG19, ResNet50, and InceptionV3. The measures that were used for the evaluation of the results are Accuracy, recall, and F1-Score. The models were trained and validated with the dataset. The results showed that the Inceptionv3 model achieved the best performance with 72.9% accuracy, recall 93.7%, and F1-Score 82%. This indicates that CNN models are suitable for detecting pneumonia with high accuracy.“Publicación Acceso abierto Free Hardware based System for Air Quality and CO2 Monitoring(Science and Information Organization, 2022) Alvarez-Mendoza, Cristhoper; Vilchez-Lucana, Jhon; Sierra-Liñan, Fernando; Cabanillas-Carbonell, Michael“Due to the increase in air pollution, especially in Latin American countries of low and middle income, great environmental and health risks have been generated, highlighting that there is more pollution in closed environments. Given this problem, it has been proposed to develop a system based on free hardware for monitoring air quality and CO2, in order to reduce the levels of air pollution in a closed environment, improving the quality of life of people and contributing to the awareness of the damage caused to the environment by the hand of man himself. The system is based on V-Model, complemented with a ventilation prototype implemented with sensors and an application for its respective monitoring. The sample collected in the present investigation was non-probabilistic, derived from the reports of air indicators during 15 days with specific schedules of 9am, 1pm and 6pm. The results obtained indicated that the air quality decreased to 670 ppm, as well as the collection time decreased to 5 seconds and finally the presence of CO2 was reduced to 650 ppm after the implementation of the system, achieving to be within the standards recommended by the World Health Organization. “Publicación Acceso abierto Convolutional Neural Networks with Transfer Learning for Pneumonia Detection(Science and Information Organization, 2022) Iparraguirre-Villanueva, Orlando; Guevara-Ponce, Victor; Roque Paredes, Ofelia; Sierra-Liñan, Fernando; Zapata-Paulini, Joselyn; Cabanillas-Carbonell, Michael“Pneumonia is a type of acute respiratory infection caused by microbes, and viruses that affect the lungs. Pneumonia is the leading cause of infant mortality in the world, accounting for 81% of deaths in children under five years of age. There are approximately 1.2 million cases of pneumonia in children under five years of age and 180 000 died in 2016. Early detection of pneumonia can help reduce mortality rates. Therefore, this paper presents four convolutional neural network (CNN) models to detect pneumonia from chest X-ray images. CNNs were trained to classify X-ray images into two types: normal and pneumonia, using several convolutional layers. The four models used in this work are pre-trained: VGG16, VGG19, ResNet50, and InceptionV3. The measures that were used for the evaluation of the results are Accuracy, recall, and F1-Score. The models were trained and validated with the dataset. The results showed that the Inceptionv3 model achieved the best performance with 72.9% accuracy, recall 93.7%, and F1-Score 82%. This indicates that CNN models are suitable for detecting pneumonia with high accuracy.“Publicación Acceso abierto Competency-Based Curriculum Planning Model To Overcome Inconsistencies In Vocational Training(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2022) Neyra López, Carolina Amelia; Tacilla Ramìrez, Nancy Jesús; Rivera-Zamudio, July“The objective of the research was to evaluate the consistency of different training proposals, proposing as a reference a competency-based curriculum planning model. Qualitative methodology was used from an interpretive paradigm, making use of inductive and deductive analysis at the same time. Inductively, observations were generated through documentary analysis, interviews with experts, and a focus group with university professors, who then deductively derived interpretations and forecasts regarding curricular planning. As a result, it was obtained that the designed model, based on the triangulation of the information collected, allowed evaluating and determining the strengths and weaknesses of the priority elements of the university curriculum: the graduation profile, the study plan and the evaluation system. The main conclusion was that it is necessary to have clear parameters for specifying the university curriculum, through a referential model that allows the development of a virtuous circle of evaluation and continuous improvement of curricular planning.Keywords: -competencies; curriculum planning; consistency; discharge profile; Curriculum; evaluation systemINTRODUCTIONThe Bologna agreement signed by the European Union led to great transformations in the training processes of future professionals. One of these was that the university curriculum presents competencies to develop for the exercise of a certain career 18 . According to the Tuning Project for Latin America 45 , competencies are classified by their basic, transversal or specific nature. Basic skills allow people to function as individuals who are part of society and support the development of more complex skillsof analysis, synthesis, understanding and action, thanks to the cognitive skills of information processing, argumentation and interpretation 44 accompanied by of central aspects.Transversal, generic or soft skills are common to different professions, and increase performance expertise, employability, management and productivity in different work environments 8,14, 19,26,44 . The specific competencies are those specific to each profession, and establish the performance expected in each of the professional disciplines, which promote specialization, thanks to the development of specific training processes 2, 20, 39,44 .Another transformation was the management of curricular planningso that all the elements of the curriculum (profiles, objectives, competencies, contents, didactic strategies and evaluation strategies) converge harmoniously and, thus, achieve the graduation profile 11,38 . The design of a curricular planning by competencies must start by identifying the challenges and needs of each profession, this with the aim of contributing to the solution of the latent problems that society faces, for which the competencies to be trained for a suitable performance. All this with theaim of guaranteeing the articulation between the training proposal and the set of demands on the profession 6 .Based on the above, curricular planning is defined in a competency-based approach as the design process of each of the central components of the curriculum, taking into account the educational model of the university, which defines the fundamental orientations of training, as well as the environment of the profession, its demands and development trends.From this perspective, a Curriculum Planning Model for Competencies -hereinafter MPCC -becomes the reference for the construction, organization and readjustment of the competency-based training curriculum, which contains the description of the stages and processes that guarantee consistency, coherence, relevance and gradualness of the training process, likewise, it articulates the macro, meso and micro stages of curricular planning where the structure of each of its components is taken into account 3,24,25,41,50 .The fundamental elements of the MPCC are the graduate profile, the study plan and the evaluation system. The graduation profile is made up of the set of generic and specific competencies for performance in a certain profession, identified after “Publicación Acceso abierto A Functional Assessment Tool to Distinguish Controls From Alzheimer’s Disease in Lima, Peru(SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC, 2022) Custodio, Nilton; Montesinos, Rosa; Chambergo-Michilot, Diego; Herrera-Perez, Eder; Pintado-Caipa, Maritza; Seminario, Wendy; Cuenca, Jose; Mesía, Laura; Failoc-Rojas, Virgilio E; Diaz, Monica MBackground: The Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study-Activities of Daily Living (ADCS-ADL) scale is a versatile functional assessment tool for patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We evaluated its performance in controls, Peruvians with MCI or AD. Methods: A cross-sectional study of older adults attending a neurology institute in Lima (Peru) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), AD or cognitively healthy. Test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC; internal consistency, Cronbach’s alpha) and validity were assessed. Results: We enrolled 276 individuals (AD: 113, MCI: 68, controls: 95) with no age, sex, educational level, and depressive symptom differences. Reliability was ideal (ICC: .996), and Cronbach’s alpha was adequate (.937). The ADCS-ADL could not differentiate MCI from controls but did differentiate AD severity. The ADCS-ADL correlated highly with nearly all tools. Conclusions: The ADCS-ADL scale is reliable in a population with AD in Lima, Peru. Future work may validate a tool for Peruvians with lower educational levels.