Examinando por Materia "Antiretroviral therapy"

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    Prevalence and associated factors of vertical transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus during pregnancy.
    (Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2020-01-11) Moreno Reyes, Katherin Faviola; Barbaggelata Huaraca, Adriana Josefina
    Objective: To explore available scientific evidence from observational articles related to the prevalence and associated factors of vertical transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) during pregnancy. Methodology: The review was conducted through an electronic search of various articles related to the prevalence and associated factors of vertical HIV transmission during pregnancy. The search sources included PUBMED, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. The keywords used for the search were risk factors, vertical transmission, human immunodeficiency virus, and antiretroviral therapy. Articles published with research results from 2011 to 2020 were selected. Results: A total of 24 observational studies were selected. The prevalence of vertical HIV transmission (VHT) according to various authors ranged from 3.8% to 17%. Risk factors associated with VHT included the absence of antiretroviral therapy during prenatal care, with adjusted odds ratios (AORs) ranging from 2.41 to 17.20; absence of mother-to-child transmission prevention programs with AORs ranging from 4.6 to 40.6; lack of prenatal care (AOR 4.6); home delivery (AOR 3.35 to 8.10); emergency cesarean delivery (OR 4.32); absence of antiretroviral prophylaxis for the newborn (AOR 3.4 to 5.83); and high viral load (4.0% to 8.5%). Most studies reported that reducing vertical HIV transmission is achieved through early HIV diagnosis during pregnancy, antiretroviral therapy during pregnancy and delivery, elective cesarean delivery, low viral load, suppression of breastfeeding, and neonatal prophylaxis. Conclusions: The prevalence of VHT of HIV ranges from 3.8% to 17%. The main associated factors are the absence of antiretroviral therapy during prenatal care, lack of VHT prevention programs, lack of prenatal care, high viral load, home delivery, emergency cesarean delivery, and absence of neonatal antiretroviral prophylaxis.