Examinando por Materia "Food Contamination"

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Acceso abierto
Concentración de plomo y manganeso en sandias (Citrullus lannatus) expendidas de forma ambulatoria y su relación con el tiempo de exposición al parque automotor en seis sectores del Cercado de Lima, Lima, Perú, mayo 2019
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2020-11-26) Dextre Menacho, Fredy Wilder; Vicente Lujan, Rossana; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
The objective was to determine the relationship between the time of exposure to vehicular traffic and the concentration of lead and manganese in "watermelon" (Citrullus lanatus) sold by street vendors in six sectors of Cercado de Lima, Lima, Peru, in May 2019. Method: The Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry technique was used. The study analyzed lead and manganese in 36 watermelon samples with 15 hours of exposure (starting 6:00 a.m. and ending 9:00 p.m.). Results: For lead, the average was 5.31 ppm, and 50% of the samples exceeded the value of 5.68 ppm. The data deviated from the mean by an average of 1.07 ppm, with a minimum value of 3.38 ppm and a maximum of 7.10 ppm. For manganese, the average was 6.93 ppm, and 50% of the samples exceeded the value of 7.03 ppm. The data deviated from the mean by an average of 0.065 ppm, with a minimum value of 6.01 ppm and a maximum of 8.32 ppm. It is concluded that a direct and positive correlation exists between the time of the fruit's exposure to vehicular traffic and the concentration of lead and manganese, with statistical significance (r=0.705,p=0.000 and r=0.761,p=0.000, respectively). 100% of the samples exceeded the Maximum Permissible Limits (MPL) established by the WHO/FAO/Codex Alimentarius.
Acceso abierto
Conocimiento de las buenas prácticas de manipulación de alimentos (BPM) y su relación con la contaminación de alimentos servidos en el Hospital Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen -2022
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-12-05) Castillo Jimenez, Andres Avelino; Pasache Moreno, Julissa María
La diabetes es una de las mayores emergencias de salud del siglo XXI y una de las cuatro enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) seleccionadas por los dirigentes mundiales para intervenir con carácter prioritario.La presente investigación busca conocer la literatura científica sobre el efecto del ejercicio físico en los niveles de hemoglobina glicosilada en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2. El tipo de investigación es secundaria. Se utiliza la metodología según la Nutrición Basada en Evidencias (NuBE). Se describirán y se utilizarán las 5 fases de la NuBE para el desarrollo de la lectura crítica. Se describe una síntesis de la literatura hallada y se evalúa la literatura científica seleccionada mediante el “Critical Appraisal Skills Programme España” (CASPe) Según el artículo elegido el ejercicio combinado mostró una mejora más pronunciada en la HbA1c que el ejercicio aeróbico supervisado o el ejercicio de resistencia supervisado solo. Se recomienda la prescripción del ejercicio físico para el tratamiento y /o prevención de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 para en conjunto con la medicación y la intervención dietética puedan lograr un control glicémico adecuado y así evitar o retrasar las complicaciones que conlleva esta enfermedad.
Acceso abierto
Cuantificación de plomo, cadmio y arsénico en granos de cacao Theobroma cacao L. y café Coffea arábica L. de la zona de Jaén – Cajamarca durante el periodo febrero–julio 2018
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-12-06) Condezo Nuñez, Silvia; Huaraca Mezones, Carmen Victoria; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
Coffee and cocoa are consumed worldwide and have gained international recognition. Many producers cultivate these crops using pesticides, or the soils in which they are grown are contaminated with heavy metals that can be absorbed by the plants. For this reason, it was necessary to quantify the concentrations of lead, cadmium, and arsenic in cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao L.) and coffee beans (Coffea arabica L.) from the Jaén – Cajamarca region, during the period from February to July 2018. A total of sixteen samples were collected and analyzed using the atomic absorption method associated with graphite furnace and FIAS hydride generation. The results showed that in coffee beans from the Jaén – Cajamarca region, the average concentrations were 0.11 µg/g for arsenic, 0.11 µg/g for cadmium, and 1.18 µg/g for lead. Most of the analyzed samples did not exceed the maximum values permitted by MERCOSUR regulations, making them suitable for consumption. In cocoa beans from the Jaén – Cajamarca region, the average concentrations were 0.08 µg/g for arsenic, 0.07 µg/g for cadmium, and 0.10 µg/g for lead. When compared with the permissible values established by the Codex Alimentarius, the concentrations of each metal found indicated that more than 60% of the samples are admissible for human consumption.
Acceso abierto
Determinación cuantitativa de la concentración de arsénico, cadmio y plomo en zumo de “Caña de Azúcar“ (saccharum officinarum) expendidos ambulatoriamente en la Provincia Constitucional del Callao durante el periodo mayo–setiembre 2014
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2015) Aylas Quispe, Fredy Jesus; Aylas Quispe, Yudit; Canales Martínez, César Augusto
Heavy metals released into the environment by industrial activities can affect the development of sugarcane crops. In order to determine the current levels of heavy metals (As, Cd, and Pb), 25 samples of sugarcane juice (Saccharum officinarum) sold in the Constitutional Province of Callao were analyzed between May and September 2014. The determination of heavy metals in sugarcane juice was carried out using atomic absorption spectrophotometry with hydride generation for arsenic, and atomic absorption spectrophotometry with graphite furnace for cadmium and lead. The results obtained for each heavy metal (As, Cd, and Pb) were compared with the permissible limits established by the Codex Alimentarius, the Ecuadorian Technical Standard, and MERCOSUR. The mean concentrations of the total heavy metals in sugarcane juice (Saccharum officinarum) were 0.02 ppm for arsenic, 0.05 ppm for cadmium, and 0.21 ppm for lead.
Acceso abierto
Determinación cuantitativa de la concentración de mercurio y arsénico en pejerrey (Odontesthes regia) comercializado en el Terminal Pesquero de Ancón durante el periodo setiembre–octubre 2017
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2019-05-27) Vega Silvestre, Diana Marlene; Leon Delgado, Verni Anavella; Cárdenas Orihuela, Robert Armando
Currently, evaluating metal levels in fish is a topic of national and global public health interest. Since a large number of metals contaminate rivers, lakes, and seas, it is important to determine if these products comply with the maximum permissible limits for mercury and arsenic established by the National Fisheries Health Service (SANIPES) of Peru, and thus evaluate if there is a risk to the consuming population. Methods: To determine mercury, a mercury hollow-cathode lamp was used at a wavelength of 253.70 nm via a graphite furnace. For arsenic determination, an arsenic hollow-cathode lamp was used at a wavelength of 193.70 nm via a hydride generator. Result: No values were found to exceed the maximum permissible limits for mercury and arsenic. Conclusion: The pejerrey (Odontesthes regia) sold at the Ancón fishing terminal is suitable for optimal human consumption.
Acceso abierto
Determinación cuantitativa de plomo y cadmio en diez tipos de yuca (Manihot esculenta) comercializados en el mercado del distrito de San Martin de Pangoa, de la ciudad de Satipo, departamento de Junín, de enero–marzo 2017
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2017) De la O Valenzuela, Zenaida Olinda; Quispe Aguirre, Jannet; Cárdenas Orihuela, Robert Armando
This research aimed to quantitatively determine, using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, the concentration levels of lead and cadmium in ten types of cassava (Manihot esculenta) sold at the “San Martin de Pangoa District Market” in the city of Satipo, Junín department, from January to March 2017. The lead levels found had an average of 0.13 ppm, with a minimum value of 0.01 ppm and a maximum value of 0.24 ppm. The cadmium levels found had an average of 0.05 ppm, with a minimum value of 0.01 ppm and a maximum value of 0.09 ppm. The results of the present study indicate that, for the ten types of cassava (Manihot esculenta), 90% exceeded the permissible limit for lead established by the Codex Alimentarius, while 10% did not exceed this limit. Regarding cadmium, 100% of the samples did not exceed the permissible limit set by the Codex Alimentarius. These findings allow us to conclude that the presence of lead in cassava (Manihot esculenta) could have implications for consumer health.
Acceso abierto
Determinacion de arsenico en arroz envasado a granel expendido en los mercados de Lima Metropolitana, mes de noviembre año 2020
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2021-09-12) Tejeda Guillermo, Manuel Ángel; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
The objective of this research was to determine the average concentration of arsenic in bulk-packaged rice sold in the markets of Metropolitan Lima in November 2020. Method: A total of 33 polished rice samples, both national and imported, were evaluated. The samples were obtained from the South, East, and North Zones of Metropolitan Lima and were analyzed using the Atomic Absorption with Hydride Generator Method. Data were recorded with a validated instrument, and standard values (200 µg of arsenic/kg of rice) from the Codex Alimentarius and European Union Regulation 2015/1006 were used for comparison. Results: From the total of 33 samples, an average value of 155.5 μg of arsenic/kg was obtained. The average value for the 30 national samples was 154.7 μg/kg, and the average for the 3 imported samples was 163.3 μg/kg. Conclusions: The average values were below the international standards. The average inorganic arsenic values in national rice were within the permitted limits (155.5 μg of arsenic/kg), but 50% of the samples analyzed from the North Zone of Metropolitan Lima had values above the established standard, which suggests a need for further investigation.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de arsénico, cadmio y plomo en especias en polvo: ají paprika (Capsicum annuum, L.), ají panca (Capsicum chinense), pimienta (Piper nigrum) y comino (Cuminum cyminum), expendidos en el Mercado Caquetá – San Martín de Porres, Lima en el periodo enero – 2018
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-12-05) Llallahui Murga, Fiorella Margoth; Quispe Huisa, Luisa; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
The use of aromatic plants and spices in cooking constitutes a basic principle for the application of natural nutrition. Agricultural products can be contaminated with toxic heavy metals, including Arsenic, Cadmium, and Lead. High levels of these metals tend to accumulate in the soil surface, becoming accessible for consumption. The contamination of food products is becoming an inevitable problem, as air, soil, and water pollution contribute to the presence of harmful elements. The analysis of powdered spice samples showed variable concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, and lead in their composition. These values were subsequently compared with the limits established by the WHO.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de arsénico, cadmio, plomo y mercurio en quinua (Chenopodium quinoa) expendida en los mercados de La Victoria, durante el período de enero del 2018
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-11-29) Alcocer Santivañez, Eneth Elizabeth; Huamán Huamán, Edith Cindy; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
In this investigation, the concentrations of Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury were determined in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) samples sold in the markets of La Victoria, and it was established whether these concentrations were within permissible limits according to the parameters set by MERCOSUR, the European Union, and Brazilian legislation. The technique used was Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry with Graphite Furnace and Hydride Generator. The average value of Arsenic in the samples was 0.35 ppm, with extreme values of 0.16 and 0.59, with 55% exceeding the maximum permissible limit (MPL) established by MERCOSUR. The average value of Cadmium in the samples was 0.18 ppm, with extreme values of 0.08 and 0.33, with 73% exceeding the MPL established by MERCOSUR and the European Union. The average value of Mercury in the samples was 0.005 ppm, with extreme values of 0.01 and 0.011, with 9% exceeding the MPL established by Brazilian legislation. The average value of Lead in the samples was 0.20 ppm, with extreme values of 0.11 and 0.36, with 45% exceeding the MPL established by MERCOSUR and the European Union. These results indicate that there is high contamination by Arsenic, Cadmium, and Lead in quinoa sold in the markets of La Victoria – January 2018.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de arsénico, cromo, cadmio y plomo en camarones (Cryphiops caementarius) de Calango y Santa Cruz de Flores, abril a octubre del 2020
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-04-13) Roca Esquivel, Rosario; Tello Rojas, Maribel; Ramos Jaco, Antonio Guillermo
The contamination of hydrobiological species in our rivers by heavy metals is a serious and concerning issue, as it endangers the lives of these species and the populations that consume them. Objective: This research aims to determine the concentration of arsenic, chromium, cadmium, and lead in shrimp (Cryphiops caementarius) and the potential health risks for the population of Calango and Santa Cruz de Flores during the period from April to October 2020, due to exceeding the maximum permissible limits according to Brazilian Legislation and the Codex Alimentarius standards. Methodology: This was a quantitative, descriptive, basic-level study with a non-experimental, cross-sectional research design. Atomic absorption flame spectrophotometry and a hydride generator were used. Results: Shrimp samples were collected along the Mala River at 3 points in the Santa Cruz de Flores area and 7 points in the Calango area, for a total of 10 sampling points. The average values obtained were 0.89 mg/kg for arsenic, 0.040 mg/kg for chromium, 0.24 mg/kg for cadmium, and 0.44 mg/kg for lead in the shrimp samples from the designated points. These values did not exceed the maximum permissible limits set by international regulations, including Brazilian Legislation and the Codex Alimentarius, during 2020. Conclusion: The consumption of shrimp was not considered a public health risk for any of these heavy metals—cadmium, chromium, lead, and arsenic. However, due to the values found in the upper range, continuous monitoring of these metals' concentrations in these areas is recommended.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de cadmio, mercurio y plomo en langostinos (Litopenaeus vannamei) procedentes del Terminal Pesquero de Villa María del Triunfo de Lima y de Ventanilla en el Callao durante el periodo marzo–abril 2016
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2017) Inga Reyes, Marilyn Janeth; Miraya Suarez, Mariluz; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
This study determined the concentrations of cadmium, lead, and mercury in shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) sold at the fishing terminals of Villa María del Triunfo in Lima and Ventanilla in Callao during March–April 2016. The technique used for the determination of lead and cadmium was atomic absorption spectrophotometry with a graphite furnace, and a hydride generator was used for mercury. For this work, 20 shrimp units were collected. For lead, an average value of 0.50 mg/kg was found, with extreme values between 0.28 mg/kg and 0.79 mg/kg. 50% of the samples exceeded the permissible limits (LMP) according to the National Fisheries Health Service (SANIPES). For cadmium, the average value was 0.42 mg/kg, with extreme values between 0.24 mg/kg and 0.65 mg/kg. 35% exceeded the permissible limits (LMP) according to SANIPES. For mercury, the average value was 0.19 mg/kg, with extreme values between 0.07 mg/kg and 0.34 mg/kg. This last value did not exceed the maximum permissible limits (LMP) established by SANIPES. The highest metal concentration found in shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) corresponds to lead.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de la calidad sanitaria e inocuidad de salsas picantes servidas en establecimientos comerciales de la urbanización Santa Anita en el distrito de Santa Anita – Lima abril 2018
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2019-06-26) Rosales Ñaupari, Ketty Inés; Guevara Vicaña, Rita Aurora
The objective of this study was to evaluate the level of sanitary quality and safety of hot sauces served in commercial establishments in the Santa Anita Urbanization in the Santa Anita District. For this purpose, a total of 30 hot sauce samples were analyzed: 10 from market stalls (0-fork category), 10 from restaurants (1-fork category), and 10 from restaurants (2-fork category). The sampling was non-probabilistic and by convenience. Method: The 3M Petrifilm Plates for Mold and Yeast Count and for Total Coliform Count (AOAC 991.14) were used. For data interpretation, the limits established by Sanitary Technical Standard NTS No. 071 – MINSA/DIGESA - V.01 were applied. Results: Of the establishments studied, 1 out of 10 (10.00%) in the 0-fork category, 2 out of 10 (20.00%) in the 1-fork category, and 2 out of 10 (20.00%) in the 2-fork category complied with the microbiological criteria. Conclusion: The commercial establishments in the Santa Anita Urbanization have low sanitary quality and safety in the hot sauces served, according to the permissible values of microbiological indicators established in the aforementioned standard.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de la concentración de cadmio y plomo en huevos (clara y yema) de codorniz “Coturnix coturnix” expendidos en mercados más concurridos del distrito de San Martin de Porres en Lima. Junio 2017
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-02-08) Mejía Campos, Yojana Heidy; Quispe Castro, Jenny Albina; Hernández Aguilar, Manuel Gregorio
Heavy metals are among the most widespread environmental contaminants worldwide, with Peru being one of the countries affected due to its extensive mining sector. Currently, Peru lacks regulations regarding permissible limits of these toxic substances in food. The present study aimed to determine the concentration of cadmium and lead in the egg white and yolk of quail eggs (Coturnix coturnix) sold in the busiest markets of the San Martin de Porres district. A total of twenty quail eggs were sampled, and both the egg white and yolk were analyzed together using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The results were then compared with the Mexican Official Standard NOM-159-SSA1-1996 for cadmium (0.05 mg/kg) and the MERCOSUR Technical Regulation for lead (0.1 mg/kg). The results for cadmium ranged from 0.04 mg/kg to 0.14 mg/kg, with a mean of 0.083 mg/kg, where 7 samples (35%) were below the maximum permissible limits, and 13 samples (65%) exceeded the maximum allowable values. Regarding lead, the values ranged from 0.08 mg/kg to 0.26 mg/kg, with a mean of 0.150 mg/kg, where 2 samples (10%) were below the maximum permissible limits, and 18 samples (90%) exceeded the maximum allowable values. In conclusion, the levels of cadmium and lead in quail eggs exceed the maximum permissible limits established by the aforementioned standards.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de la concentración de nitritos y nitratos en carnes procesadas nacionales e importadas expendidas en supermercados del Cercado de Lima. Setiembre–noviembre 2019
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2020-11-29) Reyes Romero, Denis Hernán; Ricci Castro, Elizabeth; Ramos Jaco, Antonio Guillermo
Nitrites and nitrates are food additives present in meats, where the maximum permissible concentrations are established by regulations from the National Institute of Quality (INACAL) and the Codex Alimentarius. The objective was to determine the concentration of nitrites and nitrates in national and imported processed meats sold in supermarkets in Cercado de Lima. Methodology: The research was descriptive and prospective, with a non-experimental design. The sample consisted of 17 national and 17 imported processed meat samples, obtained randomly. The analytical technique employed was UV-Visible spectrophotometry. Results: The results for nitrite concentration in national processed meats reported a minimum value of 19.46 mg/kg and a maximum of 38.96 mg/kg, while imported meats had a maximum value of 58.65 mg/kg and a minimum of 28.65 mg/kg. Nitrate concentrations in national meats ranged between 56.57 mg/kg and 84.65 mg/kg, while imported meats showed concentrations between 68.93 mg/kg and 97.27 mg/kg. Conclusions: The concentrations of nitrates and nitrites in national and imported processed meats sold in supermarkets in Cercado de Lima are within the parameters approved by INACAL in NTP 201.048-1:1999 (reviewed 2019), which sets the value at 200 ppm for nitrites and 500 ppm for nitrates, and according to the Codex Alimentarius, 125 ppm for nitrites.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de nitritos y nitratos en hamburguesas de carne expendidas en el mercado Huamantanga – Puente Piedra, junio–diciembre 2019
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2021-01-30) Navarro Agapito, Juan; Jaramillo Briceño, Marilú Ricardina
The objective of this research was to determine the content of nitrites and nitrates in the highest-demand meat hamburgers sold at the Huamantanga Market in Puente Piedra, between June and December 2019. The methodology was descriptive-comparative with a quantitative approach. 30 samples of the highest-demand meat hamburgers, acquired from stalls at the Huamantanga Market, were analyzed. The instrument used for the quantitative analysis was the UV spectrophotometer, at a wavelength of 538 nm, according to NTP-ISO 2918 ("Meat and meat products, Determination of nitrite content") and NTP-ISO 3091 ("Meat and meat products. Determination of nitrate content"). Results showed that the San Fernando brand hamburgers had an average content of 9.10 ppm for nitrites and 53.30 ppm for nitrates, while the El Gordito brand contained an average of 4.51 ppm for nitrites and 26.42 ppm for nitrates. It was concluded that the concentration of nitrites and nitrates in the highest-demand meat hamburgers sold did not exceed the values set by the Codex Alimentarius (125 ppm for nitrites and 500 ppm for nitrates), with both brands presenting values below the maximum permissible limit.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de nitritos y nitratos en salchichas expendidas en el mercado La Unión – San Juan de Lurigancho, octubre–diciembre 2018
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2019-03-19) Salinas Quispe, Jhulissa Rosana; Ugaz Villalobos, James Bener; Ramos Jaco, Antonio Guillermo
This descriptive and cross-sectional study aimed to determine the concentration of nitrites and nitrates in sausages sold at the La Unión Market, San Juan de Lurigancho, from October to December 2018. The spectrophotometric method at 538 nm was employed. The results showed that the average nitrite concentrations in the fresh (116.48 ± 3.58 mg/kg) and refrigerated (114.77 ± 3.3 mg/kg) sausage groups did not exceed the limits established by the Codex Alimentarius (125 ppm) and INDECOPI (200 mg/kg). However, the fried sausage group (166.58 ± 19.51 mg/kg) exceeded the Codex Alimentarius limit. Regarding nitrate concentrations, the fresh sausage group had an average of 453.63 ± 18.48 mg/kg, which did not exceed the INDECOPI limit (500 mg/kg). In the refrigerated sausage group, the Tuxa brand (511.98 ± 3.11 mg/kg) exceeded the established standard, as did the fried sausage group, Otto Kunz brand (509.47 ± 0.99 mg/kg). In conclusion, nitrite concentrations in the fried sausage group exceeded the limit, as did nitrate concentrations in the Tuxa brand for the refrigerated group and the Otto Kunz brand for the fried group.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de plaguicidas organofosforado en Solanum Tuberosum L. Var. Yungay “papa“ del Mercado Mayorista de Santa Anita – enero 2015
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2015) Cupe Gonzales, Remigio; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
Over time, agricultural practices have evolved from traditional methods based on natural elements (water, sunlight, soil, manure) to industrial agriculture employing new technological resources, such as machinery and increasingly sophisticated chemical products. Consequently, pest control methods have also changed, with some farmers using pesticides that eliminate any type of pest. However, the indiscriminate use of these substances is causing contamination of water, soil, and food due to pesticide residues. The present research aimed to determine the presence of organophosphorus pesticides in Solanum tuberosum L. var. Yungay (“potato”). Samples were collected in January 2015 at the wholesale market of Santa Anita, located on Av. La Cultura, district of Santa Anita. A total of 10 samples of 1 kg each of Solanum tuberosum L. var. Yungay (“potato”) were collected equitably from different potato stalls according to the distribution map of the market. All safety measures were taken during transport to SENASA for subsequent analysis by the GC/MS method. The results showed traces of the pesticide Fipronil in one of the samples, with a concentration of 0.002 mg/kg, corresponding to 10% of the samples. It was concluded that this concentration does not exceed the maximum residue limit established by the FAO.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de plomo y arsénico en desayunos expendidos en puestos de venta ambulatoria en Cercado de Lima. Periodo junio–julio de 2017
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-07-09) Atachagua Bernuy, Shirley Naudy; Gonzales León, Lia Gabriela; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
The present research was carried out to evaluate the concentration of lead and arsenic in 120 samples of basic breakfasts consisting of a glass of quinoa and a bread with vegetable omelet, which were sold at street vending stalls in the Cercado de Lima during the period from June to July 2017. The amount of heavy metals was determined by the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry method using the Graphite Furnace technique. It should be noted that, for the present research, the sample consisting of a basic breakfast included a glass of quinoa and a bread with vegetable omelet, which were analyzed together. The levels of lead found in the quinoa drink samples showed an average of 13.29 ppb and a standard deviation of 7.36, with a minimum value of 4.425 ppb and a maximum value of 31.652 ppb. The bread with vegetable omelet samples showed an average of 12.05 ppb and a standard deviation of 3.74, with a minimum value of 6.425 ppb and a maximum value of 18.456 ppb. The levels of arsenic in both samples were not detected, probably because they were below the quantification limit of the technique or equipment used. The results of the research indicate that, in the quinoa drink and bread with vegetable omelet samples, the parameters of lead and arsenic did not exceed those indicated in the Codex Alimentarius.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de plomo y cadmio en apium graveolens (apio) y allium ampeloprasum L.var. porrum (poro) expendidos en el mercado central Santa Anita durante el período de agosto 2014 a febrero 2015
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2015) Guevara Santos, Nelly; Peralta Najarro, Nemia; Churango Valdez, Javier
The present research was conducted to evaluate the concentration of lead and cadmium in Apium graveolens (celery) and Allium ampeloprasum L. var. porrum (leek) sold at the Central Santa Anita market during the period August 2014 to February 2015. The concentration of heavy metals was determined using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry method. In celery samples, lead levels averaged 0.20 ppm, with a minimum of 0.13 ppm and a maximum of 0.33 ppm, while cadmium levels averaged 0.23 ppm, with a minimum of 0.15 ppm and a maximum of 0.59 ppm. In leek samples, lead levels averaged 0.10 ppm, with a minimum of 0.05 ppm and a maximum of 0.18 ppm, whereas cadmium levels averaged 0.38 ppm, with a minimum of 0.18 ppm and a maximum of 0.59 ppm. The results indicate that both Apium graveolens (celery) and Allium ampeloprasum L. var. porrum (leek) exceeded the maximum limits established by the Codex Alimentarius for lead and cadmium. Therefore, it can be concluded that these vegetables contain high levels of heavy metals, representing a potential health risk for consumers.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de plomo y cadmio en mollejas de pollo expendidas en el mercado Caquetá – San Martín de Porres – período Octubre–Diciembre 2014
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2015) Huamán Huamán, Dina Magali; Palacios Choque, Roxana; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
The objective of this study was to quantify lead and cadmium in chicken gizzards sold at the Caquetá Market – San Martín de Porres during the period from October to December 2014. Thirty chicken gizzard samples were collected from different vendors in the market. The method used for the quantification of lead and cadmium in chicken gizzards was Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry with a Graphite Furnace. The average lead concentration was 0.630 mg Pb/kg, with extreme values of 0.89 mg/kg, exceeding the maximum limits established by the Codex Alimentarius and the European Union in 87% of the samples. The average cadmium concentration was 0.20 mg Cd/kg, with extreme values of 0.29 mg/kg, exceeding the maximum limits reported in the study from Egypt in 100% of samples and in the Malaysian study in 90% of samples. In conclusion, the analyzed samples contain heavy metals, representing a potential health risk for consumers.