Examinando por Materia "Spectrophotometry, Atomic"

Mostrando 1 - 15 de 15

Acceso abierto
Determinación cuantitativa de arsénico, níquel y cobalto en las tintas para tatuaje corporal comercializados en Lima Metropolitana durante el periodo enero–febrero 2018
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-07-05) Idrogo Delgado, César Olmedo; Montenegro Diaz, Evelyn Marianela; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
In this research, the concentrations of Arsenic, Nickel, and Cobalt were determined in samples of tattoo inks marketed in Metropolitan Lima, in order to establish whether these were within the permissible concentrations according to EPA 0128: Environmental Protection Authority Guidelines for Tattooing and Permanent Makeup. A total of 15 samples from different brands of tattoo inks marketed in Metropolitan Lima were collected, with black, red, and blue selected as the colors most frequently used in tattoo practice. The metals were quantified by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. The average levels of Arsenic, Nickel, and Cobalt in the blue ink samples were 0.12, 0.20, and 30.0 ppm, respectively. The average levels of Arsenic, Nickel, and Cobalt in the black ink samples were 0.13, 14.29, and 0.49 ppm, respectively, while the average levels of Arsenic, Nickel, and Cobalt in the red ink samples were 0.23, 0.16, and 0.45 ppm, respectively. The values found were compared with the parameters established by EPA 0128.
Acceso abierto
Determinación cuantitativa de cadmio, plomo y cobre en hígado de ganado bovino expendidos en mercados: Central, 03 de Febrero y Camal de Yerbateros durante setiembre del 2014
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2015) Cristobal Palomares, Jhovani Walter; Cruz Orihuela, Ruth Rosalyn; Churango Valdez, Javier
The objective of this study was to quantitatively determine the concentration of cadmium, lead, and copper in bovine liver sold at the Central Market, 03 de Febrero, and the Yerbateros Slaughterhouse during September 2014. The method used for the quantification of these metals was Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry with a graphite furnace. The cadmium levels found in the twenty-five liver samples showed an average of 9.59 mg Cd/kg liver, with a minimum value of 5.89 mg/kg and a maximum value of 14.11 mg/kg. Lead levels in the samples showed an average of 52.26 mg Pb/kg liver, with a minimum of 28.34 mg/kg and a maximum of 75.85 mg/kg. Finally, copper levels in the samples showed an average of 1.70 mg Cu/kg liver, with a minimum of 0.78 mg/kg and a maximum of 3.09 mg/kg. The results indicate that the bovine liver samples exceed the established cadmium, lead, and copper limits according to the Official Mexican Standard and European Union regulations. Therefore, it is concluded that the liver samples contain Cd, Pb, and Cu above the permitted levels according to international standards, posing a potential health risk for consumers.
Acceso abierto
Determinación cuantitativa de plomo y cadmio en diez tipos de yuca (Manihot esculenta) comercializados en el mercado del distrito de San Martin de Pangoa, de la ciudad de Satipo, departamento de Junín, de enero–marzo 2017
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2017) De la O Valenzuela, Zenaida Olinda; Quispe Aguirre, Jannet; Cárdenas Orihuela, Robert Armando
This research aimed to quantitatively determine, using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, the concentration levels of lead and cadmium in ten types of cassava (Manihot esculenta) sold at the “San Martin de Pangoa District Market” in the city of Satipo, Junín department, from January to March 2017. The lead levels found had an average of 0.13 ppm, with a minimum value of 0.01 ppm and a maximum value of 0.24 ppm. The cadmium levels found had an average of 0.05 ppm, with a minimum value of 0.01 ppm and a maximum value of 0.09 ppm. The results of the present study indicate that, for the ten types of cassava (Manihot esculenta), 90% exceeded the permissible limit for lead established by the Codex Alimentarius, while 10% did not exceed this limit. Regarding cadmium, 100% of the samples did not exceed the permissible limit set by the Codex Alimentarius. These findings allow us to conclude that the presence of lead in cassava (Manihot esculenta) could have implications for consumer health.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de arsénico, cadmio y plomo en especias en polvo: ají paprika (Capsicum annuum, L.), ají panca (Capsicum chinense), pimienta (Piper nigrum) y comino (Cuminum cyminum), expendidos en el Mercado Caquetá – San Martín de Porres, Lima en el periodo enero – 2018
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-12-05) Llallahui Murga, Fiorella Margoth; Quispe Huisa, Luisa; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
The use of aromatic plants and spices in cooking constitutes a basic principle for the application of natural nutrition. Agricultural products can be contaminated with toxic heavy metals, including Arsenic, Cadmium, and Lead. High levels of these metals tend to accumulate in the soil surface, becoming accessible for consumption. The contamination of food products is becoming an inevitable problem, as air, soil, and water pollution contribute to the presence of harmful elements. The analysis of powdered spice samples showed variable concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, and lead in their composition. These values were subsequently compared with the limits established by the WHO.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de arsénico, cadmio y plomo en suplementos dietarios de origen vegetal de venta en el mercado Mundo Natural del distrito de Cercado de Lima durante el periodo mayo–agosto 2018
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-05-23) Calsina Ramos, Marina Erika; Huamán Cucho, Yvonne Bertha; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
The general objective of this study was to detect the presence of heavy metals using the Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry method for lead and cadmium, and Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry for arsenic in samples of dietary supplements of plant origin, including artichoke, camu camu, flaxseed, and tocosh, sold at the "Natural World Market" in the district of Cercado de Lima. Results: For arsenic, a minimum value of 0.11 mg/Kg was found in flaxseed supplements and a maximum value of 1.68 mg/Kg in artichoke supplements. For cadmium, a minimum value of 0.11 mg/Kg was found in flaxseed supplements and a maximum value of 0.63 mg/Kg in camu camu supplements. For lead, a minimum value of 0.18 mg/Kg was found in camu camu supplements and a maximum value of 1.28 mg/Kg in tocosh supplements. Additionally, the average values of arsenic, cadmium, and lead in the analyzed dietary supplement samples were 0.68 mg/Kg, 0.32 mg/Kg, and 0.57 mg/Kg, respectively. The methodology used USP 40 as a reference. Based on permissible limits, it was concluded that for arsenic, 12.5% of the samples exceeded the 1.5 mg/Kg limit, for cadmium, 25% of the samples exceeded the 0.5 mg/Kg limit, and for lead, 18.75% of the samples exceeded the 1.0 mg/Kg limit.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de arsénico, cadmio, plomo y mercurio en quinua (Chenopodium quinoa) expendida en los mercados de La Victoria, durante el período de enero del 2018
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-11-29) Alcocer Santivañez, Eneth Elizabeth; Huamán Huamán, Edith Cindy; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
In this investigation, the concentrations of Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury were determined in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) samples sold in the markets of La Victoria, and it was established whether these concentrations were within permissible limits according to the parameters set by MERCOSUR, the European Union, and Brazilian legislation. The technique used was Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry with Graphite Furnace and Hydride Generator. The average value of Arsenic in the samples was 0.35 ppm, with extreme values of 0.16 and 0.59, with 55% exceeding the maximum permissible limit (MPL) established by MERCOSUR. The average value of Cadmium in the samples was 0.18 ppm, with extreme values of 0.08 and 0.33, with 73% exceeding the MPL established by MERCOSUR and the European Union. The average value of Mercury in the samples was 0.005 ppm, with extreme values of 0.01 and 0.011, with 9% exceeding the MPL established by Brazilian legislation. The average value of Lead in the samples was 0.20 ppm, with extreme values of 0.11 and 0.36, with 45% exceeding the MPL established by MERCOSUR and the European Union. These results indicate that there is high contamination by Arsenic, Cadmium, and Lead in quinoa sold in the markets of La Victoria – January 2018.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de la concentración de cadmio y plomo en huevos (clara y yema) de codorniz “Coturnix coturnix” expendidos en mercados más concurridos del distrito de San Martin de Porres en Lima. Junio 2017
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-02-08) Mejía Campos, Yojana Heidy; Quispe Castro, Jenny Albina; Hernández Aguilar, Manuel Gregorio
Heavy metals are among the most widespread environmental contaminants worldwide, with Peru being one of the countries affected due to its extensive mining sector. Currently, Peru lacks regulations regarding permissible limits of these toxic substances in food. The present study aimed to determine the concentration of cadmium and lead in the egg white and yolk of quail eggs (Coturnix coturnix) sold in the busiest markets of the San Martin de Porres district. A total of twenty quail eggs were sampled, and both the egg white and yolk were analyzed together using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The results were then compared with the Mexican Official Standard NOM-159-SSA1-1996 for cadmium (0.05 mg/kg) and the MERCOSUR Technical Regulation for lead (0.1 mg/kg). The results for cadmium ranged from 0.04 mg/kg to 0.14 mg/kg, with a mean of 0.083 mg/kg, where 7 samples (35%) were below the maximum permissible limits, and 13 samples (65%) exceeded the maximum allowable values. Regarding lead, the values ranged from 0.08 mg/kg to 0.26 mg/kg, with a mean of 0.150 mg/kg, where 2 samples (10%) were below the maximum permissible limits, and 18 samples (90%) exceeded the maximum allowable values. In conclusion, the levels of cadmium and lead in quail eggs exceed the maximum permissible limits established by the aforementioned standards.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de plomo y arsénico en desayunos expendidos en puestos de venta ambulatoria en Cercado de Lima. Periodo junio–julio de 2017
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-07-09) Atachagua Bernuy, Shirley Naudy; Gonzales León, Lia Gabriela; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
The present research was carried out to evaluate the concentration of lead and arsenic in 120 samples of basic breakfasts consisting of a glass of quinoa and a bread with vegetable omelet, which were sold at street vending stalls in the Cercado de Lima during the period from June to July 2017. The amount of heavy metals was determined by the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry method using the Graphite Furnace technique. It should be noted that, for the present research, the sample consisting of a basic breakfast included a glass of quinoa and a bread with vegetable omelet, which were analyzed together. The levels of lead found in the quinoa drink samples showed an average of 13.29 ppb and a standard deviation of 7.36, with a minimum value of 4.425 ppb and a maximum value of 31.652 ppb. The bread with vegetable omelet samples showed an average of 12.05 ppb and a standard deviation of 3.74, with a minimum value of 6.425 ppb and a maximum value of 18.456 ppb. The levels of arsenic in both samples were not detected, probably because they were below the quantification limit of the technique or equipment used. The results of the research indicate that, in the quinoa drink and bread with vegetable omelet samples, the parameters of lead and arsenic did not exceed those indicated in the Codex Alimentarius.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de plomo y arsénico por absorción atómica en aguas de rio para consumo humano provenientes de caños y reservorio en el anexo de Huancapuquio, distrito de Chocos provincia de Yauyos 2017
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-06-06) Meza Poma, Milagros Zenobia; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
The concentration of Lead (Pb) and Arsenic (As) was quantified in tap water for human consumption and in water from the central reservoir originating from the Cañete River in the Huancapuquio annex, Chocos district, Yauyos province. For this purpose, 10 tap water samples and 10 samples from different points of the central reservoir were taken for both lead and arsenic analysis. The Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry with Graphite Furnace method was used for the quantification of the metals. It was found that the average lead concentration in the tap water samples was 11.8 µgPb/L, with a minimum concentration of 2.44 µgPb/L and a maximum of 26.31 µgPb/L. 50% of the samples exceeded the permissible parameters given by the WHO and the NTP (10 µgPb/L), indicating a risk of chronic intoxication and a public health problem. In the central reservoir, an average of 9.88 µgPb/L was found, with a minimum concentration of 2.54 µgPb/L and a maximum of 23.63 µgPb/L, and 40% of the samples exceeded the maximum permissible limits given by the WHO and the NTP. In the case of arsenic, the average concentration of the tap water samples was 3.39 µgAs/L, with a minimum value of 1.03 µgAs/L and a maximum of 10.53 µgAs/L. Only 5% of these samples exceeded the maximum permissible limits given by the WHO, and 100% did not exceed the NTP limits. Regarding the reservoir water, the average was 5.57 µgAs/L, with a minimum value of 0.72 µgAs/L and a maximum of 12.60 µgAs/L. Only 10% of these samples exceeded the maximum permissible limits given by the WHO (10 µgAs/L), and in both cases, the concentrations did not exceed the NTP limits (50 µgAs/L).
Acceso abierto
Determinación de plomo y cadmio en mollejas de pollo expendidas en el mercado Caquetá – San Martín de Porres – período Octubre–Diciembre 2014
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2015) Huamán Huamán, Dina Magali; Palacios Choque, Roxana; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
The objective of this study was to quantify lead and cadmium in chicken gizzards sold at the Caquetá Market – San Martín de Porres during the period from October to December 2014. Thirty chicken gizzard samples were collected from different vendors in the market. The method used for the quantification of lead and cadmium in chicken gizzards was Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry with a Graphite Furnace. The average lead concentration was 0.630 mg Pb/kg, with extreme values of 0.89 mg/kg, exceeding the maximum limits established by the Codex Alimentarius and the European Union in 87% of the samples. The average cadmium concentration was 0.20 mg Cd/kg, with extreme values of 0.29 mg/kg, exceeding the maximum limits reported in the study from Egypt in 100% of samples and in the Malaysian study in 90% of samples. In conclusion, the analyzed samples contain heavy metals, representing a potential health risk for consumers.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de plomo y cadmio por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica en leche cruda de bovino en establos lecheros del distrito de Chancay – Huaral, 2013
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2013) Mendoza Oscorima, Yeni Guisela; Medina Pillaca, Carlos Antonio; Canales Martínez, César Augusto
Milk is regarded as an almost complete food and constitutes the main element of the daily diet, as it provides proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and essential minerals. This study aimed to determine the presence of lead and cadmium in raw bovine milk from dairy farms in the district of Chancay, province of Huaral. Thirty raw milk samples were obtained from five dairy farms in different populated centers of Chancay. The samples were analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry following microwave-assisted digestion. The results showed that the average concentration of lead was 0.0186 mg/kg, below the limit established by WHO (0.02 mg/kg). However, 10 of the 30 samples (33.3%) exceeded this limit. The average cadmium concentration was 0.338 mg/kg, surpassing the Romanian Standard (0.01 mg/kg), with all 30 samples (100%) above the permissible level. In conclusion, this study underscores the importance of regularly monitoring lead and cadmium levels in milk across different regions of Peru.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de plomo y dureza cálcica en agua de consumo humano de Caja de Agua – San Juan de Lurigancho. Febrero–Marzo 2017
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-04-23) Carmona Castillo, Karina Janet; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
The study aimed to determine the lead and calcium hardness in 21 samples of human drinking water in the Caja de Agua area of the San Juan de Lurigancho district from February to March 2017. The analysis was performed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry with a graphite furnace. It was found that the average lead concentration in the water was 0.0046 mg Pb/L, with values ranging from 0.001 to 0.019 mg Pb/L. 19.0% of the analyzed samples exceeded the maximum permissible limit of 0.010 mg Pb/L for lead in drinking water, as established by the WHO and the Peruvian Ministry of Health's Regulation on Drinking Water Quality (DS N° 031-2010-SA). The average calcium hardness was 370.86 mg CaCO₃/L, with values ranging from 104.25 to 1173.25 mg CaCO₃/L. 28.57% of the samples exceeded the maximum permissible limit of 500 mg CaCO₃/L, also established by the WHO and the aforementioned Peruvian regulation.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de plomo, cadmio y arsénico en hígados de pollo expendidos en el mercado Caquetá – San Martín de Porres período de marzo–julio 2015
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2015) Espinoza Valdiviezo, Magali Karina; Suarez Zulueta, Sandra; Churango Valdez, Javier
The objective of this study was to quantitatively determine the levels of lead, cadmium, and arsenic in chicken liver sold by poultry vendors at the Caquetá Market during the period from March to July 2015. Samples were collected from 30 poultry vendors, taking one liver sample per vendor, and analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry with a graphite furnace for lead and cadmium. Arsenic was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry with hydride generation. The results showed that the average lead concentration was 0.4326 mg/kg, below the limits established by Mercosur, the European Union, and the Codex Alimentarius; however, lead concentrations in 7 out of 30 samples (23%) exceeded the established limit. The average cadmium concentration was 0.4403 mg/kg, also below the limits established by Mercosur, the European Union, and the Codex Alimentarius; nevertheless, cadmium concentrations in 10 out of 30 samples (33%) exceeded the established limit. The average arsenic concentration was 0.858 mg/kg, above the limit established by Mercosur, with 7 out of 30 samples (23%) exceeding the limit. In conclusion, the analyzed samples contain heavy metals, posing a potential risk to consumers and representing a threat to public health.
Acceso abierto
Determinación y cuantificación de plomo por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica en juguetes de plástico armable comercializados en Mesa Redonda
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2014) Benito Zevallos, Lyset Lucía; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
This research is part of the field of social toxicology, as it concerns children’s exposure to lead through toys. Lead is a highly toxic metal capable of causing irreversible damage to the central nervous system, intelligence quotient, and physical development. These health effects may manifest after 10 or 20 years of exposure, which highlights the importance of ensuring that toys are safe. The Peruvian Technical Standard 324.001-3:2008 Toy Safety – Part 3: Migration of Certain Elements prescribes a maximum limit of 90 mg/kg for lead content. The methodology employed was flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry, with a total of 40 plastic building toy samples analyzed (20 red and 20 blue). Results indicated that red toys reached a maximum value of 59.42 ppm, whereas blue toys reached a maximum of 45.60 ppm. In conclusion, the higher levels observed in red toys compared to blue ones corroborate the information presented in Health Alert No. 001-2013-JUE DIGESA, emphasizing the risks posed by lead contamination in children’s toys.
Acceso abierto
Evaluación de plomo y cadmio en papas fritas y su riesgo toxicológico en los consumidores de diez pollerías conocidas del Cercado de Lima. Setiembre–noviembre 2019
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2020-08-12) Guimarey Martin, Mercedes Tatiana; Reategui Curimozon, Judy; Llahuilla Quea, José Antonio
The purpose of our research work is to evaluate the levels of lead and cadmium in French fries and, consequently, the toxicological risk to consumers in ten well-known rotisserie chicken restaurants (“pollerías”) in the district of Cercado de Lima. A total of 64 samples, each equivalent to 250 g of French fries, and 370 surveys were collected to assess the toxicological risk. The concentration of metals was determined using the Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry method at CICOTOX. The results showed lead concentrations ranging from a minimum of 0.0040 mg/kg to a maximum of 0.0463 mg/kg, with an average of 0.073 mg/kg. For cadmium, the minimum was 0.03230 mg/kg, the maximum 0.81020 mg/kg, and the average 0.21100 mg/kg. Based on these concentrations, the estimated exposure dose was calculated as DE Pb = 0.0000000052 mg/kg/day and DE Cd = 0.0000000151 mg/kg/day. In conclusion, the concentration of lead (0.0073 mg/kg) in French fries was significantly lower in comparison with cadmium (0.2110 mg/kg), which was significantly higher than the maximum permissible limit established by the CODEX STAN 193-1995 of the WHO/FAO (0.1 mg/kg). According to the toxicological risk assessment methodology of PAHO/WHO, in the district studied there is evidence of a minimal toxicological risk from exposure to the analyzed factors.