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“5G Technology in the Digital Transformation of Healthcare, a Systematic Review“
(MDPI, 2023-02-09) Cabanillas-Carbonell, Michael; Pérez-Martínez, Jorge; Yáñez, Jaime A.
“The world is currently facing one of the biggest problems related to health and the quality of healthcare. According to the goals outlined by WHO in the blueprint for sustainable development (SDG3), one of its objectives is to achieve universal health coverage and ensure a healthy lifestyle. In this regard, it is important to monitor and track the impact of applications that help address this problem. This systematic review provides an analysis of the impact of the 5G network on the use of apps to improve healthcare. An analysis of 343 articles was performed, obtaining 66 relevant articles, the articles were categorized into research conducted with fiber optic backbone network as well as future research. The main medical applications were identified as: telesurgery, mobile ultrasound, biosensor technology, robotic surgery and connected ambulance. In addition, it is classified and answer questions such as the most used to improve medical care and health quality, 5G-based applications used in media to improve medical care and health quality, databases and programming languages in telemedicine are the most used in 5G-based applications, the functionality available for telemedicine based on the use of 5G-based applications.“
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A bibliometric analysis of 47-years of research on public health in Peru
(Modestum LTD, 2023-03-21) Sevillano-Jimenez, Javier; Carrión-Chambilla, Mario; Espinoza-Lecca, Eduardo; Mori-Quispe, Elizabeth; Contreras-Pulache, Hans; Moya-Salazar, Jeel
“Objectives: To measure Peruvian scientific production on public health in Scopus database. Methods: Bibliometric study using advanced Scopus web search engine (https://www.scopus.com/search/ form.uri?display=advanced). The inclusion criteria were the publications of articles related to public health between 1973 and 2020. The equation was used as a strategy: TITLE-ABS-CLAVE (“public health”) AND AFFILCOUNTRY (Peru) AND (EXCLUDE (PUBYEAR, 2021) OR EXCLUDE (PUBYEAR, 2020)). SCImago journal & country rank was used to determine the impact factor (h-index) and the quartile of the journals identified. The analysis included in SPSS v24.0 included years of publication, institutions, h-index, list of authors with the most publications, publication types, and journals. Results: 903 articles published by 7.5±12.5 authors were included, showing that 74.5% were original articles written mainly in English (77.7%). The publications for the year 1973 and 2019 were 3 (0.3%) and 98 (10.9%), respectively. In addition, it was shown that the most productive institutions were the Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia (42.9%) and the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (13.1%). The journal with the highest number of Peruvian publications was Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública (RPMESP) [Peruvian Journal of Experimental Medicine and Public Health (PJEMPH)] (17.5%) and PLoS ONE (2.88%). Conclusions: The present study showed in the magazines with the highest number of citations and therefore greater visualization, where Peruvian publications in this area were published, with this the future readers can take these magazines into consideration so that their publications have a greater visualization. In addition to this, the study shows the largest institutions that have a great impact on Peruvian publications in public health in Scopus, this invites researchers to analyze the research methodologies that these institutions follow in order to disclose them for reproduction in new entities interested in research.“
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A cross-sectional study to assess the level of satisfaction with virtual education in Peruvian medical students
(Frontiers SA, 2022-10-06) Grados-Espinoza, Pamela; Zila-Velasque, J Pierre; Soriano-Moreno, David R; Regalado-Rodríguez, Kateriny Margot; Sosa-Nuñez, Frank; Barzola-Farfán, William; Gronerth, Jim; Guizado, Lucia; Mejia, Christian R
“Objectives: Education has totally changed in the context of the pandemic. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the factors associated with the level of satisfaction with virtual education in Peruvian medical students during COVID-19. Methods: Analytical and cross-sectional study, based on an online survey of students nationwide. We use previously validated instruments to measure the level of satisfaction and stress (EPP-10-c) of students with virtual education. For the associated factors, adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated using Poisson regression. Results: Of the 1,878 students surveyed, the median age was 21 years, 57.8% (1,086) were women, 34.8% (654) had a high level of satisfaction with virtual education and 10.7% (202) presented high levels of stress. The factors associated with a low level of satisfaction were attending the fifth year of study, the partial and non-virtual adaptation of the university to virtual education, and a high level of stress. On the other hand, the factors associated with a high level of satisfaction were the education platform used and the study method used. Conclusion: Seven out of 10 students presented a low level of satisfaction with virtual education, 1 out of 10 presented a high level of stress. The factors associated with the low level of satisfaction were attending the fifth year of study, the non-virtual and partial adaptation of the university to virtual education, and the high level of stress.“
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A Functional Assessment Tool to Distinguish Controls From Alzheimer’s Disease in Lima, Peru
(SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC, 2022) Custodio, Nilton; Montesinos, Rosa; Chambergo-Michilot, Diego; Herrera-Perez, Eder; Pintado-Caipa, Maritza; Seminario, Wendy; Cuenca, Jose; Mesía, Laura; Failoc-Rojas, Virgilio E; Diaz, Monica M
Background: The Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study-Activities of Daily Living (ADCS-ADL) scale is a versatile functional assessment tool for patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We evaluated its performance in controls, Peruvians with MCI or AD. Methods: A cross-sectional study of older adults attending a neurology institute in Lima (Peru) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), AD or cognitively healthy. Test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient, ICC; internal consistency, Cronbach’s alpha) and validity were assessed. Results: We enrolled 276 individuals (AD: 113, MCI: 68, controls: 95) with no age, sex, educational level, and depressive symptom differences. Reliability was ideal (ICC: .996), and Cronbach’s alpha was adequate (.937). The ADCS-ADL could not differentiate MCI from controls but did differentiate AD severity. The ADCS-ADL correlated highly with nearly all tools. Conclusions: The ADCS-ADL scale is reliable in a population with AD in Lima, Peru. Future work may validate a tool for Peruvians with lower educational levels.
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A nationwide pilot study on breast cancer screening in Peru
(CANCER INTELLIGENCE LTD, 2023-01-09) Araujo, Jhajaira M.; Gómez, Andrea C.; Zingg-De Jongh, Winston; Ausejo, Jhon; Córdova, Iván; Schwarz, Luis J.; Bretel, Denisse; Fajardo, Williams; Saravia-Huarca, Luis G.; Barboza-Meca, Joshuan; Morante, Zaida; Guillén, Juan R.; Gómez, Henry; Cárdenas, Nadezhda K.; Hernández, Lady; Melo, Walter; Villarreal-Garza, Cynthia; Caglevic, Christian; Palacio, Carolina; García, Héctor; Mejía, Gerson; Flores, Claudio; Vallejos, Carlos; Pinto, Joseph A.
“Introduction: A high prevalence of advanced breast cancer (BC) is a common scenario in Latin America. In Peru, the frequency of BC at Stages III/IV is ≈50% despite implementation of a programme for breast cancer screening (BCS) along the country. We carried out a study to assess the feasibility and develop an instrument to evaluate the knowledge, barriers and perception about BCS in a nationwide pilot study in Peru among candidates for BCS. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of 2,558 reports indexed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Medline-Ovid and EMBASE, regarding to our study theme. In total, 111 were selected and a 51-items survey was developed (eight items about sociodemographic characteristics). Patients were recruited in public hospitals or private clinics, in rural and urban areas of nine departments of Peru. Results: We surveyed 488 women from: Lima (150), Cajamarca (93), Ica (59), Arequipa (56), Loreto (48), Ancash (38), Junín (15), Puerto Maldonado (15) and Huancavelica (14); 27.9% of them were from rural areas. The mean of age was 53.3 years (standard deviation ± 9.1). Regarding education level, 29.8% had primary, 33.2% secondary and 37.0% higher education. In total, 28.7% of women did not know the term ‘mammogram’ and 47.1% reported never receiving a BCS (36.9% from urban and 73.5% from rural population). In women that underwent BCS, only 67% knew it is for healthy women. In total, 54.1% of patients had low levels of knowledge about risk factors for BC (i.e. 87.5% of women respond that injuries in the breast produce cancer). Cultural, economic and geographic barriers were significantly associated with having a mammogram where 56.9% of participants considered a cost ≤ 7 USD as appropriate. Mammogram was perceived as too painful for 54.9% of women. In addition, women with a self-perception of low-risk for BC and a fatalistic perception of cancer were less likely to have a BCS. Conclusion: We found that it is feasible to conduct a large-scale study in Peru. The results of this pilot study highlight an urgent need of extensive education and awareness about BCS in Peru.“
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“A Systematic Review of Earned Value Management Methods for Monitoring and Control of Project Schedule Performance: An AHP Approach “
(MDPI, 2022-11-17) Mayo-Alvarez, Luis; Alvarez-Risco, Aldo; Del-Aguila-Arcentales, Shyla; Sekar, M. Chandra; Yáñez, Jaime A.
“: Successful project management depends on ensuring the project’s objectives. Within these objectives, technical success is associated with achieving the expectations of the project baseline. The baseline of the project is made up of the definition of the scope (WBS), time (schedule) and costs (S curve) of the project. Directly, the project is expected to be technically successful if it manages to deliver its full scope on schedule and without associated cost overruns. Baseline performance management is how project managers track and control the progress of deliverables, timelines and associated costs. In a traditional approach, for waterfall-type projects that use the critical path paradigm, the baseline performance management tool par excellence is earned value management (EVM). Earned value management, in practice, works well when project costs are monitored and controlled; however, applying this approach to measure the status of the schedule presents serious inconsistencies. Over the last several decades, different variations of the original earned value have been developed to overcome some of these inconsistencies when used to measure project schedule status. Within these variations, we have the critical path earned value; the work in progress earned value; the critical path earned value and the work in progress; the earned schedule; and the critical path earned schedule. Each of these proposals tries to address some weakness of the original earned value management applied to time monitoring and control, for example, considering critical tasks as a focus on monitoring the progress of the schedule, solving the problem of task recognition late finishers, reporting schedule variances in time units and measuring adherence to the project’s schedule (P factor). Due to the exposed situation, it is necessary to determine which alternative of the versions of the original earned value is the most appropriate for the management of the project schedule, considering that there are several evaluation criteria that must be considered. In the present research, a systematic review and comparison of EVM and its variations for measuring project baseline schedule performance are performed to determine the most suitable methods for monitoring and controlling the project baseline schedule. For this purpose, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is used, and five comparison criteria are considered: schedule variation focused on critical tasks, recognition and measurement of the delay of tasks that finish late, schedule variation in time units, measurement of schedule adherence (P factor) and software support and development. The result of the AHP performed for comparing the methods shows that the best method for monitoring and controlling the project baseline schedule is the critical path earned schedule because it behaves adequately in comparison with the other methods for the evaluated comparison categories.“
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Acute Hepatic and Renal Toxicity Assessment of Euphorbia huanchahana (Klotzsch & Garcke) Boissier (Huachangana) in Holtzman Rats
(MDPI, 2022-06-30) Villafuerte, Graciela; Ñañez, Daniel; Félix, Luis M.; Moya-Salazar, Marcia M.; Torres-Véliz, Ernesto R.; Ramos, Antonio G.; Contreras-Pulache, Hans; Moya-Salazar, Marcia M.
Background:Euphorbia huachahana (Klotzch & Garcke) Boissier (Huachangana)(EhKGBh)has been used for over a century for medicinal purposes in the Peruvian population; however, itssafety and possible toxic effects of use have not been reported. The purpose of this study was todetermine the acute hepatic and renal toxicity of EhKGBh in Holtzman rats. Methods: Analyticaland experimental study. The population consisted of 52 rats of both sexes weighing between 300 and350 g divided into four groups: G1 and G2 EhKGBh groups (26 rats each) and two control groups(10 rats each). The experimental group was administered EhKGBh at a single dose of 2000 mg/kg P.O.to demonstrate toxicity during the 14-day follow-up. A daily assessment of alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TBIL), andconjugated bilirubin (CBIL) was performed. Results: Evaluation of the liver tissue showed mildchanges in inflammation, predominantly vascular, with small clots. Kidney tissue did not showinflammatory or necrotic changes. However, we showed differences in the weight of the rats betweenboth groups (p< 0.004) and significant increases in TBIL (0.98–1.07 mg/dL), CBIL (0.43–0.45 mg/dL),AST (126.4–141.8 U/L), and ALP (254–298 U/L) but not ALT (39.7–41.1 U/L) (p< 0.05). Conclusion:The single dose of EhKGBh extract at 2000 mg/kg has no toxicity, and there is no change in tissuetoxicity during the 14-day follow-up.
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Adaptation and Validation of a Monkeypox Concern Instrument in Peruvian Adults
(MDPI, 2022-09-28) Mamani-Benito, Oscar; Carranza Esteban, Renzo Felipe; Pichen Fernández, Juan; Apaza Tarqui, Edison Effer; Mejia, Christian R.; Alvarez-Risco, Aldo; Del-Aguila-Arcentales, Shyla; Yáñez, Jaime A.
La viruela del simio está causando gran preocupación en la sociedad por su gran poder infectivo y la posibilidad de que se convierta en una nueva pandemia. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo adaptar y validar la escala de preocupación por la viruela del simio en la población adulta peruana (EP-VIR-MONK). Se realizó un estudio transversal instrumental bajo un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia con 779 adultos de las tres regiones del Perú (costa, sierra y selva). El instrumento fue adaptado en base a un instrumento previamente validado relacionado con la preocupación que genera el COVID-19 en el Perú. La validez de contenido se calculó con el coeficiente V de Aiken, la estructura interna con análisis factorial confirmatorio y la confiabilidad con el coeficiente omega. La primera evidencia de validez de EP-VIR-MONK basada en su contenido, estructura interna, y confiabilidad en una muestra de adultos peruanos se presenta aquí. Por lo tanto, puede ser de ayuda para el manejo de la prevención de las alteraciones de la salud mental derivadas de la proliferación de la viruela del simio en el Perú.
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Alterations in the coagulation markers did not show differences with the severity of COVID-19 in Peruvian patients: A cross-sectional single-center study
(HEALTH SCIENCE REPORTS, 2023-03-15) Moya-Salazar, Jeel; Cóndor, Liliana Y.; Zuñiga, Nahomi; Jaime-Quispe, Alexis; Moya-Salazar, Jeel; Chicoma-Flores, Karina; Cañari, Betsy; Contreras-Pulache, Hans
Background and Aims:COVID‐19 is a pandemic disease that can lead to alteredlung function, systemic inflammatory events, and altered coagulation. During severestages of the disease, changes in coagulation homeostasis increase, leading tothrombosis, and increased risk of death. In this cross‐sectional study, we aimedto assess coagulation markers by COVID‐19 severity in Peruvian adults.Methods:During the second wave of infections, we included 186 adults diagnosedwith COVID‐19 (mean age 53.3 ± 16.3 years). Patients were divided into mild,moderate, and severe stages of COVID‐19, and coagulation markers includedprothrombin time (PT), activated partial prothrombin time (aPTT), fibrinogen,D‐dimer, and platelet count.Results:Of the total, 120 (64.5%) were males and 39 (21%) were in the intensivecare unit. We determine 104 (55.9%), 43 (24.7%), and 36 (19.4%) patients in mild,moderate, and severe stages of COVID‐19, respectively. In the severe stage ofCOVID‐19, patients had an average concentration of PT, aPTT, fibrinogen,D‐dimer,and platelets of 13.2 ± 0.9 s, 28.9 ± 4.3 s, 679.4 ± 185.1 mg/dL, 1.9 ± 3.1 μg/mL, and272.8 ± 88.9 cel/10 mm,3respectively. We found no differences in the concentra-tion of each marker according to severity (p< 0.05). Patients with severe COVID‐19had altered the aPTT, fibrinogen,D‐dimer, and PT in 31 (57.4%), 48 (88.9%), 37(68.5%), and 15 (27.8%) cases, respectively.Conclusions:Our results showed that although there is an alteration in coagulationmarkers, mainly fibrinogen andD‐fiber, there are no differences in concentrationaccording to the severity of COVID‐19
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Analysis of the Impact of the Pandemic on the Growth, Use, and Development of E-Business: A Systematic Review of the Literature
(MDPI, 2023-04-18) Ambrosio-Pérez, Milagros; Cabanillas-Carbonell, Michael; Iparraguirre-Villanueva, Orlando
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected various sectors in multiple countries, among them the economic sector has been one of the most affected, so the search for tools or measures for the continuation of sales and processes became recurrent, finding in e-business and its components precise tools to counteract the situation. Therefore, the present research aims to analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the use, growth, and development of e-business by conducting a systematic literature review using the PRISMA methodology, collecting scientific articles covering the period of the pandemic from databases such as IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect, Scopus, EBSCO, and IOPScience. Despite the limitations in access to scientific articles, it could be concluded that within the main characteristics identified, e-business tools in general allowed many businesses to continue subsisting and making sales thanks to the increase in online users due to the COVID-19 lockdowns. Although it was identified that the adoption of these tools lacked policies, limitations, and supports from governments, the perception of their use was positive in that they were considered safe and efficient.
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“Antarctic yeasts as a source of L-asparaginase: Characterization of a glutaminase-activity free L-asparaginase from psychrotolerant yeast Leucosporidium scottii L115“
(Elsevier Ltd, 2023-03-08) Sanchez-Moguel, Ignacio; Costa-Silva, Tales A.; Pillaca-Pullo, Omar S.; Flores-Santos, Juan Carlos; Barros Freire, Rominne Karla; Carretero, Gustavo; Bueno, Júlia da Luz; Camacho-Cordova, David I.; Santos, Joáo H.P.M.; Sette, Lara Duraes; Pessoa-Jr., Adalberto
“Microorganisms from extreme environments, such as the Antarctic ecosystems, have a great potential to produce enzymes with novel characteristics. Within this context, L-asparaginase (ASNase) obtained from yeast species has been poorly studied. In this study, yeasts isolated from samples collected at Admiralty Bay (King George Island, Antarctica) were tested to produce ASNase. From an initial screening of 40 strains, belonging to 13 different species, Leucosporidium scottii L115 produced an ASNase activity (LsASNase activity: 6.24 U g-1 of dry cell weight) with the lowest glutaminase activity. The LsASNase was purified 227-fold, with a specific activity of 137.01 U mg-1 at 37 ◦C, without glutaminase activity. Moreover, the maximum enzyme activity was observed at pH 7.5 and at a temperature of 55 ◦C. The enzyme is a multimer of 462 kDa, presenting a single band of 53 kDa molecular mass in reduced conditions; after PGNase F treatment, a single band of 45 kDa was observed. The enzymatic kinetic evaluation revealed an allosteric regulation of the enzyme and the kinetic parameters were determined at 37 ◦C, pH 7.0 as substrate affinity constant, K0.5 = 233 μM, kcat = 54.7 s − 1 and Hill coefficient, nH = 1.52, demonstrating positive cooperativity by the enzyme and the substrate. This is the first study to report L. scottii as a source of glutaminase-activity free L-asparaginase, an acute lymphoblastic leukemia drug feature suitable for the treatment of asparagine synthetase negative cancer cells.“
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Antibacterial and Antiadhesion Effects of Psidium guajava Fractions on a Multispecies Biofilm Associated with Periodontitis
(Association of Support to Oral Health Research (APESB), 2022) Millones Gómez, Pablo Alejandro; Requena Mendizábal, Margarita Fe; Calla Poma, Roger Damaso; Rosales Cifuentes, Tania Valentina; Malpartida Quispe, Federico Martin; Maurtua Torres, Dora Jesús; Bacilio Amaranto, Reyma Evelyn; Minchón Medina, Carlos Alberto; Ponce Contreras, Lusin Antonio
Objective: To assess the antibacterial activity of Psidium guajava fractions and their effects on adhesion of a multispecies biofilm consisting of Streptococcus gordonii, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis in vitro. Material and Methods: Guava leaves were obtained from the mountains of northern Peru, where they grow wild and free of pesticides. The antimicrobial activity of 25 mg/mL petroleum ether, 25 mg/mL dichloromethane and 25 mg/mL methanol fractions of P. guajava was evaluated by measuring inhibition halos, as well as the effect on the adhesion of multispecies biofilms at 4, 7 and 10 days of growth by measuring the optical density. In addition, antimicrobial susceptibility was compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test and its multiple comparison tests, and differences in mean biofilm adhesion between each fraction were assessed by repeated measures analysis and the Tukey multiple comparison test. Results: The rank-based Kruskal-Wallis test highlighted differences in the effects of the fractions on the zone of inhibition for each oral bacterium, including S. gordonii(p=0.000), F. nucleatum (p=0.000), and P. gingivalis (p=0.000), the Tukey test showed that the group treated with 0.12% chlorhexidine exhibited the least amount of adhesion, followed by the group treated with the 1.56 mg/mL methanol fraction. Conclusion: The methanol fraction of P. guajava had an antibacterial effect on S. gordonii and P. gingivalis, and the 1.56 mg/mL methanol fraction decreased biofilm adhesion.
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Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Functionalized Cotton Fabric with Nanocomposite Based on Silver Nanoparticles and Carboxymethyl Chitosan
(MDPI, 2022-05-30) Arenas-Chávez, Carlos Alberto; De Hollanda, Luciana Maria; Arce-Esquivel, Arturo A.; Aldo Alvarez-Risco; Del-Aguila-Arcentales, Shyla; Yáñez, Jaime A.; Vera-Gonzales, Corina
“Cotton is the most widely used natural fiber for textiles; however, the capacity of cotton fibers to absorb large amounts of moisture, retain oxygen, and have a high specific surface area makes them more prone to microbial contamination, becoming an appropriate medium for the growth of bacteria and fungi. In recent years, the incorporation of silver nanoparticles in textile products has been widely used due to their broad-spectrum antibacterial activity and low toxicity towards mammalian cells. The aim of the current study is to continue the assessment of our developed nanocomposite and evaluate the antibacterial and antifungal activity of the nanocomposite based on silver nanoparticles and carboxymethyl chitosan (AgNPs-CMC) against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans, evaluated by the well diffusion method. The antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus was also evaluated by the qualitative method of inhibition zone and the quantitative method of colony counting. Likewise, the antifungal activity of the functionalized fabric against Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger was determined by the inhibition zone method and the antifungal activity method GBT 24346-2009, respectively. The functionalized fabric showed 100% antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus and good antifungal activity against C. albicans and A. niger. Our results indicate that the functionalized fabric could be used in garments for hospital use to reduce nosocomial infections. “
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Antigen-Induced IL-1RA Production Discriminates Active and Latent Tuberculosis Infection
(MDPI, 2023-05-25) Sanchez, Cesar; Jaramillo-Valverde, Luis; Capristano, Silvia; Solis, Gilmer; Soto, Alonso; Valdivia-Silva, Julio; Poterico, Julio A.; Guio, Heinner
The IGRA (Interferon Gamma Release Assays) test is currently the standard specific test for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection status. However, a positive test cannot distinguish between active tuberculosis disease (ATBD) and latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Developing a test with this characteristic is needed. We conducted longitudinal studies to identify a combination of antigen peptides and cytokines to discriminate between ATBD and LTBI. We studied 54 patients with ATBD disease and 51 with LTBI infection. Cell culture supernatant from cells stimulated with overlapping Mycobacterium tuberculosis novel peptides and 40 cytokines/chemokines were analyzed using the Luminex technology. To summarize longitudinal measurements of analyte levels, we calculated the area under the curve (AUC). Our results indicate that in vitro cell stimulation with a novel combination of peptides (Rv0849-12, Rv2031c-14, Rv2031c-5, and Rv2693-06) and IL-1RA detection in culture supernatants can discriminate between LTBI and ATBD.
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Antiviral Treatment against Monkeypox: A Scoping Review
(MDPI, 2022-11-10) Ortiz-Saavedra, Brando; León-Figueroa, Darwin A.; Montes-Madariaga, Elizbet S.; Ricardo-Martínez, Alex; Alva, Niza; Cabanillas-Ramirez, Cielo; Barboza, Joshuan J.; Siddiq, Abdelmonem; Coaguila Cusicanqui, Luis A.; Bonilla-Aldana, D. Katterine; Rodriguez-Morales, Alfonso J.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the increase in reports of human monkeypox virus infection cases spreading in many countries outside Africa is a major cause for concern. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the evidence of antiviral pharmacotherapy available for the treatment of adult patients with monkeypox. A scoping review of the literature was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and CENTRAL databases until 12 September 2022. The key search terms used were “monkeypox” and “treatment”. A total of 1927 articles were retrieved using the search strategy. After removing duplicates (n = 1007) and examining by title, abstract, and full text, 11 studies reporting case reports of monkeypox with antiviral treatment were included, detailing the number of monkeypox cases, clinical manifestations, number of participants with antiviral treatment, history of sexually transmitted diseases, method of diagnosis, location of skin lesions, drugs used in antiviral treatment, route of administration, and outcome. A total of 1281 confirmed cases of monkeypox have been reported, of which 65 monkeypox cases had antiviral treatment distributed most frequently in the United States (n = 30), the United Kingdom (n = 6), and Spain (n = 6). Of the total cases, 1269 (99.1%) were male with an age range of 18 to 76 years, and 1226 (95.7%) had a sexual behavior of being men who have sex with men. All confirmed cases of monkeypox were diagnosed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The most frequent clinical manifestations were skin lesions, fever, lymphadenopathy, headache, fatigue, and myalgia. The most frequent locations of the lesions were perianal, genital, facial, and upper and lower extremities. The most commonly used drugs for antiviral treatment of monkeypox were: tecovirimat, cidofovir, and brincidofovir. All patients had a complete recovery. According to current evidence, the efficacy and safety of antiviral drugs against monkeypox is of low quality and scarce.
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Application of Learning Software in Basic Education Students with Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic Review of the Literature
(International Association of Online Engineering, 2023-02-16) Vasquez Ubaldo, Alfredo; Gutierrez-Barreto, Vanessa; Sierra-Liñan, Fernando; Cabanillas-Carbonell, Michael
The world is currently facing the problem of the lack of education in basic education for students with intellectual disabilities. Therefore, it is important to follow up and monitor the various learning software that helps to address this problem. The study carried out is a review of scientific literature, which gathers research and studies, through a search in several databases: Dialnet, EBSCO, ERIC, IEEE Xplore, Redalyc, SAGE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Wiley. Likewise, according to certain previously defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of two hundred (200) scientific articles were systematized, showing the digital technologies that facilitate the control, follow-up, and monitoring of the education of these students.
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“Artificial Intelligence Model Based on Grey Clustering to Access Quality of Industrial Hygiene: A Case Study in Peru“
(MDPI, 2023-03-03) Delgado, Alexi; Condori, Ruth; Hernández, Miluska; Lee Huamani, Enrique; Andrade-Arenas, Laberiano
Industrial hygiene is a preventive technique that tries to avoid professional illnesses and damage to health caused by several possible toxic agents. The purpose of this study is to simultaneously analyze different risk factors (body vibration, lighting, heat stress and noise), to obtain an overall risk assessment of these factors and to classify them on a scale of levels of Unacceptable, Not recommended or Acceptable. In this work, an artificial intelligence model based on the grey clustering method was applied to evaluate the quality of industrial hygiene. The grey clustering method was selected, as it enables the integration of objective factors related to hazards present in the workplace with subjective employee evaluations. A case study, in the three warehouses of a beer industry in Peru, was developed. The results obtained showed that the warehouses have an acceptable level of quality. These results could help industries to make decisions about conducting evaluations of the different occupational agents and determine whether the quality of hygiene represents a risk, as well as give certain recommendations with respect to the factors presented.
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Association between alcohol consumption and overweight among university students in Latin America
(SOC CHILENA NUTRICION, BROMATOLOGIA & TOXICOLOGIA, 2023-05-21) Parra-Soto, Solange ; Araya, Carolina ; Morales, Gladys ; Araneda Flores, Jacqueline ; Landaeta-Díaz, Leslie ; Gabriela Murillo, Ana; Gomez, Georgina ; Ríos-Castillo, Israel ; Carpio-Arias, Valeria ; Cavagnari, Brian M ; Nava-Gonzalez, Edna J. ; Bejarano-Roncancio, Jhon Jairo ; Núñez-Martínez, Beatriz Elizabeth ; Cordón-Arrivillag, Karla ; Meza-Miranda, Eliana Romina ; Mauricio-Alza, Saby ; Durán Agüero, Samuel
Introducción: El sobrepeso y la obesidad son problemas de salud pública de nivel mundial. Si bien existe información respecto al consumo de alcohol en estudiantes universitarios durante la pandemia, pocos autores han señalado la asociación entre este hábito y el exceso de peso en esta población. El objetivo fue determinar la asociación entre el consumo de alcohol y el exceso de peso en estudiantes universitarios de 10 países de Latinoamérica durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio transversal y multicéntrico con 4.539 estudiantes universitarios matriculados en diez países de América Latina. Para la valoración del consumo de alcohol se utilizó la pregunta ¿Consumes bebidas alcohólicas? (1 porción 1 vaso de 200 ml). El índice de masa corporal (IMC) se determinó a partir del peso y la altura auto informado. Para determinar si el exceso de peso (IMC ≥25 kg/m2 ) estaba asociado con el consumo de alcohol, se utilizó un análisis de regresión logística, ajustado por edad, sexo, año de estudio, nivel socioeconómico, actividad física y tabaquismo. Resultados: Entre los estudiantes con estado nutricional normal, un 59,6% no consumía alcohol, mientras entre los que presentaban un exceso de peso era un 55,1%. Los estudiantes que consumían 2 o más porciones de alcohol al día tenían 2,18 veces más riesgo de tener exceso de peso (OR: 2.18 [95% IC: 1,26 a 3,77]), comparado con aquellos que no consumían alcohol. Conclusión: Se observó que aquellos estudiantes que consumieron más alcohol tuvieron más probabilidades de tener exceso de peso. Palabras clave: Alcohol; Índice de masa corporal; Obesidad; Sobrepeso; Universitarios.
Acceso abierto
Association between childhood trauma and mental health disorders in adolescents during the second pandemic wave of COVID-19, Chiclayo-Peru
(FRONTIERS MEDIA SA, 2023-06-22) Valladares-Garrido, Mario J. ; León-Figueroa, Darwin A. ; Dawson, Franccesca M. ; Burga-Cachay, Stefany C. ; Fernandez-Canani, Maria A. ; Failoc-Rojas, Virgilio E. ; Pereira-Victorio, César Johan ; Valladares-Garrido, Danai ; Inga-Berrospi, Fiorella
Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected mental health, with children and adolescents being particularly vulnerable. Evidence on the association between childhood trauma and mental health outcomes in schoolchildren during the pandemic is limited. This study aimed to evaluate this relationship in Chiclayo city, northern Peru, during the second wave of COVID-19. Methods: A cross-sectional secondary data study was conducted, measuring childhood trauma using the Marshall’s Trauma Scale, depressive symptomatology (PHQ-9), and anxiety symptomatology (GAD-7). Additional variables assessed were alcohol use (AUDIT), resilience (abbreviated CD-RISC), and socio-educational data. Prevalence ratios were estimated using generalized linear models. Results: Among 456 participants, 88.2% were female, with a mean age of 14.5 years (SD: 1.33). Depressive symptomatology prevalence was 76.3% (95%CI: 72.14– 80.15) and increased by 23% in schoolchildren with childhood trauma (PR: 1.23; 95%CI: 1.10–1.37). Factors positively associated with depressive symptomatology included increasing age, seeking mental health help during the pandemic, and severe family dysfunction. Anxiety symptomatology prevalence was 62.3% (95%CI: 57.65–66.75) and increased by 55% in schoolchildren with childhood trauma (PR: 1.55; 95%CI: 1.31–1.85). Anxiety symptomatology was positively associated with mild, moderate, and severe family dysfunction. Conclusion: Schoolchildren exposed to childhood trauma are at increased risk for depressive and anxiety symptoms. Monitoring the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on adolescent mental health is vital. These findings can assist schools in establishing effective measures to prevent mental health outcomes.
Acceso abierto
Association between Family Dysfunction and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in School Students during the Second COVID-19 Epidemic Wave in Peru
(MDPI, 2022-07-30) Fernandez-Canani, Maria A.; Burga-Cachay, Stefany C.; Valladares-Garrido, Mario J.
“Although the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on children and adolescents’ mental health has been studied, there is still scarce evidence of the influence of nuclear family on the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study aimed to determine the association between family dysfunction and PTSD in Peruvian high-school students during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a virtual survey administered to 562 high-school students in three schools in Chiclayo, Peru. The dependent variable was PTSD, which was measured with the Child PTSD Symptom Scale. Family dysfunction was the main independent variable, measured with the Family APGAR Questionnaire. Prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated with generalized linear models. Most of the students were female (88.3%) and the average age was 14.4 years. We found that 21.4% showed severe family dysfunction and 60.3% had PTSD. Students with mild and moderate family dysfunction had 37% (PR: 1.37; 95% CI: 1.14–1.65) and 26% (PR: 1.26; 95% CI: 1.04–1.54) higher PTSD prevalence, respectively. In conclusion, family dysfunction may influence the development of PTSD in adolescents. This study suggests the importance to develop a healthy family environment to help adolescents face critical situations experienced during the pandemic“

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