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Publicación Acceso abierto Predictive machine learning applying cross industry standard process for data mining for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus type 2(Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science, 2023-01-30) Garcia-Rios, Victor; Marres-Salhuana, Marieta; Sierra-Liñan, Fernando; Cabanillas-Carbonell, MichaelCurrently, type 2 diabetes mellitus is one of the world's most prevalent diseases and has claimed millions of people's lives. The present research aims to know the impact of the use of machine learning in the diagnostic process of type 2 diabetes mellitus and to offer a tool that facilitates the diagnosis of the dis-ease quickly and easily. Different machine learning models were designed and compared, being random forest was the algorithm that generated the model with the best performance (90.43% accuracy), which was integrated into a web platform, working with the PIMA dataset, which was validated by specialists from the Peruvian League for the Fight against Diabetes organization. The result was a decrease of (A) 88.28% in the information collection time, (B) 99.99% in the diagnosis time, (C) 44.42% in the diagnosis cost, and (D) 100% in the level of difficulty, concluding that the application of machine learning can significantly optimize the diagnostic process of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Publicación Acceso abierto Narrative Review on the Therapeutic Approach to Violence against Women during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Latin America(Horizon Research Publishing, 2023) Cjuno, Julio; Ordóñez León, Patricia; Richard, Sara; Quinteros, Damaris; Hernández, Ronald M.Violence against women during the pandemic has become a problem that has affected the world and to date has caused the death of many women. Although mental health has shown a growing interest in research, it is still very susceptible to being affected. This research described the scientific literature on the challenges in the psychotherapeutic approach in victims of violence against women during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latin America. A narrative review was carried out with a search of documents in the Scopus, Web of Science and PubMed databases, using descriptors for women, violence against women, COVID-19 and Latin America. As a result, 12 studies were included, which reported that the use of helplines, digital platforms of care and teletherapy were advantageous in several Latin American countries during the pandemic; difficulties were found in the accessibility of care for cases, collapse of telephone lines, technical problems of the system and the need for training for health professionals and service providers. It can be concluded that the coping strategies most used during the pandemic were the help services, through telephone and virtual care; there was difficulty in following up and monitoring the case in the medium and long terms, so further studies could focus on it. The main limitation of this work is methodological, since a number of studies could have been excluded from the searches for not including some of the terms in the search equation.Publicación Acceso abierto Infant mortality rates and pneumococcal vaccines: a time-series trend analysis in 194 countries, 1950–2020(BMJ Publishing Group, 2023-07-01) Carlos A Sanchez, Carlos A; Rivera-Lozada, Oriana; Lozada-Urbano, MichellePneumonia due to Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is a major cause of mortality in infants (children under 1 year of age), and pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs), delivered during the first year of life, are available since the year 2000. Given those two premises, the conclusion follows logically that favourable impact reported for PCVs in preventing pneumococcal disease should be reflected in the infant mortality rates (IMRs) from all causes. Using publicly available datasets, country-level IMR estimates from UNICEF and PCV introduction status from WHO, country-specific time series analysed the temporal relationship between annual IMRs and the introduction of PCVs, providing a unique context into the long-term secular trends of IMRs in countries that included and countries that did not include PCVs in their national immunisation programmes. PCV status was available for 194 countries during the period 1950–2020: 150 (77.3%) of these countries achieved nationwide PCV coverage at some point after the year 2000, 13 (6.7%) achieved only partial or temporary PCV coverage, and 31 (15.9%) never introduced PCVs to their population. One hundred and thirty-nine (92.7%) of countries that reported a decreasing (negative) trend in IMR, also reported a strong correlation with decreasing maternal mortality rates (MMRs), suggesting an improvement in overall child/ mother healthcare. Conversely, all but one of the countries that never introduced PCVs in their national immunisation programme also reported a decreasing trend in IMR that strongly correlates with MMRs. IMRs have been decreasing for decades all over the world, but this latest decrease may not be related to PCVs.Publicación Acceso abierto High Levels of Academic Procrastination do not Influence the Academic Performance of Nursing Students during Internship(Bentham Science Publishers, 2023-08-11) Moya-Salazar, Jeel; Rodriguez, A. Amelia; Goicochea-Palomino, Eliane A.; Salazar, Carmen R.; Rojas Zumaran, Víctor; Durán, Rafael G.; Contreras-Pulache, HansIntroducción: La procrastinación académica (AP) es un fenómeno global que afecta significativamente a los estudiantes universitarios, influyendo potencialmente en su rendimiento académico y bienestar mental. Objetivo: Investigar la relación entre los niveles de procrastinación académica y el rendimiento académico de estudiantes de enfermería durante su pasantía en el Perú. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal, involucrando a 112 pasantes de enfermería, de 18 años y más, matriculados en el semestre 2019-I. Los participantes completaron la Escala de Procrastinación Académica (EPA), una escala tipo Likert que consta de 12 ítems, que midió dos dimensiones: autorregulación académica (9 ítems) y procrastinación de actividades (3 ítems). Se utilizó una puntuación umbral de 36 puntos para identificar altos niveles de procrastinación académica. El rendimiento académico se evaluó en una escala de 0 a 10 (reprobado), 11 a 14 (aprobado), 15 a 17 (notable) y 18 a 20 (sobresaliente). Resultados: La edad media de los participantes fue de 29 años, siendo el 88,4% mujeres. El estudio encontró que el 72,3% de los estudiantes de enfermería exhibieron niveles más altos de AP, particularmente entre las mujeres (62,5%) y los estudiantes más jóvenes (59,8%). A escala global, el 70,3% de los estudiantes obtuvo una calificación notable, y el 51,8% de estos estudiantes también exhibió un alto nivel de AP. Sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en el rendimiento académico según el nivel de AP (p=0,918). Conclusión: Aunque los estudiantes de enfermería mostraron un mayor nivel de AP, este estudio no encontró una asociación significativa entre la procrastinación académica y el rendimiento académico durante el período de prácticas. Sin embargo, es crucial monitorear la AP en estudiantes de enfermería a lo largo de sus estudios para identificar factores potenciales que puedan contribuir a su impacto y desarrollar estrategias para mitigar sus efectos.Publicación Acceso abierto Evaluación de antimicrobianos de reserva en la prescripción y dispensación en pacientes hospitalizados en una clínica de Perú(Editorial Ciencias Medicas, 2023-08-09) MORALES RAMOS, JORGE GUILLERMO; ESTEVES PAIRAZAMAN, AMBROCIO TEODORO; MELGAREJO ÁNGELES, WILDER ENRIQUE; RAMÍREZ ARÉVALO, CARLOS ELBETO MANUEL; LLONTOP YNGA, ENRIQUE GUILLERMO; FERNÁNDEZ TARRILLO, EYDY MEKINLEYObjetivo: Evaluar las características de prescripción y dispensación de antimicrobianos de reserva en una clínica de Perú. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, no experimental, de corte transversal y la recolección de datos se hizo de manera retrospectiva. La población se conformó por 1396 recetas que incluyen antimicrobianos de reserva de la clínica en estudio. El muestreo fue de tipo probabilístico, aleatorio simple; se consideró una precisión mínima del 5 % con una proporción de pérdidas del 9 %. Se observaron 440 recetas médicas prescritas. Se empleó la técnica de la observación, que tuvo como instrumento la ficha de recolección de datos que comprendía 18 indicadores observables. Para el procesamiento de la información se estimaron porcentajes de interés mediante estimaciones puntuales y por intervalo a un 95 % de confianza. El análisis de datos se realizó con el uso de los programas Microsoft Excel 2016 e IBM SPSS Statistics versión 24.0, cuyos resultados se organizaron en tablas y gráficos estadísticos. Resultados: Con respecto a los datos del paciente, hubo un cumplimiento de 94,1 %. Solo el 85,9 % de las recetas contenían la información completa. Las recetas con el llenado correcto y completo de los datos del antimicrobiano resultaron el 79,1 %. Conclusiones: La clínica en estudio cumple con las normativas de prescripción y dispensación de antimicrobianos de reserva, aunque queda un mínimo porcentaje por mejorar.Publicación Acceso abierto Enterprise information security risks: a systematic review of the literature(Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science, 2023-05-06) Lavalle Sandoval, Jenner; Andrade-Arenas, Laberiano; Hernández Celis, Domingo; Cabanillas-Carbonell, MichaelCurrently, computer security or cybersecurity is a relevant aspect in the area of networks and communications of a company, therefore, it is important to know the risks and computer security policies that allow a unified management of cyber threats that only seek to affect the reputation or profit from the confidential information of organizations in the business sector. The objective of the research is to conduct a systematic review of the literature through articles published in databases such as Scopus and Dimension. Thus, in order to perform a complete documentary analysis, inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to evaluate the quality of each article. Then, using a quantitative scale, articles were filtered according to author, period and country of publication, leaving a total of 86 articles from both databases. The methodology used was the one proposed by Kitchenham, and the conclusion reached was that the vast majority of companies do not make a major investment in the purchase of equipment and improvement of information technology (IT) infrastructure, exposing themselves to cyber-attacks that continue to grow every day. This research provides an opportunity for researchers, companies and entrepreneurs to consult so that they can protect their organization's most important assets.Publicación Acceso abierto Development and validation of a scale for streaming dependence (SDS) of online games in a Peruvian population(Frontiers Media S.A., 2023-08-24) Sairitupa-Sanchez, Liset Z; Collantes-Vargas, Alejandra; Rivera-Lozada, Oriana; Morales-García, Wilter C“Background: Addiction to online video game streaming has become one of the most appealing ways to occupy leisure time and is one of the most popular activities. The satisfaction it provides and the time invested in it are two of the main reasons why it is preferred. However, despite the clear benefits that this activity offers, in some cases, excessive use can lead to personal and/or family problems or abuse. Objective: The objective of the study was to develop and validate a scale to measure potential traits of dependence on online game streaming. The participants were 423 Peruvian adults aged between 18 and 47 years (M = 22.87, SD = 5.02). The Streaming Dependence Scale (SDS) was developed based on a literature review, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were conducted. Results: The scale showed adequate internal consistency (α, CR, ω, and H > 80). Confirmatory analysis confirmed the one-dimensional structure (χ2 = 10.250, df = 5; p = 0.068; CFI = 0.98, TLI = 0.96, RMSEA = 0.06, SRMR = 0.05). Conclusion: The brief SDS is a valid and reliable measure that can be used as a useful tool to identify and evaluate streaming dependence.“Publicación Acceso abierto Critical Thinking, Generalized Anxiety in Satisfaction with Studies: The Mediating Role of Academic Self-Efficacy in Medical Students(MDPI, 2023-08-09) Huamán-Tapia, Elbert; Almanza-Cabe, Robinson B; Sairitupa-Sanchez, Liset Z; Morales-García, Sandra B; Rivera-Lozada, Oriana; Flores-Paredes, Alcides; Morales-García, Wilter C“Background: The academic and emotional challenges faced by medical students can affect critical thinking and may also contribute to the development of increased generalized anxiety. Similarly, critical thinking and generalized anxiety can impact study satisfaction through the mediating mechanism of academic self-efficacy. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the mediating role of academic self-efficacy between critical thinking and generalized anxiety in study satisfaction among medical students. Methods: A cross-sectional and explanatory study was conducted involving 259 Peruvian medical students aged between 18 and 35 (M = 20.29, SD = 2.84). The evaluation was based on self-reported questionnaires covering critical thinking, generalized anxiety, academic self-efficacy, and study satisfaction. Furthermore, a structural equation modeling (SEM) and mediation approach was employed to examine the relationships between variables. Results: The results showed an adequate fit of the model [χ2 (87) = 155, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.93, TLI = 0.92, RMSEA = 0.05 (CI: 0.04-0.07), SRMR = 0.07], demonstrating the impact of critical thinking and generalized anxiety. It was confirmed that academic self-efficacy has a positive effect on study satisfaction. Moreover, the mediating role of academic self-efficacy was confirmed between critical thinking and study satisfaction, as well as between generalized anxiety and study satisfaction. Conclusions: Due to the high academic load on medical students, academic self-efficacy plays a mediating role in the relationship between critical thinking, generalized anxiety, and satisfaction with studies. The development of educational strategies will help to promote critical thinking and academic self-efficacy, as well as provide support to students with generalized anxiety, to enhance study satisfaction.“Publicación Acceso abierto Augmented reality for innovation: Education and analysis of the glacial retreat of the Peruvian Andean snow-capped mountains(Elsevier B.V., 2023-09) Zapata-Paulini, Joselyn; Cabanillas-Carbonell, Michael; Iparraguirre-Villanueva, Orlando; Sierra-Liñan, Fernando; Baltozar-Clemente, Saul; Alvarez-Risco, Aldo; Yáñez, Jaime A.Mountain glaciers are considered great reservoirs of water, and their importance lies in the fact that many of our ecosystems and numerous communities depend on them; Peru has one of the largest extensions of Andean snow-capped mountains, which have been affected by the decline in their glacier coverage and that is warned, will disappear due to environmental conditions and alterations in the current global temperature. This problem has increased due to ignorance, misinformation, indifference, and lack of solidarity on the part of the population who favors this discouraging situation. Taking advantage of the current technological immersion, in which we live, the development of a mobile application was proposed as a pedagogical resource to raise awareness among educational institutions about the glacial retreat of the Peruvian Andean snow-capped mountains, showing the current situation of some of the snow-capped mountains of the Andes that have suffered a greater impact, implementing augmented reality technology to obtain an interactive link. To provide greater detail of the situation, previous studies were carried out on glacial retreats in two Peruvian snow-capped mountains over the last 40 years, where it was found that, of the snow-capped mountains considered, Chicon had a decrease of 32.5% of its glacier cover, and Pumahuanca had a decrease of 56.9%. Such results are exposed within the application to provide realistic data on the glacial conditions of both Peruvian snow-capped mountains, as well as the consequences and conservation techniques to mitigate and cope with deglaciation. Taking into consideration that environmental education from an early age turns out to be key to forming an informed and participatory society about climate change.Publicación Acceso abierto A systematic review of mental health in rural Andean populations in Latin America during the COVID-19 pandemic(Frontiers Media SA, 2023-08-17) Moya-Salazar, Jeel; Jaime-Quispe, Alexis; Cañari, Betsy; Moya-Espinoza, Jeel G.; Contreras-Pulache, Hans“Background: COVID-19 has been causing mental health problems around the world, with rural and indigenous peoples likely to be the most aected. This systematic review synthesizes and critically analyzes the existing literature on mental disorders in the rural Andean population in Latin America. Methods: A systematic review with narrative synthesis was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines. We searched nine databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Cochrane, Scielo, LILACS, and Latindex), five public prepublication servers (SocArXiv, medRxiv, bioRxiv, SportRXiv, and Preprints), ALICIA, and Google Scholar for articles that included the analysis of mental health problems using data collected from the rural Andean population in Latin America. These were eligible for inclusion. Articles that included NonLatin American populations (including European or African migrants) and studies conducted prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (since the declaration of national lockdown) were excluded. Results: A total of 23,761 articles were retrieved, 14 of which met the inclusion requirements. Most were cross-sectional (n = 12) and related to anxiety (n = 9), depression (n = 8), and stress (n = 5). The mental health analysis of 5,976 rural dwellers from four countries in Latin America also included gray literature studies (n = 7) that allowed the quantification of mental health problems in adults (n = 7) and adolescents/children (n = 4). Only one study was multinational, and the quality of publications varied. Despite the high frequency of anxiety, depression, and stress symptoms among rural Latin American populations during COVID-19, published research is very limited. This review found preliminary evidence that the frequency of anxiety (45%), depression (27.6%), and stress (33.1%) in the rural population was associated with pandemic restrictions across countries. Measures of other psychiatric problems, such as distress or suicidal ideation, cannot be estimated. Conclusion: Regional-wide studies investigating changes in the frequency of symptoms of mental health problems in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic are warranted to inform culturally adapted prevention strategies. This study is limited to a narrative synthesis and may be subject to publication bia“Publicación Acceso abierto Productivity of incident management with conversational bots-a review(Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science, 2023-01-30) Iparraguirre-Villanueva, Orlando; Obregon-Palomino, Luz; Pujay-Iglesias, Wilson; Sierra-Liñan, Fernando; Cabanillas-Carbonell, MichaelThe use of conversational agents (bots) in information systems managed by company’s increases productivity in the development of activities focused on processes such as customer service, healthcare, and presentation. The present work is a systematic literature review that collects articles from 2019 to 2022 in the databases Scopus, Springer, Willey, Indexes-Csic, Taylor & Francis, Pubmed, and Ebsco Host. PRISMA methodology was used to systematize 47 relevant articles. As a result of the analysis, 2/19 very important benefits were obtained, which are: helping to obtain information and facilitating customer service; as for the types of conversational bots, a total of 9 types were found, of which conversational agents and chatbots with artificial intelligence (AI) are the most common; in the case of processes, 3/5 processes that optimize conversational bots were found, where the most prominent are: teaching process, health processes, and customer service processes. An architecture model for conversational bots in incident management is also proposed.Publicación Acceso abierto Validación de una escala de estilos de vida saludable en estudiantes universitarios mexicanos(Universidad de Murcia Servicio de Publicaciones, 2023-03-05) Zavaleta-Abad, Raúl Alberto; Dominguez-Lara, Sergio; López-Hernández, Eliseo; Ortiz-Chacha, Christian Soledad; Campos-Uscanga, YolandaObjetivo: Determinar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Estilos de Vida Saludables para Estudiantes Universitarios (EEVSEU) en hombres y mujeres estudiantes universitarios mexicanos. Material y método: Fueron evaluadas las evidencias de validez respecto a la estructura e invarianza de medición de la EEVSEU mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio. Inicialmente se evaluaron dos modelos: el modelo original (8 dimensiones), y el modelo obtenido en mujeres mexicanas (4 dimensiones). Se determinó la magnitud de las cargas factoriales de cada ítem (≥0,50) y la fiabilidad de las puntaciones y del constructo de los modelos a través de los coeficientes alfay omega. Finalmente se analizó la asociación entre los estilos de vida saludable con el bienestar psicológico y con la autorregulación de los hábitos alimentarios. Resultados: Luego de los análisis iniciales, se consideró un nuevo modelo con 7 dimensiones de la EEVSEU (ejercicio, comportamiento regular, comportamiento nutricional, responsabilidad en salud, apoyo social, manejo del estrés y apreciación por la vida) (M3), el cual evidencio parámetros factoriales adecuados (índices de ajuste y cargas factoriales), además ser invariante entre hombres y mujeres y asociarse de forma significativa con la autorregulación de los hábitos alimentarios y el bienestar psicológico. Conclusiones: La EEVSEU presenta adecuadas propiedades psicométricas para su aplicación en hombres y mujeres estudiantes universitarios mexicanos con fines de investigación.Publicación Acceso abierto Thermodynamic analysis of absorption refrigeration cycles by parabolic trough collectors(American Institute of Physics Inc, 2023-06-13) Albaker, Abdullah; Cuba Carbajal, Nestor; Fernandez Atho, Manuel Octavio; Nunez Fernandez, Anderson; Delgado Laime, Maria Del Carmen; Borda Echavarria, Ani Mary; Alayi, Reza; Aladdin, Morteza“The purpose of this study is to numerically investigate the performance of a solar physical surface absorption cooling system, in which activated carbon/methanol is used as a working pair, which is placed inside a parabolic-shaped solar collector. The governing mathematical model of this issue is based on the equations of conservation of mass, conservation of energy, and thermodynamics of the physical surface absorption process. The equations are discretized using the fully implicit finite difference method, and the Fortran computer program was simulated. A comparison with the results of previous laboratory and numerical studies validated this model. At each point in the bed, the temperature, pressure, and mass of the refrigerant absorbed during the physical surface absorption/discharge process were calculated. In addition, the effects of the bed diameter, amount of solar radiation, source temperature, temperature, and pressure of the evaporator and condenser were investigated on the solar performance coefficient and the specific cooling power of the system. According to the built laboratory model and the working conditions of the system, the solar performance coefficient and the specific cooling capacity of the system are equal to 0.12 and 45.6 W/kg, respectively.“Publicación Acceso abierto The Age of Young Nurses Is a Predictor of Burnout Syndrome during the Care of Patients with COVID-19(MDPI, 2023-04-17) Moya-Salazar, Jeel; Buitrón, Liliana A.; Goicochea, Eliane A.; Salazar, Carmen R.; Moya-Salazar, Belén; Contreras-Pulache, Hans“Background: Burnout Syndrome (BS) is a work fatigue phenomenon that leads to physical exhaustion during care work, and there could be an increase in the proportion of nurses affected during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in those caring for infected patients. We aimed to determine BS in nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: An observational study was conducted on 100 nurses over the age of 18 and working in COVID-19 medical units in 2021. The 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory questionnaire was used to estimate BS, and differences between age groups, gender, work time, and previous infection were estimated. Results: The majority of nurses (mean 30 ± 5.5 years) were women (78%), and the most frequent working time was from 1 to 10 years (58%). A total of 88% of the nurses had moderate BS, affecting more males, aged between 20 and 30 years, and without previous infection. The youngest age group, 20–30 years, presented the highest mean BS with 53.8 (SD 4.18) points (95% CI: 52.79 to 54.8), showing differences with older nurses (p < 0.05). Prediction analysis showed that only age was a significant predictor for the development of SB (p < 0.001). Conclusions: BS negatively impacts young nurses during the care of COVID-19 patients, so strategies should be promoted to ensure a better working environment. Improving the workspace can include self-care strategies, changes in the system and work organization, an improvement of interpersonal relationships, and risk prevention.“Publicación Acceso abierto Actitudes del autocuidado de pacientes con tuberculosis en enfermeros peruanos luego de un brote hospitalario(Editorial Ciencias Medicas, 2023-06) Siesquen, Jessica J.; Moya-Salazar, Jeel; Ubidia-Incio, Roberto; Rojas-Zumaran, Víctor; Moya-Salazar, Belén; Contreras-Pulache, Hans“Introducción: La tuberculosis es una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad en todo el mundo. Las medidas de prevención son clave para evitar su propagación y el contagio entre profesionales de salud. Objetivo: Determinar las actitudes del autocuidado sobre la tuberculosis en el personal de enfermería luego de un brote infeccioso hospitalario. Métodos: Estudio transversal, en personal de enfermería (n= 94; personal técnico n= 44; 46,8 %). Se incluyó al personal de enfermería voluntario > 18 años, de ambos sexos, que trabaje en el Departamento de Emergencia. Se usó el cuestionario de 15 ítems de Valle (2017), para estimar los conocimientos y actitudes sobre el autocuidado, 3 dimensiones: prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la tuberculosis. Resultados: El promedio de edad de los participantes fue de 44,7 ± 8,8 años, el 88,3 % mujeres y el tiempo promedio de trabajo fue 11,2 ± 7,8 años. Se hallaron diferencias entre los años de servicio, entre los técnicos (8,55 ± 7,94 años) y profesionales (13,48 ± 6,98 años) (p< 0,001). El 100 % presentaron actitudes de aceptación del autocuidado en todas las dimensiones. El 4,5 % y el 27,3 % de técnicos presentaron actitudes de indiferencia en la dimensión diagnóstico y tratamiento de tuberculosis (p= 0,001). Conclusiones: Existen actitudes favorables en el personal de enfermería sobre autocuidado de la tuberculosis luego de un brote en un hospital de Lima, aunque en técnicos de enfermería se reportan actitudes de indiferencia en el diagnóstico y tratamiento de tuberculosis.“Publicación Acceso abierto SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence on the north coast of Peru: A cross-sectional study after the first wave(NLM (Medline), 2023-06-28) Moyano, Luz M.; Toledo, Angie K.; Chirinos, Jenny; Vilchez Barreto, Percy Mc Quen; Cavalcanti, Sofia; Gamboa, Ricardo; Ypanaque, Jhon; Noriega, Sheilla; Herrera, Victor; Bazan, Edgar; León-Jimenez, FrancoPeru had the second-highest number of COVID-19 cases in Latin America. After the first wave, Peru registered more than 900,000 cases of COVID-19 and more than 36,000 confirmed deaths from the disease. Tumbes, a border area with poor sanitation and not enough water, had the fifth highest death rate. The cross-sectional analytic study aimed: a) to assess seroprevalence of COVID-19 after the first wave; b) to assess sociodemographic determinants and symptoms associated with a positive COVID-19 antibody lateral flow test.Publicación Acceso abierto Comunicación de riesgos para la salud pública a través de Twitter por parte del gobierno peruano en tiempos de COVID-19(PORTUGAL PRT, 2023-05) Duche-Pérez, Aleixandre Brian“La comunicación de riesgos provee mecanismos de cómo los gobiernos transmiten información relevante para la salud pública hacia la ciudadanía en tiempo de crisis e inestabilidad social. La presente investigación busca analizar la comunicación de riesgos por parte del estado peruano hacia la población durante las tres primeras oleadas de enfermedad por coronavirus-19 a partir de la red social Twitter. Bajo una mirada cualitativa y documental el estudio observó que el gobierno peruano puso énfasis en comunicar sobre la importancia de la vacunación y los cuidados y prevenciones ante el contagio. La importancia de este tipo de comunicación permitió que la población, especialmente la que tiene mayor acceso a internet, manifestara abiertamente su voluntad a desestimar información errada y falsa sobre el Covid-19 y se posibilite un amplio y rápido proceso de vacunación frente a la enfermedad.“Publicación Acceso abierto Retorno a la presencialidad: Actitudes de los universitarios peruanos hacia el aprendizaje y pos-crisis sanitaria(Universidad del Zulia, 2023) Huaire Inacio, Edson Jorge; Herrera Álvarez, Angela María; Sifuentes De la Cruz, Luis Enrique; Alfaro Saavedra, Maura NataliaLas actitudes se forman a partir de condiciones internas y externas en la que interactúa la persona, por lo tanto, pueden ser positivas o negativas y afectar su rendimiento en el ámbito educativo, en este contexto, se realiza la investigación cuyo objetivo es, analizar la asociación que existe entre la predisposición para el aprendizaje y las actitudes que presentan un grupo de 444 estudiantes peruanos hacia la crisis sanitaria por COVID-19. El estudio se desarrolló bajo tipo básico y diseño correlacional, como instrumentos de recolección de datos se utilizaron dos cuestionarios: El cuestionario de evaluación de las actitudes ante el aprendizaje de los estudiantes universitarios y la escala de actitud al confinamiento. Los resultados evidencian que los estudiantes presentan predisposición regular para aprender, mientras que la actitud hacia la crisis sanitaria es positiva. En lo que respecta a la asociación entre las variables, ésta es significativa directa, es decir, a mejor predisposición para aprender de los estudiantes, mejora también, la actitud ante el confinamiento. En consecuencia, se concluye que, a pesar de las dificultades sufridas como consecuencia de la pandemia, los estudiantes siguen perseverando a nivel académico con la finalidad de conseguir sus objetivos profesionales.Publicación Acceso abierto Quality and performance of Papanicolaou test using the clinical and laboratory standards institute (CLSI) EP12-A2 guidelines: A single-center study in Peru(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2023-05-22) Moya-Salazar, Jeel; Huarcaya, Jennifer; Vazquéz, Diana; Contreras-Pulache, Hans; Rojas-Zumaran, Víctor“Context: Quality assurance in cervical cytology is based on the cyto-histological correlation that is performed in several countries even without standardized protocols. Aims: To evaluate the quality of the Pap smear with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) EP12-A2 guideline in a Peruvian hospital. Settings and design: This prospective study was carried out at tertiary care national hospital. Methods and material: The 156 cyto-histological results were collected and coded according to the Bethesda 2014 and FIGO system. The evaluation with the CLSI EP12-A2 guide allowed estimating the performance and quality of the test. Statistical analysis used: We performed a descriptive analysis of the cytological and histological data and correlation with the weight Kappa test. From the calculation of the likelihood ratios, the post-test probability was estimated using Bayes' theorem. Results: In cytology, 57 (36.5%) were undetermined abnormalities, 34 (21.8%) low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL), and 42 (26.9%) high-grade SIL. Of the total biopsies, 56 (36.9%) were cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 1, 23 (14.7%) were both CIN grade 2 and 3. We determined sensitivity, specificity, a positive and negative predictive value of 94%, 74.6%, 58%, and 97.1%, respectively. We determined a moderate cyto-histological agreement (κ = 0.57). Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (40%), and cannot exclude high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (42.1%) that showed higher overdiagnosis results. Conclusions: The quality and performance of the Papanicolaou test show high sensitivity and moderate specificity. The concordance found was moderate and the proportion of underdiagnosis was higher in abnormalities of undetermined significance.“Publicación Acceso abierto Psychometric properties and invariance of an English self-efficacy scale for university students in Peru(Frontiers Media SA, 2023-06-15) Mendoza-Torres, Mariela Estela; Morales-García, Wilter C.; Sairitupa-Sanchez, Liset Z.; Morales-García, Sandra B.; Rivera-Lozada, Oriana ; Sucapuca-Sucapuca, Francisco E.; Cunza-Aranzábal, Denis Frank“Background: English is a global language used to communicate with members of the international community. Self-efficacy in learning English is an important factor that is influenced by perceived importance, interest, and beliefs about the ability to successfully perform tasks in English. Objective: The aim is to develop and validate a measurement instrument to assess English self-efficacy. Methods: A total of 453 students from different Peruvian universities participated, with ages ranging from 18 to 60 years (M = 23; SD = 6.18). Statistical techniques for latent variables were used and recommendations for educational and psychological tests were followed in its construction. The sample was divided into two groups to perform exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results: The English Self-Efficacy Scale (ESS-P) is representative and relevant in terms of its item content (Aiken’s V > 0.70). Its internal structure is organized into three first order factors and a second order factor that are consistent with the theoretical proposal and was confirmed through CFA with excellent goodnessof-fit indices (χ2 = 1184.9, gl = 626, CFI = 0.92, TLI = 0.92, RMSEA = 0.06 y SRMR = 0.04). It also has adequate internal consistency in its three factors (Reading α/ω = 0.96), Oral Communication (α/ω = 0.95), and Writing (α/ω = 0.97) and the whole scale (α/ω = 0.98), is invariant with respect to sex, and has a conceptual relationship with variables such as academic self-efficacy and exam anxiety. Conclusion: The ESS-P is a measurement instrument with evidence of validity, factorial invariance, and good reliability of its scores. Therefore, it can be used in future studies in the academic context“