Factores de riesgo asociados al aborto incompleto en mujeres atendidas en el Hospital San Juan de Lurigancho, 2023

Abstract

El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar los factores de riesgo asociados al aborto incompleto en mujeres atendidas en el Hospital San Juan de Lurigancho (HSJL) durante el año 2023. El estudio tuvo un diseño no experimental, retrospectivo, que contó con una muestra de 287 historias clínicas, cuyos datos fueron recolectados mediante una ficha de recolección de 12 ítems elaborada y validada por la autora. Los resultados evidencian que el 95,5% de abortos registrados en el (HSJL) era de tipo incompleto, las cuales se caracterizaban por tener una edad entre 20 y 35 años (67,9%), estado civil conviviente (62,8%), grado de instrucción secundaria (86,5%), procedencia urbana (98,9%), tener más de un parto (78,5%), no tener antecedente de aborto (57,7%), no tener atenciones prenatales (100%), tener sobrepeso (42,7%), no tener anemia (76,3%), no tener infección urinaria (72,6%) y no tener infección vaginal (92,7%). Ningún factor sociodemográfico estuvo asociado significativamente con el aborto incompleto (p>0,05), los factores obstétricos que presentaron asociación significativa fueron el antecedente de aborto (p=0,000) y el número de atenciones prenatales (p=0,000); mientras que, los factores patológicos con asociación significativa fueron el índice de masa corporal (p=0,000), la anemia (p=0,000), la infección de vías urinarias (p=0,000) y la infección vaginal (p=0,000). Se concluye que existen factores obstétricos y patológicos que se asocian significativamente con el aborto incompleto.

The objective of the present study is to analyze the risk factors associated with incomplete abortion in women treated at the San Juan de Lurigancho Hospital (HSJL) during the year 2023. The study had a non-experimental, retrospective design, which had a sample of 287 clinical records, whose data were collected using a 12-item collection form prepared and validated by the author. The results show that 95.5% of abortions registered in the (HSJL) were of incomplete type, which were characterized by having an age between 20 and 35 years (67.9%), cohabiting marital status (62.8% ), level of secondary education (86.5%), urban origin (98.9%), having more than one birth (78.5%), not having a history of abortion (57.7%), not having prenatal care (100%), being overweight (42.7%), not having anemia (76.3%), not having a urinary tract infection (72.6%) and not having a vaginal infection (92.7%). No sociodemographic factor was significantly associated with incomplete abortion (p>0.05), the obstetric factors that presented a significant association were the history of abortion (p=0.000) and the number of prenatal care (p=0.000); while, the pathological factors with a significant association were body mass index (p=0.000), anemia (p=0.000), urinary tract infection (p=0.000) and vaginal infection (p=0.000). It is concluded that there are obstetric and pathological factors that are significantly associated with incomplete abortion.