Índice neutrófilo/linfocito elevado como factor asociado a nefropatía en pacientes diabéticos tipo 2 del Centro de Salud Comas, 2025

Abstract

Introducción: La nefropatía diabética representa una de las complicaciones más frecuentes y graves de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, siendo una causa importante de enfermedad renal crónica en la población peruana. En los últimos años, el índice neutrófilo/linfocito ha sido propuesto como un marcador inflamatorio accesible y útil en diversas enfermedades crónicas, incluyendo aquellas de origen metabólico. Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación entre un índice neutrófilo/linfocito elevado y la presencia de nefropatía en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 del Centro de Salud Comas durante febrero del 2024 y enero del 2025. Metodología: Estudio de tipo transversal analítico, que incluyó a 95 pacientes con diagnóstico previo de diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Se recolectaron datos del índice neutrófilo/linfocito, la tasa de filtración glomerular, los niveles de albúminuria, y el diagnóstico de nefropatía diabética. Resultados: Se encontró una asociación significativa entre un índice neutrófilo/linfocito elevado y la presencia de nefropatía diabética (valor p = 0,001), siendo más frecuente esta complicación en quienes presentaron valores elevados del índice neutrófilo/linfocito. También se observó una correlación negativa significativa entre el índice neutrófilo sobre linfocito y la tasa de filtración glomerular (coeficiente de correlación = -0,317; valor p = 0,002), así como una correlación positiva fuerte entre dicho índice y la albuminuria (coeficiente de correlación = 0,751; valor p < 0,001). Conclusión: Un índice neutrófilo/linfocito elevado se asocia significativamente con nefropatía en pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2, así como con una menor tasa de filtración glomerular y mayores niveles de albuminuria.

Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy represents one of the most frequent and severe complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus, being an important cause of chronic kidney disease in the Peruvian population. In recent years, the neutrophil to-lymphocyte ratio has been proposed as an accessible and useful inflammatory marker in several chronic diseases, including those of metabolic origin. Objective: To evaluate the association between an elevated neutrophil-to lymphocyte ratio and the presence of nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the “Centro de Salud Comas” during February 2024 and January 2025. Methodology: Analytical cross-sectional study, which included 95 patients with a previous diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Data were collected on the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, glomerular filtration rate, albuminuria levels, and diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy. Results: A significant association was found between an elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and the presence of diabetic nephropathy (p-value = 0.001), this complication being more frequent in those with elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio values. A significant negative correlation was also observed between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and the glomerular filtration rate (correlation coefficient = -0.317; p-value = 0.002), as well as a strong positive correlation between this neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and albuminuria (correlation coefficient = 0.751; p-value < 0.001). Conclusion: An elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is significantly associated with Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy represents one of the most frequent and severe complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus, being an important cause of chronic kidney disease in the Peruvian population. In recent years, the neutrophil to-lymphocyte ratio has been proposed as an accessible and useful inflammatory marker in several chronic diseases, including those of metabolic origin. Objective: To evaluate the association between an elevated neutrophil-to lymphocyte ratio and the presence of nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the “Centro de Salud Comas” during February 2024 and January 2025. Methodology: Analytical cross-sectional study, which included 95 patients with a previous diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Data were collected on the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, glomerular filtration rate, albuminuria levels, and diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy. Results: A significant association was found between an elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and the presence of diabetic nephropathy (p-value = 0.001), this complication being more frequent in those with elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio values. A significant negative correlation was also observed between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and the glomerular filtration rate (correlation coefficient = -0.317; p-value = 0.002), as well as a strong positive correlation between this neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and albuminuria (correlation coefficient = 0.751; p-value < 0.001). Conclusion: An elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is significantly associated with Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy represents one of the most frequent and severe complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus, being an important cause of chronic kidney disease in the Peruvian population. In recent years, the neutrophil to-lymphocyte ratio has been proposed as an accessible and useful inflammatory marker in several chronic diseases, including those of metabolic origin. Objective: To evaluate the association between an elevated neutrophil-to lymphocyte ratio and the presence of nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the “Centro de Salud Comas” during February 2024 and January 2025. Methodology: Analytical cross-sectional study, which included 95 patients with a previous diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Data were collected on the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, glomerular filtration rate, albuminuria levels, and diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy. Results: A significant association was found between an elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and the presence of diabetic nephropathy (p-value = 0.001), this complication being more frequent in those with elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio values. A significant negative correlation was also observed between the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and the glomerular filtration rate (correlation coefficient = -0.317; p-value = 0.002), as well as a strong positive correlation between this neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and albuminuria (correlation coefficient = 0.751; p-value < 0.001). Conclusion: An elevated neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio is significantly associated with nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, as well as with a lower glomerular filtration rate and higher levels of albuminuria.