Nivel de hemoglobina materna asociado al peso del neonato procedentes de gran altitud referidos a un Hospital de Barranca - 2025

Abstract

Introducción: Este estudio fue realizado como aporte a la salud en las gestantes y neonatos, ya que la anemia gestacional en zonas de gran altura puede afectar al neonato. Por tal razón, se planteó determinar la correlación entre el nivel de hemoglobina materna y el peso del neonato procedentes de zonas de gran altitud referidos a un Hospital de Barranca – 2025, teniendo como respaldo investigaciones que fortalecen el estudio. Metodología: Enfoque cuantitativo, tipo básico, diseño observacional y la población fueron 84 historias clínicas (42 gestantes y 42 neonatos). Resultados: Tenemos que el nivel de hemoglobina de 24 gestantes (57,1%) anemia moderada, 08 gestantes (19,0%) estado normal, 07 gestantes (16,7%) anemia leve y sólo 03 gestantes (7,1%) anemia severa, en cuanto a la paridad 34 gestantes (81,0%) Multípara, 06 gestantes (14,3%) Nulípara y sólo 02 gestantes (4,8%) Primípara, seguna la edad materna 31 fueron madres adolescentes 73,8% y 11 gestantes 26,2% en la edad materna ideal y el peso de 34 neonatos (81,0%) bajo peso frente a 08 neonatos (19,0%) peso adecuado, cuya correlación entre nivel de hemoglobina materna y peso del neonato a través de la Correlación de Rho de Spearman es 0,782 y la Sig. bilateral es 0,000 inferior al nivel de significancia pre fijado de 0,05, asimismo la anemia gestacional y bajo peso al nacer a través de la Correlación de Rho de Spearman es 0, 598 y la Sig. bilateral es 0,000 menor al nivel de significancia de 0,05. Igualmente, la edad materna y el peso del neonato el Rho de Spearman es 0,374 y la Sig. bilateral es 0,015 inferior 0,05. Conclusión: Demostró que se evidenció una relación estadísticamente significativa y directa entre el nivel de hemoglobina materna y el peso del neonato.

Introduction: This study was conducted to contribute to the health of pregnant women and newborns, as gestational anemia in high-altitude areas can affect the newborn. Therefore, the aim was to determine the relationship between maternal hemoglobin levels and the birth weight of newborns from high-altitude areas referred to a hospital in Barranca in 2025, drawing on existing research to support the study. Methodology: This quantitative, basic, observational study included 84 medical records (42 pregnant women and 42 newborns). Results: We found that the hemoglobin level of 24 pregnant women (57.1%) showed moderate anemia, 8 pregnant women (19.0%) had normal levels, 7 pregnant women (16.7%) had mild anemia, and only 3 pregnant women (7.1%) had severe anemia. Regarding parity, 34 pregnant women (81.0%) were multiparous, 6 pregnant women (14.3%) were nulliparous, and only 2 pregnant women (4.8%) were primiparous. Secondly, regarding maternal age, 31 were adolescent mothers (73.8%) and 11 pregnant women (26.2%) were of ideal maternal age. Finally, 34 neonates (81.0%) had low birth weight compared to 8 neonates (19.0%) with appropriate birth weight. The correlation between maternal hemoglobin level and neonate weight using Spearman's Rho was 0.782, and the two-tailed significance was 0.000, indicating a difference below the normal range. With a predetermined significance level of 0.05, gestational anemia and low birth weight were associated using Spearman's Rho correlation coefficient of 0.598, with a two-tailed significance of 0.000, both less than the significance level of 0.05. Similarly, maternal age and neonate weight were associated using Spearman's Rho correlation coefficient of 0.374, with a two-tailed significance of 0.015, also less than the significance level of 0.05. Conclusion: We demonstrated a statistically significant and direct relationship between maternal hemoglobin levels and neonate weight.