Efectividad antimicrobiana de la clorhexidina al 2% e hipoclorito de sodio al 2,5% y 5% frente a una bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis) y un hongo (Candida albicans) Estudio in vitro, Lima 2024

Abstract

El presente estudio planteó como objetivo determinar la efectividad antimicrobiana de la clorhexidina al 2% e hipoclorito de sodio al 2.5% y 5% frente a una bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis) y un hongo (Candida Albicans). Es un estudio de método hipotético deductivo, cuantitativo de tipo aplicada y diseño experimental. Se activaron y replicaron las especies microbianas: bacteria Enterococcus faecalis (cepa ATCC 29212) y el hongo Candida albicans (cepa ATCC 90028). Para ello, se emplearon 30 placas de Petri (15 para cada microorganismo) con cultivos estandarizados, las cuales se incubaron a 37°C en condiciones controladas. Una vez sembradas las cepas bacterianes se produjeron 4 pozos de 6 mm de diámetro equidistantes en cada placa Petri, en los cuales se agregó 25 μL de cada sustancia y dejada por un plazo de 72 horas a una temperatura de 37°, siendo únicamente evaluados la efectividad antimicrobiana en el transcurso de las 24, 48 y 72 horas. La mayor efectividad antimicrobiana la presento la clorhexidina solución al 2%, seguido de la clorhexidina gel al 2%, hipoclorito de sodio al 5% e hipoclorito de sodio al 2.5%. Se concluye que la clorhexidina al 2% presento mayor efectividad antimicrobiana frente a una bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis) y un hongo (Candida albicans).

The present study aimed to determine the antimicrobial effectiveness of 2% chlorhexidine and 2.5% and 5% sodium hypochlorite against a bacterium (Enterococcus faecalis) and a fungus (Candida Albicans). It is a hypothetical-deductive, quantitative study of applied type and non-experimental design. The microbial species Enterococcus faecalis bacteria (strain ATCC 29212) and Candida albicans fungus (strain ATCC 90028) were activated and replicated. For this purpose, 30 Petri dishes (15 for each microorganism) with standardized cultures were used, which were incubated at 37°C under controlled conditions. Once the bacterial strains were seeded, four equidistant wells of 6 mm diameter were produced in each Petri dish, to which 25 μL of each substance was added and left for a period of 72 hours at a temperature of 37°, with only the antimicrobial effectiveness being evaluated over the course of 24, 48 and 72 hours. The greatest antimicrobial effectiveness was presented by 2% chlorhexidine solution, followed by 2% chlorhexidine gel, 5% sodium hypochlorite and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite. It is concluded that 2% chlorhexidine presented the greatest antimicrobial effectiveness against a bacterium (Enterococcus faecalis) and a fungus (Candida albicans).