Interacciones medicamentosas relacionadas a la polifarmacia psiquiátrica en usuarios adultos del Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental de Lima 2021

Abstract

Objective: "To determine the relationship between psychiatric polypharmacy and drug interactions in adult users of the National Institute of Mental Health in Lima, 2021." Method: Deductive with a quantitative approach, basic study, non-experimental, descriptive, correlational, retrospective, and cross-sectional. The technique used was observation, and the instrument was a data collection form. Results: The study evaluated 300 medical prescriptions. Of the patients, 51% were aged 18 to 39 years, and 40% were aged 40 to 59 years; 56% were male, and 44% female. Regarding the number of psychotropic drugs prescribed, 86% were prescribed 4 to 5 psychotropic drugs, and 11% were prescribed between 6 and 7. Additionally, 42.3% had indications every 12 hours, and 57.3% had treatments lasting 1 to 2 months. The most prevalent type of polypharmacy was adjuvant polypharmacy (72.7%), followed by total polypharmacy (10.3%) and multiclass polypharmacy (7.7%). The most frequent therapeutic groups were antidepressants (37.7%) and antipsychotics (33.7%). Regarding drug interactions, 51% had 1 to 3 interactions, 35% had 4 to 6 interactions, and 3.3% had more than 10 interactions. Of these, 52.3% were synergistic drug interactions, and 45.7% were pharmacokinetic interactions affecting metabolism. Severe drug interactions were observed in 81% of cases, while 18% were moderate. Regarding documentation, 75.7% presented suspicious or fair evidence, while 12.7% had probable or good evidence. Conclusion: It was determined that there is a significant relationship between psychiatric polypharmacy and drug interactions in adult users of the National Institute of Mental Health in Lima, 2021.

La polifarmacia es una causal importante implicado con un mayor riesgo de interacciones medicamentosas y efectos adversos. Objetivo. “Determinar la relación entre la polifarmacia psiquiátrica y las interacciones medicamentosas en usuarios adultos del Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental de Lima 2021”. Método. Deductivo con enfoque cuantitativo, estudio básico, no experimental, descriptivo, correlacional, retrospectivo y transversal, técnica la observación, instrumento Ficha de recolección de datos. Resultados. El estudio evaluó 300 prescripciones médicas, el 51% tenían entre 18 a 39 años; el 40% tenían 40 a 59 años; 56% eran varones y 44% mujeres. La cantidad de psicofármacos prescritos, 86% tuvieron 4 a 5 psicofármacos; 11% tuvo entre 6 y 7 psicofármacos, 42.3% tuvieron indicaciones cada 12 horas; luego 57,3% tuvieron tratamiento de 1 a 2 meses. El tipo de polifarmacia coadyuvante fue más prevalente con 72.7%, 10.3% polifarmacia total y 7.7% fue polifarmacia multiclase. Los grupos terapéuticos de mayor incidencia fueron 37.7% antidepresivos, antipsicóticos con 33.7%. La cantidad de interacciones medicamentosas, 51% tuvieron 1 a 3 interacciones, 35% tuvo 4 a 6 interacciones y 3.3% tuvo más de 10 interacciones. El 52.3% fueron interacciones medicamentosas tipo sinérgicas y 45.7% fueron interacciones farmacocinéticas afectando el metabolismo. El 81% presentaron interacciones medicamentosas graves y 18% moderado. El 75.7% presentó documentación sospechosa o justa, el 12.7% fue probable o buena. Conclusión. Se determinó que existe relación significativamente entre la polifarmacia psiquiátrica y las interacciones medicamentosas en usuarios adultos del Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental de Lima 2021.