Risk factors for preeclampsia with severity criteria in pregnant women treated at the Chavin de Pariarca Health Center 2022

Abstract

Objective: To describe the risk factors for Preeclampsia with severe criteria in a pregnant woman attended at the Chavin de Pariarca Health Center. Materials and Methods: The methodology was observational, retrospective, and descriptive. Information was collected from the medical history of the pregnant woman diagnosed with Preeclampsia with severe criteria. Variables included personal and obstetric history, maternal and perinatal complications, and obstetric management. A literature review was conducted to discuss the findings. Results: A case is presented of a 44-year-old grand multipara at 38 weeks of gestation who presented to the emergency department with symptoms of headache, epigastric pain, blood pressure of 198/110 mmHg, and a diagnosis of preeclampsia with severe criteria. Treatment included magnesium sulfate administration, antihypertensive drugs, and hydration. The delivery concluded with an emergency cesarean section, resulting in a female newborn weighing 3,710 grams, with an APGAR score of 7 at one minute and 9 at five minutes, and clear green amniotic fluid. Conclusions: Advanced maternal age, high parity, obesity, and a history of preeclampsia in a previous pregnancy were identified as risk factors for preeclampsia with severe criteria.

Se realizó un estudio de tipo caso – control. La muestra estuvo constituida por 90 muertes perinatales de 28 semanas a más y/o un peso mayor igual a 1000 gramos y un grupo control de 2 recién nacidos vivos por cada muerte perinatal seleccionados al azar, haciendo un total de 180 controles. Se analizaron 11 variables maternas y 5 neonatales con la prueba chi – cuadrado y odds ratio con un intervalo de confianza del 95% (p<0,05). Los resultados fueron: la tasa de mortalidad perinatal fue de 3,91 por mil nacidos vivos. Los factores de riesgo asociados fueron: falta de control prenatal (OR=4.17), presencia de patología obstétrica (OR=2.23), presentación fetal no cefálica (OR=9.08), inicio de trabajo de parto no espontáneo (OR=6.70), prematuridad (OR=25.38), pequeño para su edad gestacional (OR=10.55) y anomalías congénitas. Las conclusiones fueron: de los factores maternos resalta, la falta de control prenatal y la presencia de patología obstétrica. Los factores neonatales tienen mayor fuerza de asociación, principalmente la prematuridad y la presencia de malformaciones congénitas.