Relationship between eating habits and nutritional status in children aged 1 to 3 years at Breña Health Center, Lima 2018

Abstract

Objective: Determine the relationship that exists between eating habits and nutritional status in children from 1 to 3 years of age treated at the Breña health center, Lima 2018. Material and Methods: Quantitative, correlational and cross-sectional approach. The sample was made up of 118 mothers of children from 1 to 3 years old attended during the month of November 2018. A validated and reliable questionnaire was applied. Results: Nutritional status in children from 1 to 3 years of age, 88% have normal P/E, 1% are underweight and 11% are overweight. Likewise, 92% have normal T/E, 7% had chronic malnutrition, 1% had severe malnutrition and tall height for their age, in addition 83% had normal P/T, 14% were overweight and 3% were obesity. Regarding the eating habits variables, 74% have adequate consumption and 26% have inadequate consumption, according to their dimensions, 56% have adequate carbohydrate consumption and 45% have inadequate consumption; Vitamins and minerals, 45% have adequate consumption and 56% have inadequate consumption; proteins, 64% had adequate consumption and 36% had inadequate consumption and finally in the consumption of fats or lipids, 81% had adequate consumption and 19% had inadequate consumption. There is a correlation between nutritional status and eating habits, a p-value of 0.000 (p<0.05) was found statistically. Conclusions: the majority have adequate eating habits and nutritional status. There is a relationship between both variables.

Objetivo: Determinar la relación que existe entre los hábitos alimenticios y el estado nutricional en niños de 1 a 3 años de edad atendidos en el centro de salud Breña, Lima 2018. Material y Métodos: Enfoque cuantitativo, correlacional y de corte transversal. La muestra estuvo conformada por 118 madres de niños de 1 a 3 años atendidos durante el mes de noviembre 2018 se aplicó un cuestionario validado y confiable. Resultados: Estado nutricional en niños de 1 a 3 años de edad, el 88 % presentan P/E normal, el 1% con bajo peso y un 11% con sobrepeso. Asimismo, el 92% presentan T/E normal, el 7% tuvo desnutrición crónica, el 1% desnutrición severa y talla alta para la edad, además el 83% presentan P/T normal, el 14% con sobrepeso y un 3% con obesidad. En cuanto a la variables hábitos alimenticios el 74% tiene consumo adecuado y el 26% presento consumo inadecuado, según sus dimensiones el 56% tiene un consumo adecuado de carbohidratos y el 45% tiene consumo inadecuado; Vitaminas y minerales el 45% tiene consumo adecuado y el 56% presenta consumo inadecuado; proteínas el 64% tiene un consumo adecuado y el 36% tuvo consumo inadecuado y por último en el consumo de grasas o lípidos el 81% tuvo un consumo adecuado y el 19% inadecuado. Existe correlación entre estado nutricional y hábitos alimenticios, se halló estadísticamente un p-valor de 0,000 (p<0,05). Conclusiones: en mayoría presentan hábitos alimenticios y estado nutricional adecuado. Existe relación entre ambas variables.