Social and cultural characteristics of emergency hormonal contraception in women of childbearing age
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The objective of the study is to write scientific evidence on the social and cultural characteristics of emergency hormonal contraception in women of reproductive age. The material, methods, and methodology developed in the study was a qualitative narrative review, consisting of 28 articles published in: Scielo, Pubmed, Dialnet, and DOAJ. The GRADE system was used to assess the strength of the recommendation of each reviewed article, with the results showing: 35% were descriptive cross-sectional studies, while 31% were of moderate level. The social characteristics were: 50% aged between 16 to 19 years, 82% single, 83% students, and 72% from urban areas. The cultural characteristics were: 68% had secondary education, 65% had no knowledge of emergency contraception, and 61% used it at least 1 to 2 times a year. The conclusion of the study is that there is moderate-level scientific evidence regarding the social and cultural characteristics of emergency hormonal contraception in women of reproductive age.
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Resultados: Se seleccionaron 31 estudios. La prevalencia de atonía uterina oscila entre 1.1% a 48.5%. Los factores sociodemográficos son etnia hispana con razón de posibilidades (OR)=1.24 al OR=2.1; asiática OR=1.45 al OR=1.72; afroamericana OR=0.99 al OR=1.14; y edad materna avanzada OR=1.7 al OR=7.9. Los antecedentes y comorbilidad materna fueron: hemorragia posparto previa OR=1.47 al OR=22.7; cesárea previa OR=1.02 al OR=8.3; anemia previa OR=1.84 al OR=4.27; hipertensión OR=1.63 a OR=4.90; diabetes OR=1.11 al OR=1.28; y miomatosis uterina OR=0.74 al OR=1.84. En el embarazo, macrosomía fetal OR=1.21 al OR=6.28; gestación múltiple OR=1.17 a OR=8.0; placenta previa OR=3.91 al OR=9.75 y polihidramnios OR=1.0 al OR=5.97; y parto asociados a atonía uterina reportan a parto prolongado OR=1.30 al OR=5.24; uso de oxitocina OR=1.04 a OR=2.97; inducción de parto OR=1.12 al OR=1.54; corioamnionitis OR =1.08 al OR=4.38; y desgarro perineal OR= 1.27 al OR=2.12; trauma vaginal OR=1.56 al OR=3.07; desgarro cervical OR=3.70 al OR= 8.37.y parto vaginal instrumentado OR=1.05 a OR=1.88. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de atonía oscila entre 1.1% a 48.5%. Los principales factores asociados son etnia, edad materna avanzada, hemorragia posparto previa, cesarea previa, macrosomía, gestación múltiple, placenta previa, parto prolongado, uso de oxitocina, inducción del parto, corioamnionitis, desgarro perineal y desgarro cervical.