Association between the nutritional status of adolescent pregnant women and the birth weight of their newborns.

Abstract

The study was quantitative, retrospective, descriptive, associative, and cross-sectional. It involved the entire population of 34 adolescent pregnant women, using documentary analysis with a data collection form as an instrument to assess the nutritional status of the adolescent pregnant women at the end of pregnancy and the nutritional status of the newborn. The results were as follows: Regarding the nutritional status of the adolescent pregnant women at the end of pregnancy, 55.9% had a BMI indicating overweight, 29.4% had a normal BMI, and 14.7% had an obesity BMI. For the weight of the neonates, 73.5% were appropriately sized, 17.6% were small for gestational age, and 8.8% were large for gestational age. In the relationship between the nutritional diagnosis of the adolescent pregnant woman and the newborn's weight, 10 women with a normal BMI gave birth to 5 appropriately sized neonates and 5 small neonates. Among the 24 women with overweight/obesity, 20 gave birth to appropriately sized neonates, 3 to large neonates, and 1 to a small neonate. Conclusion: There is a linear and positive correlation between the nutritional status of the adolescent pregnant woman evaluated by BMI and the newborn's birth weight (Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.679 and p-value > 0.001).

El estudio es cuantitativo, retrospectivo, descriptivo, asociación y de corte transversal. Se trabajó con la población total que fue de 34 gestantes adolescente, utilizando la técnica de análisis documental, aplicando como instrumento una ficha de recolección de datos para: Estado nutricional de la gestante adolescente al final de la gestación y el estado nutricional del recién nacido. En los resultados se obtuvieron: Del estado nutricional de la gestante adolescente al final del embarazo, 55.9% alcanzó IMC de sobrepeso, 29.4% IMC normal, y 14.7% IMC de obesidad. Para el peso del neonato se encontró 73.5% neonatos adecuados, 17.6% neonatos pequeños y 8.8% neonatos grandes para su edad gestacional. En la relación del diagnóstico nutricional de la gestante adolescente con el peso del neonato, de 34 gestantes adolescentes, 10 gestantes con IMC normal dieron a luz 5 neonatos adecuados y 5 pequeños; 24 gestantes con sobre peso/obesidad, obtuvieron 20 neonatos adecuado, 3 neonatos grandes y 1 neonato pequeño para su edad gestacional. Conclusión: Existe una correlación lineal y positiva entre el estado nutricional de la gestante adolescente evaluado con IMC y el peso corporal del neonato al nacer. (Coeficiente de Pearson = 0,679 y valor p > 0,001)