Inhibitory effect of the ethanolic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) leaves and chlorhexidine digluconate at 0.05% and 0.12% plus cetylpyridinium chloride 0.05% against Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175: comparative in vitro study

Abstract

The aim of this research was to compare the inhibitory effect of the ethanolic extract of Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) leaves and Digluconate of Chlorhexidine at 0.05% and 0.12% combined with Cetylpyridinium Chloride 0.05% on Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 in an in vitro comparative study. This was an experimental in vitro, prospective, and cross-sectional study. A total of 21 experimental units (discs) were used per concentration. The groups included distilled H2O as a control, Digluconate of CHX 0.05% and 0.12% combined with CPC 0.05%, and three concentrations of rosemary EtOH extract at 25%, 50%, and 100%; Mueller Hinton agar with 5% blood was used as the culture medium, and Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 strain was tested. Each disc was applied with 10 microliters of solution. After 48 hours, distilled H2O showed no halo, while the extracts at 25%, 50%, and 100% presented mean halos of 15.19, 15.67, and 16.00 mm with standard deviations (SD) of 0.81, 0.48, and 1.34, respectively. The Digluconate of CHX 0.05% and 0.12% combined with CPC 0.05% showed halos of 16.75 and 16.95 mm with SDs of 0.83 and 0.87. On the Duraffourd scale, the extracts and controls showed inhibitory effects between 15-19 mm, considered highly sensitive. The study concluded that both rosemary EtOH extracts and Digluconate of CHX 0.05% and 0.12% combined with CPC 0.05% present statistically comparable inhibitory effects on Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175.

La presente investigación tuvo por objetivo comparar el efecto inhibitorio del extracto etanólico de las hojas de Rosmarinus officinalis (Romero) y el Digluconato de Clorhexidina al 0,05 y 0,12% mas Cloruro de Cetilpiridinio 0,05% sobre Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 estudio comparativo in vitro. Estudio experimental in vitro, prospectivo y transversal. Se trabajó con 21 unidades experimentales (discos) por concentración. Grupo blanco H2O, control Digluconato de CHX 0,05 y 0,12% mas CPC 0,05% y tres concentraciones de ext. EtOH de Romero 25, 50 y 100%; el medio cultivo agar Mueller Hinton-sangre 5% y cepa Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175. A cada disco se le aplico 10 microlitros solución. Resultados después de 48 horas el H2O bidestilada no tuvo halo, los extractos al 25, 50 y 100% presentaron medias de halos 15.19, 15,67 y 16,00 mm y sus (s) 0,81, 0,48 y 1,34. El Digluconato de CHX 0,05 y 0,12% más CPC 0,05% fueron 16,75 y 16,95 mm con (s) 0,83 y 0,87. En la escala de Duraffourd los extractos y controles entre 15-19 mm efecto inhibitorio muy sensible. Concluyendo los extractos EtOH de Romero y Digluconato de CHX 0,05 y 0,12% mas CPC 0,05% presentan efecto inhibitorio estadísticamente comparable sobre Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175.