Anemia in pregnant women in the third trimester as a risk factor for preterm birth at María Auxiliadora Hospital, April – September 2018

Abstract

The study is a non-experimental quantitative analytical group difference study, retrospective cross-sectional. The study population was made up of the medical records of pregnant women who presented premature birth, a total of 705. Non-probabilistic convenience sampling type and the sample was made up of 250 medical records. The results were that 80% of the pregnant women were aged less than or equal to 19 years, 76.4% were in a cohabiting relationship, 93.2% were dedicated to their home, 80.8% of the pregnant women had education. secondary, 44% come from the coast, 73% of pregnant women had mild anemia, 21% of pregnant women had moderate anemia and 6% had severe anemia, Statistical association was found between both variables with a p value=.000. Concluding that the presence of anemia (mild, moderate or severe) in pregnant women in the third trimester is a risk factor for premature birth; and this association is statistically significant.

Material y método: Estudio de tipo prospectivo descriptivo y de corte transversal. Resultados: Los factores sociodemográficos, se encontraron la edad de 20 a 34 años, el 31,9% secundaria incompleta, el 26.9% solteras, 34.1% amas de casa y el 40.1% primigestas. En factores familiares, el 63.7% cuentan con el apoyo de la familia, el 54.9% abandonadas por su pareja, también con el 72.5% no se halló violencia intrafamiliar y 66.5% no se influenciaron de experiencias negativas. Los factores laborales el 47.8% retornan su ámbito laboral, el 18.1% retomaron sus estudios, el 58.9% no contaban con hora de lactancia y un 70.1% no cuenta con lactarios. Sin embargo, en los factores personales a nivel de conocimiento el 75.2% reconoce los beneficios nutricionales de la leche materna, por otro lado, a nivel de complicaciones un 56% se aquejaba del dolor al dar de mamar y un 24.7% presentaron grietas en el pezón, el 43.4% sintieron desesperación e impotencia y un 34.1% sintieron estrés. Conclusiones: Los motivos de abandono de la lactancia materna exclusiva más frecuentes fueron los factores familiares y laborales ya que a falta del apoyo de ambos no se cumpliría una lactancia exitosa.