Factors associated with premature rupture of membranes in pregnant women - 2021

Abstract

Objective: To analyze and interpret the factors associated with premature rupture of membranes in pregnant women in 2021 through a systematic review.

Methodology: A systematic review to analyze and synthesize data. A qualitative approach with an observational and retrospective design. Data was collected from search engines such as PubMed, Dialnet, Scielo, and LILACS. The data review period was from July to September 2021, with no data older than seven years. Keywords for the search: premature rupture of membranes. The technique used was documentary analysis.

Results: Of the selected articles, 9 were case-control studies, 7 were reviews, 3 were descriptive, 3 were retrospective, 3 were cohort, 1 was correlational, 1 was comparative, and 1 was prospective. The results show that for premature rupture of membranes, 40% correspond to sociodemographic factors, 3.3% to economic factors, 30% to clinical factors, and 53.3% to gynecological-obstetric factors.

Conclusions: The main factors for premature rupture of membranes in pregnant women aged 20 to 35 are: poor nutritional status (low weight); inadequate prenatal care; low income; urinary and cervical-vaginal infections; a history of premature rupture of membranes, abortion, cesarean section; amniocentesis, multiple pregnancies, cervical incompetence, previous use of an intrauterine device, primigravida, hemorrhage, oligohydramnios, short interpregnancy period, and breech presentation.

Objetivo: Analizar e interpretar los factores asociados a rotura prematura de membranas en gestantes 2021 mediante una revisión sistemática.

Metodología: Revisión sistemática para analizar y sintetizar datos. Enfoque cualitativo de diseño observacional y retrospectivo. Los datos se recolectaron de buscadores como, PubMed, Dialnet, Scielo y LILACS. Periodo de revisión de datos fue de julio a septiembre del 2021, antigüedad de la información no mayor a siete años. Palabras clave para la búsqueda: ruptura prematura de membranas. Técnica utilizada, análisis documental.

Resultados: De los artículos seleccionados 9 fueron de casos y control, 7 de revisión, 3 descriptivos, 3 retrospectivos, 3 de cohorte, 1 correlacional, 1 comparativo y 1 prospectivo. Los resultados muestran que, para la rotura prematura de membranas, el 40% corresponde a factores sociodemográficos, 3.3% a factores económicos, 30% a factores clínicos y 53.3% a factores gineco-obstétricos.

Conclusiones: Los principales factores para la rotura prematura en gestantes entre los 20 a 35 años son: deficiente estado nutricional (bajo peso); inadecuada atención prenatal; ingreso económico bajo; infección del tracto urinario y cérvico-vaginal; antecedente de ruptura prematura de membranas, aborto, cesárea; amniocentesis, embarazo múltiple, incompetencia de cérvix, antecedente de uso de dispositivo intrauterino, primigestación, hemorragia, oligohidramnios, periodo intergenésico corto y presentación podálica.