Relationship between newborn weight and perineal tears in pregnant women with anemia at Vitarte Hospital, 2017

Abstract

MATERIALS AND METHOD: Correlational, retrospective and cross-sectional study. The study population was made up of a total of 2,612 pregnant women who had vaginal births, who presented anemia and did not undergo episiotomy. There being a total of 274 cases for the year 2017, data obtained from the Statistics and Informatics Office of the Vitarte Hospital. The sample was 110 medical records of vaginally delivered pregnant women with anemia without episiotomy (selection by convenience); of which 55 medical records of pregnant women who presented perineal tear and 55 clinical records of pregnant women who did not present perineal tear were assigned, to then consider the weight of the newborn. RESULTS: An estimated 4.1% incidence of perineal tears in pregnant women with anemia, without episiotomy. In 33% of the pregnant women with a perineal tear, the age was between 21 and 25 years, while in 35% of the pregnant women who did not present a perineal tear, the age was between 26 and 30 years. 78% and 65% of pregnant women with perineal tear and without perineal tear were multiparous. The 51% with perineal tears are treated more frequently by resident doctors, while the 43% who did not present perineal tears are treated by obstetricians. 100% had first degree tears. 95% and 89% of the newborns of pregnant women with perineal tear and without perineal tear had a normal weight. CONCLUSION: 5% of pregnant women with a macrosomic newborn and 95% with a normal weight newborn presented perineal tears during the study period. The incidence of perineal tears in pregnant women with anemia, without episiotomy at the Vitarte Hospital during 2017 was 4.1%. The age group that presented the greatest perineal tear was 21 - 25 years old with 33%. In relation to parity, 78% of multiparous pregnant women had a higher frequency of perineal tears. The first degree is the type of perineal tear that pregnant women with anemia presented. The weight of the newborn has no relationship with perineal tear in pregnant women with anemia at the Vitarte Hospital in 2017.

El Estudio de diseño cuasi - experimental con prueba de pre - test y post – test, de tipo prospectivo observacional. La población de estudio estuvo conformada por 120 alumnos con muestra censal de la totalidad de los 120 alumnos .los resultados fueron la edad promedio de 16 y 17 años con el 83,3%, el sexo que predomino fue el masculino con 50,8%, el 72,5% manifestaron que no tienen actividad sexual. El nivel de conocimiento sobre las ITS VIH - SIDA antes del programa educativo donde 24 estudiantes tuvieron un nivel bajo, 77 estudiantes un nivel regular, 18 estudiantes un nivel alto y después de la aplicación del programa educativo se incrementó significativamente a 86 alumnos en un nivel alto, quedando con 34 un nivel regular, 0 en nivel bajo. Concluyendo que el programa educativo sobre la ITS VIH SIDA influye significativamente en el nivel de conocimiento en adolescente del colegio Manuel Tobías García cerrón N°3071.