Odontología

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13053/23

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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2012) Altamirano Canales, Dayvi Ramiro; Del Castillo Ayquipa, Armando
The objective of this research was to evaluate in vitro the degree of microleakage in the cementation of prefabricated fiberglass posts using two types of adhesive cementing agents (dual-cure resin cement and flowable resin). The sample consisted of 32 single-rooted teeth (lower premolars) recently extracted. All teeth underwent root canal treatments and were then randomly distributed into two groups: in 16 teeth, translucent fiberglass prefabricated posts were installed using dual-cure resin cement, and in the remaining 16 teeth, the same posts were cemented using flowable light-cured resin. The sample was coated with nail varnish on the entire length of the root and then immersed in 5% methylene blue for 7 days to allow passive filtration. The teeth were sectioned by wear to observe the microleakage of the dye, which was recorded through high-precision digital photographs. Microleakage was then measured using Adobe® Illustrator® CS5.5 with the “Transform” tool. The data were analyzed using the independent samples t-test, which showed a statistically significant difference between the study groups (p < 0.05). The study concluded that the degree of microleakage in the cementation of prefabricated fiberglass posts is lower with flowable resin compared to dual-cure resin cement.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2012) García Díaz, Marco Aurelio; Quiroz Mejía, Jesús Miguel
Rugoscopy is a safe and low-cost method that can be used as an alternative technique in the identification process of corpses or unidentified persons. This study analyzed the palatal rugae's shape and position using the morphologic classification of Dr. Basauri in two different genders. The analysis was performed on the rugoscopic casts of study models obtained from patients attending the Dentistry Clinic at Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener during the 2012-I care period. A form called the Standardized Rugoscopic Grid (C.R.E.) was used, designed and validated as a data collection tool. Additionally, 100 study models of the upper maxilla from 52 males and 48 females, along with intraoral photographs, were used. The results showed that rugae types 4 (sinuous), 1 (straight), and 2 (curved) had the highest frequency of appearance, while types 5 (circle), 8 (raquet), and 9 (branch) had the lowest frequency in both genders. The study concluded that the type of palatal rugae is related to their position. It was also observed that the number of rugae is individual, as there was no repetition of descriptive or palatoglyphic codes among individuals, making palatal rugae unique and unrepeatable, which allows them to be used in forensic identification processes. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the form used in this study was efficient, useful, and easy to complete.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2012) Maraví Inga, Gisella Giovanna; Castillo Andamayo, Diana Esmeralda
The objective of this research was to determine the antibacterial and antifungal in vitro effect of the essential oils of Mentha piperita (peppermint), Origanum vulgare (oregano), and Cymbopogon citratus (lemongrass) using the disc diffusion method on Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 10746, and Candida albicans ATCC 90028. The essential oils of these plants were obtained through the steam distillation method. For the microbiological analysis, the essential oil of peppermint was used at concentrations of 50% and 100%, oregano at 50% and 100%, and lemongrass at 50% and 90%. To obtain the 50% and 90% concentrations, the oils were diluted in distilled water and DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide). These essential oils were compared with nystatin as the positive control (for fungi) and chlorhexidine gluconate at 0.12% (for bacteria). Distilled H2O and DMSO were used as negative controls. The in vitro sensitivity tests showed the following results: of the three essential oils, oregano had the greatest effect on Streptococcus mutans. For Lactobacillus acidophilus and Candida albicans, lemongrass had the greatest effect. The essential oils of oregano and lemongrass were more effective in antibacterial and antifungal activity than the positive controls, chlorhexidine at 0.12% and nystatin, except for Mentha piperita (peppermint) at 50%, whose action was weaker than the positive controls.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2012) Gálvez Saldaña, Santos; Galvez Ramirez, Carlos Michell
The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of microleakage in composite resins in relation to the cavity preparation surface finish of class II cavities with a right-angle and bevel angle in dental pieces. The in vitro study was experimental, analytical, cross-sectional, prospective, and applicative in nature. Sample: 60 human teeth. Class II cavities were prepared in all, with 30 having a right-angle surface finish and 30 with a bevel-angle surface finish. All samples were filled with composite resin. They were hydrated in 0.9% sodium chloride for one week, and the apices were sealed with acrylic resin. A total of 250 thermocycling cycles at temperatures of 5°C and 55°C were performed. The samples were then immersed in 2% methylene blue for one week. Vertical, horizontal, and coronal cuts were made to evaluate all walls involved in this research, and then observed under an optical microscope at 10x magnification. As a result, in the vertical cut, the three respective degrees of microleakage showed average differences of 30%, 10%, and 20%. In the horizontal cut, the three degrees of microleakage showed average differences of 40%, 10%, and 40%. In the coronal cut, the four degrees of microleakage showed average differences of 20%, 57%, 27%, and 50%, all favoring the bevel-angle restorations. In conclusion, restorations with a bevel-angle cavity preparation surface finish exhibited less microleakage compared to restorations with a right-angle surface finish.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2013) Concepción Javier, Lucinda Emilia; Dalby Morla, Maria Paola Felicita
The research was conducted with the objective of defining the concentration of lead in deciduous dental enamel according to gender, age, and severity. Thirty-five microbiopsies were performed on the dental enamel of 35 children from the Quichas community; the sampling was non-probabilistic and convenient. 100% of the children had lead levels in their dental enamel. The results show lead concentrations ranging from 5.65 to 12.83 μg/g in children between 4 and 6 years of age. A significant relationship was demonstrated between lead concentration and age. It was concluded that the median concentrations are higher as age increases. Regarding the severity of lead concentration, it was found that 94.3% of the children had moderate concentrations (5 μg/g-10 μg/g) and 5.7% had severe concentrations (10 μg/g or higher). However, no statistically significant differences were found according to gender. It is recommended to further study the concentration of lead in dental enamel, analyze lead levels in blood and saliva, conduct studies on permanent teeth, and compare lead concentrations in deciduous and permanent teeth.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2013) Sarco Daza, Natalia Luisa Antonia; Quintana del Solar, Carmen Inocencia
The objective of the study was to determine the level of quality of care perceived by the responsible person of pediatric dental patients treated at the Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener clinic. The study was descriptive, prospective, and cross-sectional. The population consisted of all the responsible individuals of pediatric dental patients who received care at the clinic during the second semester of 2012. The sample included 102 individuals over 18 years of age, chosen from the Clinic of the Child I and II, using simple random sampling. The SERVQHOS instrument was used, which was modified and validated. The results showed that the quality level was good in 64%, regular in 34%, and poor in a small percentage of 2%. It was also determined that dimensions related to objective quality (such as punctuality in care and staff appearance) negatively influenced the perceived quality. No differences were found in objective quality between its dimensions. The sociodemographic factor that influenced the perceived quality level was the education level, where a significant association between variables was found. It was concluded that, although there is a high level of satisfaction from the responsible individuals of pediatric dental patients, better results could be achieved by improving punctuality in care and the appearance of the clinic. Palabras clave:
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2013) Carhuas Huaranga, Zenaida Paula; Dalby Morla, Maria Paola Felicita
The purpose of this research was to analyze the study models of students aged 12 to 16 years at the Huaycán Mixed School to compare the predictive accuracy of the Moyers and Tanaka Johnston analyses. The study was prospective and analytical, with an applied level. The sample consisted of study models from 50 students who met certain inclusion criteria. Data processing was performed using the Wilcoxon test for related samples, with a 95% confidence level. The results showed a significant difference with the Moyers probability at 75% and 85%, in both genders and both maxillae. The difference was not significant for the male gender, with 95% in both arches. Regarding the Tanaka Johnston probability at 75%, a significant difference was found in both genders and maxillae, compared to the 85%, where there was no significant difference for the female gender, but a significant difference for the male gender, in both maxillae. In conclusion, the results suggested that the Moyers probability at 95% should be applied to the upper and lower maxillae for males, and the Tanaka Johnston equation at 85% for the upper and lower maxillae for females, since there are no statistically significant differences.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2014) Merino García, Marcos Emilio; Iturria Reátegui, Ingrid Rosa Isabel
The objective of this research was to compare the apical microfiltration level in vitro of three endodontic cements: Grossman, zinc oxide-eugenol, and Endofill, used in root canal obturation. For this purpose, 30 single-rooted teeth were collected and subjected to conventional root canal treatment. Ten teeth were treated with Grossman endodontic cement, ten with zinc oxide-eugenol endodontic cement, and ten with Endofill endodontic cement. The results showed that the zinc oxide-eugenol endodontic cement had an average microfiltration of 2.4 mm; Grossman endodontic cement had an average microfiltration of 1.9 mm; and Endofill endodontic cement had an average microfiltration of 1.3 mm. Conclusion: Endofill endodontic cement showed the lowest risk of apical microfiltration.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2014) Moquillaza Ajalcriña, Gloria Milagros; Galvez Ramirez, Carlos Michell
The objective of this research was to determine if there is a relationship between risk, dental caries prevalence, and the stomatological evaluation of lunchbox contents in children with deciduous dentition at the N.o 191 María Inmaculada Early Education Institution. The study was descriptive, observational, relational, and prospective, with a cross-sectional design. The sample was non-probabilistic by convenience, consisting of 159 children enrolled at the N.o 191 María Inmaculada Early Education Institution who met the inclusion criteria. A clinical form was created. To measure dental caries risk, the Cambra survey was used. To measure the prevalence of dental caries, the ceo-d index was used, and to evaluate the stomatological content of the lunchboxes, a data collection form was created with a stomatological evaluation scale, validated by expert judgment. The results showed that the dental caries risk in the children was moderate, with 59.8%. The prevalence of dental caries was high, with 84.28%, and the ceo-d index was 4.89. The stomatological evaluation of the lunchbox contents was poor, with 54.1%. A statistically significant relationship was found between the dental caries risk and the prevalence of dental caries, as well as between the prevalence of dental caries and the stomatological evaluation of lunchbox contents.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2014) Zavala Vega, Luis Antonio; Malpartida Quispe, Federico Martin
The presence of bacteria in the root canal induces chronic periapical disease. Therefore, one of the most important objectives of endodontic treatment is to eliminate all microorganisms from the root canals, using both irrigating solutions and intra-canal medication between sessions, especially in cases of endodontic retreatment, due to the presence of persistent bacteria that may resist various commonly used intra-canal medications. Enterococcus faecalis are the most frequently isolated bacteria from teeth with endodontic failure and the main contributors to persistent apical periodontitis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect of 2% chlorhexidine gel and calcium hydroxide mixed with various vehicles (2% chlorhexidine solution, camphorated paramonochlorophenol, and saline solution) against Enterococcus faecalis, using the agar well diffusion method. Fifty Petri dishes with brain heart agar were prepared, with each dish containing 4 wells saturated with intra-canal medications. The samples were incubated at 37°C, and measurements of bacterial inhibition zones were recorded at 1, 7, and 15 days. The data were processed using the analysis of variance statistical test, concluding that 2% chlorhexidine gel has greater antibacterial efficacy than calcium hydroxide combined with various vehicles (2% chlorhexidine solution, camphorated paramonochlorophenol, and saline solution) after 1, 7, and 15 days against Enterococcus faecalis.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2015) Sihuay Espinoza, Fiviana Danitsa; Galvez Ramirez, Carlos Michell
The objective of this research was to determine the factors associated with the noise level produced by high and low-speed rotary instruments according to usage time, brand, and maintenance. The study was descriptive, observational, prospective, and cross-sectional. A total of 128 rotary instruments, both high and low speed, were used, and the noise level was measured using a sound level meter during cavity preparation on models with natural teeth. The results showed that the average noise levels of the high and low-speed rotary instruments were below 85 decibels (dB). According to usage time, the highest noise level was found between 4 to 5 years for both types of instruments. By brand, the highest noise level for high-speed rotary instruments was found in brand 1, and for low-speed instruments, it was found in brand 3. Finally, according to maintenance, the highest noise level in both types of instruments was found in those that had not received maintenance. It was concluded that the most frequent factor associated with the noise level produced by high and low-speed rotary instruments was maintenance, and all instruments were below the 85 dB permissible exposure limit regulated by MINSA.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2015) Carrión Reyes, Gueraldin Mercedes; Malpartida Quispe, Federico Martin
The objective of this study was to determine the inhibitory effect of the ethanolic extract of Bidens pilosa (Amor seco) compared to Colgate Plax® and 0.12% Chlorhexidine Gluconate against strains of Streptococcus mutans. The study was experimental, prospective, longitudinal, and analytical. The population consisted of Streptococcus mutans strains (ATCC 25175), and the sample consisted of 40 Petri dishes. The strains were reactivated and cultured on Blood Agar, where 6 mm diameter wells were made, and approximately 100 µl of the ethanolic extract of Bidens pilosa (Amor seco) were added in the following concentrations: 0.8/10, 1/10, and pure. The results were compared with 0.12% Chlorhexidine Gluconate as a positive control, distilled water as a negative control, and Colgate Plax® mouthwash. The results showed that the 0.8/10 and 1/10 concentrations of the ethanolic extract of Bidens pilosa (Amor seco) did not present any inhibition zone at any time. However, the pure ethanolic extract produced an average inhibition zone of 11.98 mm at 24 hours and 11.80 mm at 48 hours. Furthermore, a stronger inhibitory effect was observed with the positive control, 0.12% Chlorhexidine Gluconate, and a lesser inhibitory effect compared to Colgate Plax® mouthwash against the Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) strain.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2015) Juscamaita Gutierrez, Elizabeth Stefany; Malpartida Quispe, Federico Martin
The objective of this study was to determine the inhibitory effect of the essential oil of Eucalyptus globulus compared to 0.12% Chlorhexidine Gluconate and Colgate Plax® mouthwash on the bacterial inhibition of Streptococcus mutans. The study was experimental, cross-sectional, prospective, and analytical, with an explanatory level, conducted in a laboratory. The population consisted of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) strains, and the sample included 40 Petri dishes. The culture medium used was Blood Agar, and 6 mm diameter wells were made in each Petri dish using a sterile punch. The essential oil of Eucalyptus globulus at concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 100%, 0.12% Chlorhexidine Gluconate, Colgate Plax® mouthwash, and Tween 20 were added to the wells. The results showed that the 25%, 50%, and 100% concentrations of Eucalyptus globulus essential oil produced inhibition halos with average diameters of 6.88 mm, 9.61 mm, and 12.65 mm at 24 hours, and 6.88 mm, 9.53 mm, and 11.90 mm at 48 hours, respectively, which were smaller than the inhibition halos produced by 0.12% Chlorhexidine Gluconate and Colgate Plax® mouthwash at both 24 and 48 hours against the Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175) strain.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2015) Enriquez Nuñez, Richar Gerardo; Quintana del Solar, Carmen Inocencia
According to the World Health Organization and the International Dental Federation, dental caries and gingivitis are the most prevalent oral health conditions among schoolchildren. Therefore, both pre-adolescents, adolescents, and young people must have an adequate level of knowledge about oral health. The objective of this research was to compare the level of knowledge about oral health and oral hygiene status before and after an educational intervention in children aged 8 to 13 years from the I.E. José Abelardo Quiñones - Ate, Lima, Peru, 2015. The sample consisted of 225 children aged between 8 and 13, who were given a questionnaire on oral health knowledge, and their oral hygiene index was recorded. The results showed that more than 80% of children had poor oral health knowledge, which improved to a good level after the educational intervention, with over 90% showing improvement. Also, over 70% of children presented poor knowledge based on their age group, which improved to a good level with more than 90% after the educational intervention. Regarding the Oral Hygiene Index (OHI), more than 80% of children had a poor OHI, which improved to a good level with over 90% after the educational intervention. When evaluating the children by age after the intervention, the oral hygiene index improved. It was concluded that the children initially had a poor Oral Hygiene Index and oral health knowledge, which improved to a good level following the educational intervention. It was also concluded that children with poor knowledge of oral health also had a poor Oral Hygiene Index, which changed to a good level after the educational interventions.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2015) Romero Cuica, Haydeé Concepción; Galvez Ramirez, Carlos Michell
The objective of this study was to determine if there is a relationship between the frequency of Cleft Lip and Palate (CLP) and the risk factors in neonates recorded at the "Carlos Lanfranco La Hoz" Hospital between 2005 and 2013, in the Puente Piedra district, Lima - Peru. Materials and Methods: The study was observational, descriptive, and retrospective. The research was conducted at the "Carlos Lanfranco La Hoz" Hospital and involved reviewing 41 medical records of neonates and their respective mothers registered between 2005 and 2013. The population consisted of all medical records of neonates with Cleft Lip and Palate and their respective mothers at the "Carlos Lanfranco La Hoz" Hospital from 2005 to 2013. The sample was obtained based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study, with evaluations of the medical records of the neonates diagnosed with CLP (41 records) and their mothers, based on data from the Hospital's Statistics Unit during 2005-2013. Results: The frequency of Cleft Lip and Palate was highest in Grade III with 65.85%, followed by Grade II with 24.39%, and Grade I with 9.75%. The male sex was more affected, comprising 70.73%, while 29.27% were female. No statistically significant association was found between CLP and the sex of the newborn. For variables such as family history, age of the parents, diseases during the first trimester of pregnancy, and the consumption of drugs, alcohol, and cigarettes as risk factors for CLP, no significant statistical associations were found. Newborns with CLP were more frequently born to first-time mothers, but no statistically significant association was found. The nutritional status of the mothers was mostly inadequate at 80.49%, but no statistically significant association was found between CLP and maternal nutritional status.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2015) Fernández Correa, Madeleine Milagros; Dalby Morla, Maria Paola Felicita
The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the level of parental knowledge about oral hygiene and its relation to the oral hygiene of children aged 3 to 5 years at the IEP "Angelitos de Jesús", Lima - 2015. The study was descriptive, prospective, observational, and cross-sectional. The population consisted of 138 children and their respective parents. The IHOs (Simplified Oral Hygiene Index by Green and Vermillion) was used on the children, and a questionnaire consisting of 10 questions related to oral hygiene, previously validated by expert judgment, was used for parents. The results showed that the IHOs was 65.00% for 3-year-olds and 42.50% for 5-year-olds, considered as poor oral hygiene; while 75.00% of 4-year-olds had regular oral hygiene. The level of parental knowledge about oral hygiene, according to age, was poor in 50.00% of parents aged 31 years and older. Regarding gender, the male gender had a higher prevalence, with 66.67% of males showing poor knowledge. The study concluded that there is no relationship between the level of parental knowledge about oral hygiene and the oral hygiene level of children aged 3 to 5 years at IEP "Angelitos de Jesús", Lima - 2015.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2015) Calvo Sánchez, Alina Rosario; Galvez Ramirez, Carlos Michell
Lighting is one of the important parameters to consider as either a preventive health measure during dental work, when adequate lighting is present, or as a potential risk factor when inadequate lighting exists in the patient care environment. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the lighting level of the work environment and the operating field used for dental care in dental offices and clinics in the Independencia district. The study was descriptive, observational, prospective, and cross-sectional. The sample consisted of 52 dental offices and 18 dental clinics. A lux meter was used as the instrument to measure the lighting level of the work environment and the operating field, and the readings were recorded in a data collection form. The results showed that 59.6% of the dental offices and 33.3% of the clinics had inadequate lighting levels in both the work environment and the operating field. Meanwhile, 40.4% of the dental offices and 66.7% of the clinics had adequate lighting levels. It was concluded that dental clinics had a higher level of adequate lighting than dental offices in both the work environment and the operating field.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2015) Cerga Rodriguez, Leslie Alexandra; Malpartida Quispe, Federico Martin
The objective of this study was to determine the inhibitory effect of essential oils from Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon) and Syzygium aromaticum (clove) in comparison to 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate against Enterococcus faecalis strains. The study was experimental, prospective, longitudinal, and analytical. The essential oils from these plants were obtained using the steam distillation method, utilizing the bark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon) and dried buds of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) at concentrations of 1%, 5%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. For the experiment, Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29212) was reactivated and then cultured on Petri dishes (15 cm in diameter) containing Mueller Hinton agar with 6 mm diameter wells, where approximately 100 µl of the essential oils were added, compared to 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate as a positive control and Tween 20 as a negative control. The plates were incubated at 37°C to check for bacterial viability and media sterility, and the inhibition zones were measured using a Vernier caliper at 24 and 48 hours. In vitro sensitivity testing yielded the following results: the antimicrobial effect of Cinnamomum zeylanicum (cinnamon) essential oil at its minimum effective concentration (1%) was greater than the antimicrobial effect of Syzygium aromaticum (clove) essential oil at its minimum effective concentration (25%). Additionally, a greater antimicrobial effect was observed with the positive control, 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2015) Carhuaricra Soto, Yudiht Abigail; Malpartida Quispe, Federico Martin
In periodontal disease, various microorganisms are involved, one of which is Porphyromonas gingivalis, an obligate anaerobic, Gram-negative bacterium that is predominantly found in chronic periodontitis, and is commonly eliminated by 0.12% chlorhexidine. The purpose of this study was to determine the inhibitory effect of Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) essential oil and 0.12% chlorhexidine on Porphyromonas gingivalis, using the agar diffusion method with discs, as an effort to find an alternative, natural, effective, and economical antimicrobial substance against this bacterium. For this, Porphyromonas gingivalis strains were inoculated in 40 Petri dishes containing Mueller Hinton agar. Then, three discs were placed on each plate, impregnated with 20 µl of 0.12% chlorhexidine, Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil, and distilled water as a negative control. The plates were incubated at 37°C in an anaerobic jar for the duration of the study, being removed only to measure the inhibition halos generated at 24 and 48 hours. The data were processed using SPSS software, and the Student's T-test was applied. It was concluded that Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary) essential oil exhibited an inhibitory effect against Porphyromonas gingivalis, and 0.12% chlorhexidine had a greater inhibitory effect than the essential oil against this bacterial strain.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2015) Fonte, Nijumin; Galvez Ramirez, Carlos Michell
The objective of this research was to determine the relationship between the prevalence of dental fluorosis and exposure to systemic fluorides in schoolchildren aged 12-15 from the Carlos Gutiérrez Merino Educational Institution in Ancón, Lima-Peru, in 2014. This study was observational, prospective, cross-sectional, and analytical. The sample consisted of 135 secondary school students. A survey was administered to the parents to determine the systemic fluorides the students were exposed to, and the concentration of fluoride in the students' drinking water was also evaluated. The Dean Index was used to diagnose dental fluorosis. The results showed that 50.4% of the total sample had dental fluorosis, and the fluoride concentration ranged from 0.18 mg/L to 0.20 mg/L, values within the permissible limits. It was concluded that the systemic fluorides associated with dental fluorosis were the factors most frequently influencing the consumption of toothpaste, including the age of initiation of toothpaste use, supervision of brushing, toothpaste ingestion during brushing, and outside of brushing.

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