Obstetricia

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13053/22

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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 1905-07-04) Bravo Purisaca, Yuliana Vanessa; Zambrano Pacheco, Juana Geraldine; Ayala Mendivil, Ronald Espiritu
Objective: To determine maternal and neonatal complications in active management versus expectant management of premature rupture of membranes (PROM) in pregnant women between 34 and 36 weeks of gestation at the María Auxiliadora National Hospital, from January to December 2010. Design: Descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study. Results: A total of 82.8% (82) of the patients underwent active management, while 17.2% (17) underwent expectant management. Premature placental abruption occurred in 5.1% (5) of cases: 4.9% (4) in the active management group and 5.9% (1) in the expectant management group. Chorioamnionitis occurred in 7.1% (7): 8.5% (7) in active management. Puerperal infection was found in 8.1% (8): 9.8% in active management. No cases of maternal death were recorded. Acute fetal distress was observed in 9.1% (9): 9.8% (8) in active management and 5.9% (1) in expectant management. Low birth weight was found in 42.4% (42): 43.9% (36) in active management and 35.3% in expectant management. Respiratory distress syndrome occurred in 11.1% (11): 12.2% (10) in active management and 5.9% (1) in expectant management. Neonatal asphyxia occurred in 4% (4): 4.9% (4) in active management. Neonatal infection was found in 6.1% (6): 7.3% (6) in active management. Neonatal death occurred in 1% (1): 1.2% (1) in active management. Conclusions: Active management presented more complications compared to expectant management.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-12-06) Torres Santisteban, Karla Isabel; Cárdenas Hernández, Rosario Alicia; Rodriguez Chávez, Carlos Leonidas
Objective: To describe the management of a clinical case of placental accreta in a woman with a previous cesarean section and a diagnosis of placenta previa at the National Maternal and Perinatal Institute. Materials and Methods: This is a case study chosen at the National Maternal and Perinatal Institute in Lima, May 2017. Personal, pathological, obstetric history, clinical examination, diagnoses, auxiliary tests, specialty management, and the evolution from admission through emergency to medical discharge were analyzed, considering relevant references about the clinical case. Results: A clinical case of a 42-year-old multigravida, multiparous woman at 38 weeks of gestation is presented. She was diagnosed with placental accreta with risk factors including a previous cesarean section, advanced maternal age, placenta previa, and multiparity. The patient underwent a cesarean section and suffered a massive hemorrhage of over 1500 cc due to total placenta previa adhered to the uterine segment, which required immediate total abdominal hysterectomy. A live newborn was delivered with a normal Apgar score and appropriate weight for gestational age. The patient progressed favorably postoperatively and was discharged on the fifth day of hospitalization. Conclusion: The relevant risk factors for the clinical suspicion of placental accreta that must be considered during prenatal care are mainly obstetric history, such as a previous cesarean section and a diagnosis of placenta previa.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2012) Mauricio Yanavilca, Daniela Shirley; Orderique Torres, Luis Fernando
Objective: To determine the risk factors for intrauterine fetal death at the María Auxiliadora Support Hospital from 2005 to 2010. Materials and Methods: Epidemiological, analytical, case-control study. Results: The fetal death rate per 1,000 live births during the study period was 20.7. Preconceptional variables significantly associated with statistically significant odds ratios (OR) included adolescents (6.8), elderly women (4.6), nulliparity (11.8), marital status (4.7), and illiteracy (8.76). Conceptional variables with significant ORs included lack of prenatal care (17.1), anemia (7.21), placenta previa (6.91), multiple pregnancy (6.75), heart disease (6.03), eclampsia (5.37), premature rupture of membranes (5.14), cephalopelvic disproportion (4.53), premature placental abruption (4.70), urinary tract infection (4.24), preeclampsia (4.13), prolonged labor (4.04), intrauterine growth restriction (3.36), and diabetes (2.69). Intrapartum variables with significant results included breech presentation (3.49) and prolonged labor (6.65). Conclusions: There are important preconceptional, conceptional, and intrapartum risk factors for fetal death. Reducing these factors could significantly decrease fetal mortality.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2017-11-18) Calderón Collazos, Damaris Loani; Carrillo Poma, Pamela Kasandra; Marín Guevara, Leticia Gloria
The study aimed to determine the factors influencing depression in adolescent pregnant women aged 10 to 19 years in the Gyneco-Obstetrics service at the "Hipólito Unanue" National Hospital between July and August 2017. The study was quantitative, descriptive-correlational, and cross-sectional, involving 224 adolescent pregnant women. Two surveys, "Related Factors" and Zung and Conde's Depression Self-Scale, were used. Results revealed that the average age of the participants was 17 years, with 46.4% having incomplete secondary education, 73.7% being housewives, and 63.8% living with their partners. Regarding family factors, 49.6% of the adolescents came from nuclear families, with 48.7% reporting family conflicts during pregnancy. Additionally, 22.8% experienced psychological violence. In terms of marital factors, 58.9% of the partners were older than 21 years, and 58% had conflicts with their partners during the pregnancy. Regarding depression, 85.3% of the adolescents had depression, with 46% experiencing severe depression, 26.3% moderate, and 13% mild. Statistically significant relationships were found between depression and factors such as suicidal ideation, discussions with partners, and family conflicts (p-values = 0.001, 0.002, and 0.004, respectively).
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2012) Cecilio Pachas, Sheila Cilene; Quiroz Gallo, Karen Lisset; Arispe Alburqueque, Claudia Milagros
Objective: To determine the level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS, risk factors, and preventive measures among adolescent students from two educational institutions in Lima in 2012. Materials and Methods: Observational, analytical, and comparative study. Two groups were included: Group A, with 115 students from the San José Private Educational Institution; and Group B, with 115 students from the Antenor Orrego Espinoza National Educational Institution. Inferential analysis utilized the Student's t-test for independent samples and the chi-square test for independence. Results: The level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS was moderate in both institutions, with 68.7% in the national school and 61.7% in the private school. Knowledge about risk factors was high in the national school (35.7%) and moderate in the private school (35.7%). Regarding knowledge about HIV prevention, it was moderate in the national school (53.9%) and high in the private school (60%). The overall evaluation of knowledge level, risk factors, and preventive measures regarding HIV/AIDS was moderate, with 81.7% in the national school and 71.3% in the private school. These variables showed no significant relationship (p = 0.118). Conclusions: The level of knowledge about HIV/AIDS and its risk factors is higher in the national school compared to the private school, except for the level of prevention knowledge, which is higher in the private school.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-06-25) Del Aguila Armas, Tania; Solís Chávez, Dante Stip
Objective: To determine the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding levonorgestrel in women attended at the Family Planning Clinic of the María Auxiliadora Hospital from January to March 2018. Materials and Methods: This study is observational, descriptive, cross-sectional. The study population consisted of women attended at the Family Planning Clinic, totaling 188 participants who were administered a 30-question questionnaire. Results: The average age was 25 years, 47.9% were single, 62.2% had studied up to secondary education, 70.2% were homemakers, and 85.6% were Catholic. 53% had low knowledge and 47% had high knowledge about levonorgestrel. 61% had an unfavorable attitude, 32% had a favorable attitude, and 7% were indifferent to emergency contraception. 81.4% had used the emergency pill, of which 63.8% used it after unprotected sex, 7.4% forgot to take some pills, 5.3% incorrectly used the rhythm method, and 4.8% experienced condom breakage or slippage. Conclusion: The level of knowledge about levonorgestrel in women attending the Family Planning Clinic is low. The attitude towards levonorgestrel is unfavorable in women attending the Family Planning Clinic. The majority of women have used levonorgestrel after unprotected sexual intercourse.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-07-19) Caqui Crisostomo, Mademoisselle Andrea; Rodriguez Gallegos, Luz Maria
This study aimed to determine the sociocultural factors associated with attending the Pap smear test at the Juan Pablo II Maternal and Child Center. It was a correlational cross-sectional study with a sample of 200 women aged 18 to 65. The results showed that sociodemographic factors such as age, marital status, place of birth, parity, and number of sexual partners were significant. Regarding cognitive factors, knowledge level was not associated with attending the test (p: 0.184), but family-related factors such as partner motivation and self-motivation were significant. Cultural factors, such as shame and fear of a positive result, were also significantly related. Fifty-one percent of women underwent the Pap smear every two or three years, and 30% did so annually. The study concluded that several sociocultural factors are associated with attending the Pap smear test, recommending promoting support from partners or family members in consultations, as well as enhancing self-esteem and organizing informational talks for the general public.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2017) Lumbre Tarazona, Yosali Esthefany; Rodriguez Chávez, Carlos Leonidas
Objective: To determine the adverse effects experienced by users of subdermal implants who attended the Family Planning Clinic at Hospital María Auxiliadora between June 2016 and February 2017. Materials and Methods: This descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study included 128 medical records of patients reporting adverse effects. Results: Most of the study population was aged 20–24 years, with adolescents accounting for 10.2%. The highest educational level was higher education (44.5%), and 66.4% were cohabiting, while 48.4% were homemakers. The most frequently reported adverse effects were menstrual pattern alterations (46.9%), weight changes (32.8%), and headaches (36%). Among menstrual pattern alterations, amenorrhea was the most common (25.8%). Regarding menstrual patterns over time, the highest percentages were normal cycles (17.9%) and spotting (6.3%) in the first 1–2 months; normal cycles (18.8%) and amenorrhea (9.4%) in months 3–4; and normal cycles (16.4%) and amenorrhea (12.5%) in months 5–6. Less frequent adverse effects included mood changes (8.6%), breast tension (11.7%), and pain at the insertion site (3.9%). Conclusion: The most commonly reported adverse effects were weight changes, headaches, and menstrual pattern alterations, with amenorrhea being the most prevalent.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-06-11) Ayala Achulla, Joselyn; Rodriguez Chávez, Carlos Leonidas
Objective: To determine the risk factors associated with cervical cancer in patients attending the Gynecology-Oncology outpatient clinic at María Auxiliadora Hospital from January to December 2016. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive, retrospective, observational, and cross-sectional study. A total of 175 medical records of patients diagnosed with cervical cancer were used. Results: Regarding the onset of sexual activity, 58% of the population began sexual relations between the ages of 15 and 19 years, and 58% had 2 to 3 sexual partners. In terms of parity, 46% were multiparous. Concerning contraceptive methods, 40% opted for oral contraceptives. The predominant age range was 20 to 65 years, accounting for 87%. Regarding education level, 44% of the patients had a secondary education. Conclusions: The predominant risk factors for cervical cancer were early initiation of sexual activity, the number of sexual partners, and secondary education level. The prevalence rate was 25 cases per 1000 patients attending the Gynecology-Oncology outpatient clinic at María Auxiliadora Hospital.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2017) Lumbre Tarazona, Yosali Esthefany; Mantilla Valverde, Stephanie Claudia; Rodriguez Chávez, Carlos Leonidas
Objective: To determine the adverse effects experienced by users of subdermal implants attending the Family Planning Clinic at Hospital María Auxiliadora between June 2016 and February 2017. Materials and Methods: This descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study included 128 medical records of patients reporting adverse effects. Results: Most of the study population was aged 20–24 years, with adolescents accounting for 10.2%. The highest educational level was higher education (44.5%), 66.4% were cohabiting, and 48.4% were homemakers. The most frequently reported adverse effects were menstrual pattern alterations (46.9%), weight changes (32.8%), and headaches (36%). Among menstrual pattern alterations, amenorrhea was the most common (25.8%). Regarding menstrual patterns over time, the highest percentages were normal cycles (17.9%) and spotting (6.3%) in months 1–2; normal cycles (18.8%) and amenorrhea (9.4%) in months 3–4; and normal cycles (16.4%) and amenorrhea (12.5%) in months 5–6. Less frequent adverse effects included mood changes (8.6%), breast tension (11.7%), and pain at the insertion site (3.9%). Conclusion: The most commonly reported adverse effects were weight changes, headaches, and menstrual pattern alterations, with amenorrhea being the most prevalent.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2017) Matias Lope, Giovana Olinda; Campos Pizango, Maria Rosa; Salcedo Suárez, Katty Leticia
A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional observational study was conducted. Study population: Women of reproductive age who attended the Gynecology and Obstetrics outpatient clinics at Hospital San José del Callao. Instrument: A questionnaire validated by expert judgment. Results: The average age was 32 years; 55% of the women had completed secondary education, 43% were cohabiting, and 51% were homemakers. Among the participants, 67.8% knew the sample is taken from the cervix, 82.6% were aware that a Pap smear is important for detecting cervical cancer, and 80.7% knew they should undergo the test after starting sexual activity. Additionally, 65.3% knew the requirements for the Pap smear, 86% were aware the test should be conducted annually, and 84% agreed it should be performed after initiating sexual activity. Furthermore, 45.9% preferred the test to be conducted by a female healthcare provider, 69.2% wanted to know how the test is performed, and 90% agreed to undergo the test again in the future.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2017) Díaz Silva, Lethy; Salcedo Suárez, Katty Leticia
Objective: To determine the maternal, obstetric, and neonatal characteristics in postpartum women with perineal tear treated at the Hipólito Unanue National Hospital in 2016. Materials and Methods: This study is descriptive, retrospective, and cross-sectional. The sample consisted of 144 medical records that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria, with a diagnosis of perineal tear during 2016. Results: Among the maternal characteristics, the highest percentage of perineal tears occurred in the 20-34 age group (56.25%), with 82.64% having secondary education and 89.58% being cohabiting. Also, 52.78% of the women with mild anemia had perineal tears. As for obstetric characteristics, 63.49% were multiparous, 56.25% had an expulsive period of ≤10 minutes, and 70.83% of those who did not attend psychoprophylaxis sessions had perineal tears. Regarding neonatal factors, no significant differences were found in head circumference and sex of the newborn. In terms of weight, the highest percentage of perineal tears occurred in newborns weighing 3500-4000 grams (58.33%). The most frequent degree of tears was first-degree, with 79.17%. Conclusions: Regarding maternal characteristics, the highest frequency of perineal tears was observed in women aged 20-34 years, those with secondary education, and cohabiting women. Patients with anemia had a higher percentage of perineal tears. Among obstetric characteristics, multiparous women, those with an expulsive period ≤10 minutes, and women unprepared for obstetric psychoprophylaxis had a higher frequency of perineal tears. Concerning neonatal characteristics, the highest frequency of perineal tears occurred in newborns weighing 3500-4000 grams during childbirth at the Hipólito Unanue National Hospital. No significant differences were found in head circumference or sex of the newborn. Lastly, first-degree tears were the most frequent at the Hipólito Unanue National Hospital in 2016.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2017) Sánchez Lujan, Marita Masiel; Yataco Montoya, Bettsy María; Ayala Peralta, Félix Dasio
This research aimed to identify maternal and perinatal complications during vaginal delivery of macrosomic newborns at the Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal between January and December 2016. Methodology: An observational, descriptive, and retrospective study was conducted by reviewing 139 maternal discharge records. Results: The average maternal age was 34.8 ± 3.4 years. Sociodemographic characteristics: 79.1% were cohabiting, 67.6% had completed secondary education, 81.2% were housewives, and 97.1% belonged to a middle socioeconomic status. Obstetric variables: Prenatal care was deficient in 43.1% of cases, and 24.5% received no prenatal care. Pre-gestational BMI indicated 47.5% of women were overweight, and 11.5% had a gestational age over 42 weeks. Multiparity was observed in 79.1% of cases, with fetal macrosomia and maternal obesity as the predominant risk factors. Regarding newborns, 64% were male and 36% female. Most newborns had a moderate Apgar score at one minute (76.3%) and a normal score at five minutes (61.9%). Maternal complications: The most common were postpartum hemorrhage (56.8%), dysfunctional labor (55.4%), and soft tissue tears (54.7%). Perinatal complications: The most frequent were moderate depression at birth (33.1%), acute fetal distress (30.22%), shoulder dystocia (25.9%), and other complications (10.8%).
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-05-07) Espejo Gonzales, Karla Lisbeth; Hernández Valdivia, Elizabeth Mercedes
Objective: To identify knowledge and myths about exclusive breastfeeding among postpartum adolescent mothers in the puerperium service at María Auxiliadora Hospital during the period of July-September 2017. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, and prospective study was conducted with 250 adolescent mothers in the puerperium service at María Auxiliadora Hospital. A questionnaire consisting of 32 questions was applied. Absolute and relative frequencies of the study’s qualitative variables and measures of central tendency for quantitative variables were calculated. Results: 68.8% of the adolescents were aged between 17 and 19 years. 60.4% were cohabiting, followed by 30.8% who were single. 39.6% had incomplete secondary education, while 34% had completed this level. 56.4% were engaged in household chores. 49.6% had a good level of knowledge, 32% had a regular level, and 18.4% had a poor level. Regarding myths, 77.6% of the adolescent mothers believed that nipple shape and breast size are important for breastfeeding; 73.2% thought that drinking a lot of milk increases breast milk production; and 70% believed that breastfeeding causes pain, among other myths described in the study. Conclusions: This study identified the level of knowledge and myths about breastfeeding among adolescent mothers. These results reflect the current reality as a society and as healthcare professionals, prompting measures to promote and support breastfeeding for the well-being of children and society.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2017) Campos Pizango, Maria Rosa; Matias Lope, Giovana Olinda; Salcedo Suárez, Katty Leticia
A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional observational study was conducted. Study population: Women of reproductive age who attended the Gynecology and Obstetrics outpatient clinics at Hospital San José del Callao. Instrument: A questionnaire validated by expert judgment. Results: The average age was 32 years; 55% of the women had completed secondary education, 43% were cohabiting, and 51% were homemakers. Among the participants, 67.8% knew the sample is taken from the cervix, 82.6% were aware that a Pap smear is important for detecting cervical cancer, and 80.7% knew they should undergo the test after starting sexual activity. Additionally, 65.3% knew the requirements for the Pap smear, 86% were aware the test should be conducted annually, and 84% agreed it should be performed after initiating sexual activity. Furthermore, 45.9% preferred the test to be conducted by a female healthcare provider, 69.2% wanted to know how the test is performed, and 90% agreed to undergo the test again in the future.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2017) Breña Malvaceda, Indira Carolina; Mañuico Vivanco, Norma Gladis; Ayala Peralta, Félix Dasio
Preeclampsia is a syndrome characterized by hypertension and proteinuria, leading to severe complications with high maternal and fetal mortality rates, and an incidence of 5% to 10%. Risk factors associated with preeclampsia include nulliparity, preexisting medical conditions (such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and antiphospholipid syndrome), advanced maternal age, and obesity. These factors contribute to prematurity, intrauterine growth restriction, and low birth weight. Management of preeclampsia involves completing the pregnancy, depending on maternal-fetal status and the conditions of the birth canal. Fetal cardiotocographic monitoring is now considered a part of management. Case report: A 46-year-old multiparous pregnant woman at 32 weeks of gestation was diagnosed with preeclampsia. Risk factors included advanced maternal age and multiparity. Antepartum fetal monitoring, including Doppler ultrasonography and the non-stress test, alongside obstetric clinical evaluation, enabled timely decision-making for cesarean delivery. The outcome was a live newborn with a normal Apgar score and low birth weight.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-03-08) Dávila Dávila, Priscilla; Rojas Jauregui, Joselyn Rosario; Arbildo Rodriguez, Claudia Carola
Objective: To determine the level of knowledge about contraception associated with male participation in the selection of contraceptive methods at the Santa Anita Maternal and Child Center, 2017. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study. The population consisted of young and adult men aged 19 to 59 years, attended at the Santa Anita Maternal and Child Center between June and July 2017. The technique used was interviews, with prior verbal informed consent, and the instrument was a structured and validated questionnaire exclusively for the study. Results: The study population was aged 20 to 24 years, 30.6% had completed secondary education, and the most frequent occupation was students (23.5%). The level of knowledge about contraceptive methods among men was regular (47.3%), good (46.6%), and only 6.1% had poor knowledge. Partial participation in the choice of contraceptive methods was 65%, with less than 2% reporting no participation. Complete participation was 68.2% in the group with regular and good knowledge (38.5% and 29.7%, respectively). However, in the group with poor knowledge, the frequency of complete participation was significantly lower (31.8%). Conclusions: The frequency of male participation was notably higher in the group with regular to good knowledge, favoring an association between knowledge level and male participation.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2017) Quilca Pinedo, Noemi Amanda; Moreno Martínez, Gabriela Luz; Ayala Peralta, Félix Dasio
Objective: To determine the factors associated with sexual dysfunction during pregnancy in pregnant women attending the maternal and child health center in Santa Anita, from January to October 2016. Materials and Methods: An observational, descriptive, analytical, and cross-sectional study of 201 pregnant women was conducted using the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Chi-square tests were employed for statistical analysis. Results: The average age of the pregnant women was 26.2 ± 4.3 years, with 94.5% falling within the 19-34 age range. The predominant sociodemographic characteristics were cohabiting women (64.2%) and those with a secondary education level (46.8%). Sexual dysfunction was found in 42.8% of the studied pregnant women. The associated factors that influenced sexual dysfunction were: gestational age (p<0.001), unplanned pregnancy (p<0.001), and urinary tract infection (p<0.001). Urinary tract infection was 5.7 times more prevalent in women with sexual dysfunction compared to those without it. Sexual dysfunction was 13.5 times more prevalent in the third trimester of pregnancy compared to those without sexual dysfunction. The prevalence of sexual dysfunction was higher in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy; however, sexuality improved in the second trimester. Pregnant women who planned their pregnancies had higher ratings in the satisfaction domain, while those who did not plan had higher ratings in lubrication and satisfaction. The presence of a urinary tract infection significantly worsened sexual function, affecting all domains. Conclusions: The findings suggest that factors such as urinary tract infection and unplanned pregnancy influence sexual dysfunction during pregnancy, with higher prevalence during the first and third trimesters.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2017) Fernandez Polin, Martina; Cárdenas Reynoso, Aida; Orderique Torres, Luis Fernando
Objective: To analyze the morbidity and mortality in patients with HELLP syndrome treated at the Gynecology and Obstetrics Department of Hospital María Auxiliadora, July–December 2015. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 31 medical records of patients diagnosed with HELLP syndrome meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were reviewed. Data were collected using a validated data collection form, representing 100% of the medical records of patients diagnosed with HELLP syndrome. Results: Among the 31 patients studied, 64.5% were aged between 20 and 34 years, 64.5% had completed secondary education, and 74.2% were cohabiting. HELLP syndrome was associated with a high maternal morbidity rate (96.8%), with anemia being the most common complication (64.5%), followed by placental abruption (19.4%), ascites, and adult respiratory distress syndrome, both at 16.1%. One case of maternal death was recorded. Conclusions: HELLP syndrome is associated with a high rate of maternal morbidity, primarily related to anemia and placental abruption, while maternal mortality remains relatively low.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2017) Mañuico Vivanco, Norma Gladis; Breña Malvaceda, Indira Carolina; Ayala Peralta, Félix Dasio
Preeclampsia is a syndrome characterized by hypertension and proteinuria, leading to severe complications with high maternal and fetal mortality rates, and an incidence of 5% to 10%. Risk factors associated with preeclampsia include nulliparity, preexisting medical conditions (such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and antiphospholipid syndrome), advanced maternal age, and obesity. These factors contribute to prematurity, intrauterine growth restriction, and low birth weight. Management of preeclampsia involves completing the pregnancy, depending on maternal-fetal status and birth canal conditions. Fetal cardiotocographic monitoring is now considered a part of management. Case report: A 46-year-old multiparous pregnant woman at 32 weeks of gestation was diagnosed with preeclampsia. Risk factors included advanced maternal age and multiparity. Antepartum fetal monitoring, including Doppler ultrasonography and the non-stress test, alongside obstetric clinical evaluation, facilitated timely decision-making for cesarean delivery. The outcome was a live newborn with a normal Apgar score and low birth weight.

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Examinando Obstetricia por Línea de Investigación "Salud, enfermedad y ambiente"