Obstetricia

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13053/22

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Mostrando 1 - 20 de 97

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Acceptance and results of the Sars-Cov-2 vaccine during pregnancy and breastfeeding
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2022-02-07) Parvina Hernandez, Pamela Yoselin; Morales Alvarado, Sabrina Ynés
Objective: To determine the scientific evidence regarding the acceptance and outcomes of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Materials and Methods: A qualitative bibliographic review was conducted. Information was retrieved from various databases, including Google Scholar, Lilacs, PubMed, Elsevier, Cochrane, Scielo, ScienceDirect, and Microsoft Academic. The study included 42 articles that met the inclusion criteria for the 2021 study period. The Grade system was used to evaluate the quality of each article. Results: There was positive acceptance of the vaccine by pregnant and breastfeeding women. The vaccine demonstrated high effectiveness without complications in pregnant and breastfeeding women. Post-vaccination clinical reactions included common symptoms such as injection site pain, headache, general weakness, and myalgia. Neutralizing antibodies were detected in maternal serum, with placental transfer to the umbilical cord. Additionally, neutralizing and specific antibodies were found in breast milk, providing immune transfer to the infants. Conclusion: The vaccine should be used during pregnancy with complete safety as it provides an immunological response for both the mother and baby. Similarly, during breastfeeding, antibodies were present in breast milk, offering potential protection to the baby.
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Acute puerperal uterine inversion as a cause of postpartum hemorrhage treated at the Huaral Hospital
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2024-05-03) Poicon Machcco, Sheyla Lesli; Ayala Peralta, Félix Dasio
A clinical case of acute postpartum uterine inversion as the cause of postpartum hemorrhage treated at the Huaral Hospital. This is an observational, descriptive, retrospective study of a clinical history review of a pregnant woman whose delivery was complicated by acute uterine inversion, leading to postpartum hemorrhage. The patient was a second-time pregnant woman at 37 weeks, with a diagnosis of premature rupture of membranes and a history of preterm delivery three years prior, resulting in fetal death at 27 weeks. In the current pregnancy, she had a vaginal delivery, with a male newborn, Apgar score of 8 at one minute and 9 at five minutes, weighing 2980 grams, and clear amniotic fluid. During the delivery of the placenta, resistance was noted, and controlled suprapubic pressure and traction of the umbilical cord were applied. Uterine inversion occurred, leading to massive hemorrhage and hypovolemic shock. Immediate attempts at uterine repositioning were unsuccessful, and because of strongly adhered placental remnants, an exploratory laparotomy was performed to restore the uterus, and Landaure sutures were applied. The patient’s condition worsened, and a total hysterectomy with right oophorectomy was performed. In the intensive care unit, disseminated intravascular coagulation and renal failure were detected, leading to her referral to a third-level hospital.
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Adolescent pregnancy and its relationship with low knowledge of contraceptive methods
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2022-02-10) Palomino Diaz, Leydy Fanny; Marín Guevara, Leticia Gloria
The objective of this research was to determine the scientific evidence from observational studies related to adolescent pregnancies and their relationship with low knowledge of contraceptive methods. This study is a quantitative publication review. Observational studies, descriptive, systematic reviews, quasi-experimental, cross-sectional, ecological, case-control, and retrospective studies were selected, found in the PubMed, REDIB, Lilacs, Dialnet, and Google Scholar databases from 2015 to 2021. A total of 30 scientific articles were considered for this study. According to the findings from the reviewed articles, low knowledge about contraceptive methods is related to adolescent pregnancies, as lacking knowledge about contraceptive methods increases the probability of experiencing a pregnancy by 75%. Furthermore, sexual education is an effective strategy to decrease the adolescent pregnancy rate. Low knowledge of contraceptive methods is related to adolescent pregnancies.
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Advanced maternal age and complications maternal - fetal: Narrative Review. 2021
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2022-08-04) Huamán Mancco, Milagros Karina; Alfaro Fernández, Paul Rubén
Objective: To describe the scientific evidence published regarding the relationship between maternal and fetal complications in advanced maternal age pregnancies. Materials and methods: Narrative review characterized as qualitative. The population consisted of 300 articles found online on maternal-fetal complications related to advanced maternal age during pregnancy, of which 270 studies were excluded, and 30 studies provided relevant information. The study utilized scientific article search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Alicia Concytec, and the virtual library linked to Norbert Wiener Private University with access to ScienceDirect and Scielo. Results: Maternal complications present in women of advanced age include hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, premature rupture of membranes, anemia, urinary tract infections, cesarean deliveries, abortions, and postpartum hemorrhage. Regarding fetal complications found in the present study, newborns showed prematurity, low birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction, fetal death, macrosomia, Apgar score below 7, and birth trauma such as caput succedaneum. Conclusion: There is evidence in the scientific literature regarding advanced maternal age and maternal-fetal complications.
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Anemia associated with maternal complications during labor and in the newborn in users treated at the Santa Rosa hospital. January – December. 2019-2020
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2022-01-18) Valencia Motta, Diana Milagros; Salcedo Suárez, Katty Leticia
Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre anemia y complicaciones maternas durante el parto y complicaciones neonatales en pacientes atendidas en el Hospital Santa Rosa durante 2019-2020. Materiales y métodos: El estudio es observacional, caso-control, analítico, retrospectivo y transversal. Resultados: En cuanto a las características sociodemográficas, hubo diferencia significativa en la edad materna entre el grupo de casos y controles durante 2019-2020 (p=0,0035). En cuanto a las características reproductivas, la paridad en las gestantes con anemia fue relevante durante el periodo 2019-2020 (p=0,026). No se encontraron diferencias significativas en el nivel de anemia. Entre las complicaciones maternas, la más asociada a anemia fue la ruptura prematura de membranas (p=0,001, OR: 5,44), y entre las complicaciones neonatales, el bajo peso al nacer fue la más asociada a anemia (p=0,007, OR: 18,328). Conclusión: Existe una asociación entre anemia y complicaciones maternas durante el parto y complicaciones neonatales. Las asociaciones más notables fueron la ruptura prematura de membranas en las embarazadas y el bajo peso al nacer en los recién nacidos.
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Breast Cancer in Times of Pandemic
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2022-10-06) Gamboa Rodrigo, Gaby; Caldas Herrera, Maria Evelina
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a global and national delay in the management and care of breast cancer, due to the collapse of health systems, difficulty accessing in-person medical consultations, delays in medical treatments, and patients' fear of contracting the virus in healthcare facilities.
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Breastfeeding in primiparous women bibliographic review
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2022-06-16) La Torre Chalco, Catherine Cristina; Salcedo Suárez, Katty Leticia
Objective: To describe the scientific evidence on exclusive breastfeeding in primiparas. Materials and methods: The methodology used in this study is a bibliographic review. The sample consisted of 31 articles published in the following virtual libraries: Scielo, Lilacs, and Sciencedirect. Results: 65% of the reviewed studies used a descriptive methodology, 29% used an analytical methodology, and 19% used a review methodology. The negative impact of exclusive breastfeeding in primiparas included respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, while the positive impact favored optimal growth in children. The existence of beliefs about exclusive breastfeeding in primiparas included the consumption of unhealthy foods for proper milk production, and the practice of exclusive breastfeeding in primiparas was adequate. Conclusions: There is scientific evidence on the consequences, beliefs, and practices of exclusive breastfeeding in primiparas.
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Cardiotocographic findings in a non-reassuring fetal state. Hospital Aplao Arequipa, 2019
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2022-11-10) Cerna Pérez, Dilcia; Ayala Peralta, Félix Dasio
A 36-year-old multigravida presented to the emergency department asymptomatic, with a 42-week pregnancy based on the last menstrual period and no signs of labor. She was hospitalized, and labor induction was initiated, with an initial Non-Stress Test (NST) of 9/10. After one day of induction with stationary progression and a Stress Test (ST) resulting in 4/10, which was diagnosed as a non-reassuring fetal status, an emergency cesarean section was performed. A newborn with an APGAR score of 6 at one minute and 8 at five minutes was delivered. Gestational age according to Capurro was 41 weeks, with the presence of meconium-stained amniotic fluid. The postoperative evolution was favorable.
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Causes and obstetric complications related to postpartum hemorrhage
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2022-01-10) Neira Carrión, Carmen Flor; Benites Vidal, Elvira Soledad
Objective: To determine the causes and obstetric complications related to postpartum hemorrhage. Design: A qualitative bibliographic review. Study scope: Conducted through an exhaustive review of scientific studies published in various databases, including indexed journals. Study subjects: Thirty-one articles published between 2016 and 2020 were considered, meeting the eligibility criteria. Results: 39% of the reviewed studies employed a descriptive methodology, 26% were systematic reviews, 13% used an analytical methodology, 13% were cohort studies, and 9% were case-control studies. The most frequent obstetric cause during pregnancy in patients with postpartum hemorrhage was multiple gestation (29%), during delivery was perineal tear (47%), during the puerperium was uterine atony (62%), and the complication of postpartum hemorrhage was maternal mortality (13%). Conclusions: The study concludes that there is scientific evidence regarding the causes and obstetric complications related to postpartum hemorrhage.
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Characteristics of postpartum haemorrage in Perú according to the evidence
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-08-28) Herrera Zelada, Liliana Yesenia; Caldas Herrera, Maria Evelina
Objective: Determine the scientific evidence on the characteristics of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) in Peru. Material and Methods: A qualitative narrative review was conducted, including articles published in indexed journals such as Redalyc, Scielo, and Elsevier. A total of 22 articles met the rigor criteria. Results: According to clinical evidence, 41% of women over 35 years old developed PPH, while 55% of those with fewer than six prenatal checkups also experienced PPH. The main pathological conditions associated with PPH were uterine atony (12%), retained membranes (8%), cervical laceration (4%), coagulation disorders (5%), history of PPH (7%), anemia (11%), uterine rupture (2%), and preeclampsia (3%). Conclusions: Scientific evidence indicates clinical and pathological characteristics that contribute to the development of postpartum hemorrhage.
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Clinical characteristics and factors associated with breast cancer
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2019-02-23) Quiroz Salvador, María De Los Ángeles; Caldas Herrera, Maria Evelina
In the study, 31% of the reviewed articles used a cohort methodology. Regarding the clinical characteristics of women with breast cancer according to the studies: 27% reported severe pain, 21% mentioned redness, 16% indicated foul-smelling discharge, 11% reported nipple retraction, 7% found reduced sexual activity, 5% reported reduced physical activity, 5% mentioned fatigue, 2% mentioned reduced pleasure, 2% reported hair loss, 2% mentioned insomnia, and 2% reported increased nipple thickness. The associated factors according to the studies were: age over 35 years, harmful habits (alcohol and tobacco consumption), environmental radiation, secondary education level, body mass index greater than 30 kg/m², nulliparity, hormonal treatment, lack of interest in the disease, and lack of medical attention.
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Clinical characteristics and risk factors in pregnant women with gestational diabetes
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2019-06-24) Urbizagastegui Valenzuela, Salome Ibanka; García Puicón, Lady Yanina
The present study is of great importance because gestational diabetes currently constitutes one of the metabolic alterations that occurs most frequently in pregnancy and it is important to know the clinical characteristics of this disease as well as the factors that predispose them. In this way, this pathology can be addressed from a preventive approach in primary care and treatment by a doctor specializing in endocrinology, all with the aim of reducing morbidity and mortality due to gestational diabetes.
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Clinical features and complications perinatal care of pregnant women with a diagnosis of preeclampsia
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2022-08-26) Gonzales Gamarra, Geraldine Vicentina; Sanz Ramirez, Ana María
The study was a qualitative literature review. The population consisted of 91 articles published in the following virtual databases: Scielo, Lilacs, Journal, and Elsevier, with a sample of 33 articles. The technique used was documentary analysis. The most frequent clinical signs reported in the various studies were headache (16%), edema (13%), tinnitus (13%), blurred vision (13%), and epigastralgia (6%). Regarding perinatal complications, 35% of the studies reported prematurity, 18% low birth weight, 13% intrauterine growth retardation, and 13% fetal death. Other complications included NICU admission (9%), oligohydramnios (4%), and heart defects (4%). There is scientific evidence demonstrating the clinical characteristics and perinatal complications of pregnant women diagnosed with preeclampsia.
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Complications maternal-perinatal in anemic pregnant women
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-10-03) Basgualdo Cardenas, Kely Maximiliana; Reyes Serrano, Bertha Nathaly
Objective: To determine maternal and perinatal complications in anemic pregnant women. Study: The study was a systematic qualitative review. Study Scope: This study was carried out through an extensive review of scientific studies published in various online databases. Study Subjects: The sample consisted of 26 articles published in indexed journals between 2019 and 2022. Results: 15 of the 26 selected articles demonstrated high quality according to the GRADE system. The two complications that received the most attention in the articles, each with 40%, were obstetric hemorrhages and preterm births, followed by hypertensive disorders and low birth weight, each with a rate of 33.33%. APGAR <7 had a significance rate of 13.33%, and intrauterine growth restriction had a rate of 6.67%. These risks increase with anemia during pregnancy. Conclusion: It was observed that gestational anemia and maternal-perinatal complications are related in 93.33% of cases.
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Degree of knowledge and practices on biosafety measures in the Obstetrics staff of different health establishments MINSA, 2020.
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2022-02-11) Cadillo Figueroa, Mery Luz; Fernández Ledesma, Scarlett Estela
Objective: To determine the relationship between the degree of knowledge and practices regarding biosafety measures among obstetrics personnel in various MINSA health establishments, 2020. Materials and methods: A qualitative study with an observational and retrospective design using secondary data. A search was conducted in databases such as Scielo, Redalyc, Ocronos, PubMed, Tesis en Red, and Google Scholar. The sample consisted of 20 articles that met the inclusion criteria from 2016 to 2021. Results: Of the 20 scientific articles analyzed, 100% addressed the degree of knowledge and practices related to biosafety measures, 90% (18) focused on knowledge and practice of handwashing, 85% (17) discussed knowledge and practice regarding the use of protective barriers, and 80% (16) identified knowledge and practice related to the proper disposal of contaminated materials by healthcare personnel. Conclusions: The reviewed research showed that healthcare personnel have a high degree of conceptual knowledge, but their practical application of biosafety measures is at a low level.
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Determine the perception about vasectomy in men and women who attend the gyneprev preventive gynecological center, 2022
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-06-13) Cama Gupioc, Delfina; Alfaro Fernández, Paul Rubén
The predominant gender is the female sex with 59.5% as opposed to the male sex with 40.5%. Vasectomy is a safe family planning contraceptive procedure; The population indicates that they totally agree with 51.9%, the female population with 31.6% and the male population with 20.3%; It is also indicated that the population agrees with 29.5%, and there is another percentage that is undecided with 10.1%. Vasectomy causes the man to lose his sexual capacity; The female population concludes that they disagree with 21.9%; while the male population indicates that they are undecided with 15.6%. In cases of significant obstetric risk, in which the woman cannot undergo tubal ligation, the man should have a vasectomy. The female population concludes that they totally agree with 19.4% and the male population with 14.3% indicates that they are undecided.
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Early pregnancy and the level of knowledge about contraceptive methods
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2022-02-03) Vera Aylas, Erica Jasmín; Reyes Serrano, Bertha Nathaly
Objective: To analyze the scientific studies related to early pregnancy and the level of knowledge about contraceptive methods in adolescents over the last 6 years. Materials and methods: A systematic observational and retrospective review was conducted on 55 national and international articles and scientific studies in all languages on the subject. The sample consisted of 37 articles that met the inclusion criteria, and the GRADE method was employed. Specialized search engines such as PubMed, Scielo, Google Scholar, Dialnet, Cochrane, Science Direct, and Alicia Concytec were used. Results: 27% (10) of the articles addressed the causes of early pregnancy, 27% (10) discussed the consequences of early pregnancy, 27% (10) focused on the level of knowledge regarding adolescents' attitudes toward contraceptive methods, and 19% (7) discussed the level of knowledge regarding the use of contraceptive methods in adolescents. Conclusions: In the variable causes of early pregnancy, the main factors were sociodemographic and economic factors, as well as access to healthcare services. The main consequences were school dropout and maternal-neonatal complications. In terms of knowledge, it was identified that older adolescents had greater knowledge and better attitudes toward contraceptive methods. Condoms were the most known and/or used method by adolescents.
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Effect of Covid-19 on sexual and reproductive health in the years 2020 - 2021
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2022-02-08) Carrillo Ortiz, Stephany Mirella; Benites Vidal, Elvira Soledad
Objective: To analyze the effect of COVID-19 on Sexual and Reproductive Health during the years 2020-2021. Design: This study is secondary research, a review of publications. The research design is non-experimental, cross-sectional. Study area: The study was carried out through a systematic literature review on the internet, including original articles from databases such as Google Scholar, Worldwidescience, Scielo, Pubmed, and Elsevier. Study subjects: Thirty articles related to the effect of COVID-19 on Sexual and Reproductive Health were considered, which met the eligibility criteria within the study period from 2020 to 2021. Instrumentation: The Grade system was used in the study, which allowed us to evaluate the quality of each article. Results: COVID-19 affected accessibility to Sexual and Reproductive Health services, with 11% showing increases in unplanned pregnancies, 6% showing a reduction in coverage and quality of services for adolescents and women, 11% showing an increase in abortions, 6% showing an impact on family planning services, 22% showing a reduction in cases of STIs, 22% showing a reduction in prenatal care, 91% of articles showing a sharp increase in maternal deaths, and 100% of the studies showing an increase in violence. Conclusion: This study concludes that there is scientific evidence of the effect of COVID-19 on Sexual and Reproductive Health during the years 2020-2021.
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Effect of Educational Interventions on the prevention of Pregnancy in Adolescents
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-04-12) Vasquez Díaz, Luz Carito; Sanz Ramirez, Ana María
Educational interventions in adolescents have a positive effect in both the face-to-face and virtual modality, which is usually a medium in which they are familiar. These interventions must occur before the adolescent begins.
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Factors associated with abandonment of contraceptives hormones in puerpera between 2017 – 2022
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2017-12-11) Armacanqui Candela, Janeth Margarita; Arone Palomino, Susana Filomena
The research aimed to identify the factors associated with the discontinuation of hormonal contraceptives in postpartum women between 2017 and 2022. The methodology developed was a qualitative, narrative systematic review. It was conducted through a collection of scientific publications from databases such as Google Scholar, Scielo, PubMed, Redalyc, and Elsevier. A total of 30 publications were selected as scientific evidence, where the associated factors (sociodemographic, clinical, gynecological-obstetric, and institutional) were the independent variable, and the discontinuation of hormonal contraceptives was the dependent variable. According to the 30 reviewed scientific publications, the factors associated with contraceptive discontinuation in postpartum women were: sociodemographic factors (36.6%), such as partner pressure, desire for pregnancy, and low education level; clinical factors (30%), such as bleeding, headaches, and weight gain; gynecological-obstetric factors (23.4%), such as primiparity and lack of counseling; and institutional factors (10%), such as dissatisfaction with the service and poor knowledge level among postpartum women. In summary, 100% of the reviewed scientific publications identified the existence of factors associated with the discontinuation of hormonal contraceptives in postpartum women between 2017 and 2022.

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Examinando Obstetricia por Línea de Investigación "Salud y Bienestar"