Doctorado en Salud

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13053/691

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Adolescencia, prematuridad y peso al nacer asociado a la mortalidad neonatal en el Hospital María Auxiliadora Lima-Perú, 2018-2019
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2021-12-02) Bobadilla Minaya, David Elias; Arispe Alburqueque, Claudia Milagros
This research aimed to determine the association between adolescence, prematurity, and birth weight with neonatal mortality at the Maria Auxiliadora Hospital, between the years 2018 and 2019. The method is hypothetical deductive with a quantitative approach, applied of Cases and Controls design, the sample was 98 cases and 98 controls, paired 1:1, random sampling, the multivariate logistic regression analysis and the Chi2 test were performed for the hypothesis testing. The results obtained from the multivariate analysis statistical test p= 0, 02 for prematurity, p= 0,000 for low birth weight, p= 0,000, for adolescence, all the values of p <0,05 which there is an association with neonatal mortality; being explanatory, it allows predicting the probability of risk of neonatal death occurring when the mother is a teenager, premature and newborn with extremely low weight, being the risk impact of 96%, otherwise, if the mother is an adult and is pregnant at term and with a live birth with normal weight, the risk impact is only 9%; neonatal death are 35% with extremely low weight, 73% are premature and 62% occur in teenage mothers. As a conclusion, maternal and neonatal risk factors are associated with neonatal mortality and a higher frequency of deaths occur within the first 7 days and with extremely low birth weight.
Acceso abierto
Alteraciones dentales de número, ubicación y localización en el maxilar. Estudio radiográfico en la población peruana. 2011-2020
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2021-11-23) Diaz del Olmo Morey, Carlos Enrique; Benites Castillo, Santiago Moises
Objective: To determine the relationship that exists between dental anomalies of number with the location in the oral cavity and the location in the jaws. Radiographic study in the Peruvian population. 2011-2020. Method: Quantitative approach, nonexperimental design applied type and correlation level in a universe of 8,000 panoramic radiographs of Peruvian patients of both sexes between 6 and 12 years old from the city of Lima, Peru. The sample was estimated with a precision of 3%, an expected proportion of 10% and a confidence level of 99%, obtaining 614 radiographic images selected by the simple random method. Results: Number abnormalities in 13,5% of cases with 7,3% agenesis and 6,2% supernumerary, 11,8% occurred in women and 15,7% in men, 8,6% and 4,4% in the upper and lower jaw respectively (p = 0,000). 51,1% of agenesis were in the lower jaw and 44,4% in the upper one. 86,8% of supernumeraries were in the upper jaw and 10,5% in the lower jaw, finding a statistically significant difference (p = 0,000). Conclusions: The frequency of anomalies is within that reported in the literature. Mostly located in the upper jaw with a statistically significant difference between both jaws. Agenesis did not show a statistical relationship with location and localization, unlike supernumerary teeth, which did show a statistically significant relationship with these variables.
Acceso abierto
Conocimientos y práctica sobre el aspirado de secreciones por las enfermeras y prevención de infecciones intrahospitalarias en pacientes intubados en las unidades de cuidados intensivos del hospital Nacional Arzobispo Loayza
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-05-17) Orihuela Manrique, Marleni Esther; Puente Saldaña, Rosa Ernestina
The process of caring and the process of administration can be considered as the main dimensions of the work of the nurse in his day to day. Caring is characterized by observation, data collection, planning, implementation, evolution, evaluation and interaction between patients and nursing workers and among various health professionals. On the other hand, the management process has as an approach to organize assistance and provide the qualification of nursing personnel through continuing education, appropriating for this, the models and methods of administration, the work force of nursing and of permanent equipment and materials. (Willing, 2002) The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the level of knowledge and practice on the aspiration of secretions by nurses and their relationship with the prevention of intrahospital infections in patients intubated in the intensive care unit of the National Hospital Arzobispo Loayza. Lima Peru. We worked with a sample of 30 of a population of 50 nurses who work in the Intensive Care Unit of the National Hospital Arzobispo Loayza. It is an applied type research of non-experimental design. For the data collection, observation and interview were used and as instruments the observation guide and the questionnaire. The results obtained show that the level of knowledge and practice regarding the aspiration of secretions by nurses is directly related to the prevention of intrahospital infections in patients intubated in the intensive care unit of the National Hospital Arzobispo Loayza. Lima Peru.
Acceso abierto
Efectividad del programa de odontología social en el conocimiento de salud bucal de profesores, cuidadores y el estado de salud bucal de niños en tres colegios del distrito de Ventanilla durante el periodo marzo - mayo 2017
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2017-12-18) Pariajulca Fernández, Israel Robert; Aguirre Morales, Anita Kori
The objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of the social dentistry program (POS) in the oral health knowledge of teachers, caregivers and the oral health status of children in three schools of the Ventanilla district during the period March - May 2017. The type of research was experimental. The sample consisted of 46 teachers, 93 caregivers and 93 children in three schools in the Ventanilla district. The results reported that there is a difference between the mean of the knowledge score before and after applying the POS, P <0.05. That is to say, in the experimental group after the POS the professors developed significant advances in oral health knowledge. Likewise, differences were found between the mean of the knowledge score before and after applying the POS, P <0.05 that is, in the experimental group after the POS in caregivers developed significant advances in oral health knowledge. The results also reported that there is a difference between the mean of the score and knowledge before and after applying the POS, according to the value obtained from the statistic (p <0.05). That is, in the experimental group after POS in children developed significant advances in oral health knowledge. A difference was found between the mean of the IHOS score before and after applying the POS, (p <0.05). That is to say, in the experimental group after the POS in caregivers it was evidenced that significant advances were developed in the IHOS. It was found that oral health knowledge in caregivers, teachers and children of the experimental group is greater than oral health knowledge in the group (p <0.05), as well as the IHO of the experimental group in children in relation to the group. control. From the results shown, the general hypothesis was confirmed, that is, the POS is effective in relation to achieving significant improvements in the knowledge of oral health of teachers, caregivers and in the state of Oral Health in children in three schools in the district of Ventanilla.
Acceso abierto
Efecto inhibidor de las concentraciones mínimas del aceite esencial de muña y orégano en comparación con sustancias antimicrobianas usadas en la terapia pulpar frente a cepas de enterococcus faecalis. Estudio in vitro. Lima 2014
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2017-02-28) Malpartida Quispe, Federico Martin; Aguirre Morales, Anita Kori
The aim of this study was to determine the inhibitory effect of minimum concentrations of essential oil of Minthostachys mollis (muña) and Origanum vulgare (orégano) comparing them with antimicrobial substances used in pulp therapy against strains of Enterococcus faecalis. For this purpose, the E. faecalis (ATCC 29212) strains were reactivated and used in the two stages of the study.1. Determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of both essential oils. 2. Determination of the inhibitory effect of these essential oils compared to antimicrobial substances used in pulp therapy. In the first stage, it was found that the CMM of muña essential oil was 10% and the CMM of the oregano essential oil was 30%. In the second stage, E. faecalis were seeded in 56 petri dishes containing Mueller Hinton culture medium with wells of 6mms. of diameter filled with 100 ml of 100% and 10% (CMI) muña essential oil,30% and 100% (CMI) of oregano essential oil, sodium hypochlorite al 5%, chlorhexidine gel at 2% and chlorhexidine solution al 2%, Calcifar - P ® y Tween 20. The petris were incubated at 37 ° C performing the measurement of the inhibition halos with a Vernier caliper or caliper rule at 24 and 48 hours. For the statistics analysis ANOVA and Tukey tests were used. We concluded that the CMM of muña and oregano essential oils have inhibitory effect against E. faecalis at 24 and 48 hours, however its effect is less than 2% chlorhexidine (solution).
Acceso abierto
Factores y automanejo de pacientes con hipertensión arterial y diabetes mellitus en centros de salud de la Red Lima ciudad
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2017-10-04) Reyes Quiroz, Giovanna Elizabeth; Ruiz, Raúl
The objective of the investigation was to determine the factors related to the selfmanagement of patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus in Health Centers of the City of Lima. The research was a prospective and cross-sectional study with a quantitative nonexperimental and correlational approach in a sample of 164 people diagnosed with diabetes mellitus and 190 people diagnosed with hypertension attended at the 4 selected health centers. The data collection technique was the survey and the instruments were 4 questionnaires. The main results showed similarities in self-control in hypertensive and diabetic patients; In addition, poor quality of life and support from the dysfunctional family were factors that negatively influenced self-management by increasing at least 5.8 and 4.8 times the risk of inappropriate self-management. It was concluded that there is similar self-management in patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus. Educational level, poor quality of life, visits to the doctor in the last 6 months and dysfunctional family support negatively influenced the self-control of hypertensive and diabetic patients.
Acceso abierto
Hábitos alimentarios, estado nutricional y obesidad central en pacientes adultos mayores hipertensos y diabéticos de un centro de salud, Junín, Perú 2020
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2021-07-24) Calderón Gamarra, Miluska Paola; Loayza Alarico, Manuel Jesús
This resarch aimed to determine how eating habits are related to the nutritional status and central obesity of elderly patients with arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus at the Chilca Health Center, Junin,Peru, 2020. A database of patients was analyzed of patients with arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus who attended th Chilca Health Center, them a survey was applied by calls. Result: 45,85% (94) of the eating habits were adecuated, 45,85 had noral weigt 29,27 60 were overweight 13,17 27 were thin and 11,71% 24 had obesity. Conclusion: eating habits are formed in the life span are complex to modify and could lead to weight disordes (thinness, overweigth and obesity
Acceso abierto
Impacto del cuidado informal en la salud y la calidad de vida del cuidador de pacientes oncológicos en el hospital de Lima. Agosto –diciembre 2018
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2019-10-14) Canales Rimachi, Reyda Ismaela; Arispe Alburqueque, Claudia Milagros
The objective was to determine the impact of the burden of informal care on the health and quality of life of the oncology patient caregiver at the Lima Hospital. It was an explanatory quantitative type, non-experimental design, application, cross-sectional, the population was 166 informal caregivers 166 cancer patients and 166 non-caregivers; the technique of collecting information was survey the instruments were questionnaires whose results were that informal caregivers the highest percentage are women with an average age of 40 years, the function they fulfill as caregivers are husbands and fathers, caregivers and non-carers present more than 3 chronic problems having a significant relationship of (p = 0.001); also 64% (CI) and 76.4% (non-caregiver) present some family dysfunction (p = 010); On the other hand, there is evidence of a better quality of life in the physical function dimensions: middle percentile (89.2), physical role (75.5), body pain (74.3%) and worse quality of life in the general health dimensions with percentile. (53.6), mental health (54.6%) and informal caregivers showed intense overload 73.4%; On the other hand, body pain is a protective factor (OR = 0.97, p = 0.010) with OR of 95 confidence interval (0.932 - 0.990); General health is also a protective factor (OR = 0.96, p = 0.010) with OR 95% confidence interval (0.932 - 0.990) and social function is a risk factor (OR = 1.03, p = 0.013) with 95% confidence interval OR (1,006 - 1,054); concluding the impact of overload on informal care there is a better quality of life in the dimensions of body pain and general health in the absence of overload than intense overload; and worse health in the social function in intense overload than in the absence of overload; more chronic problems in intense overload than in the absence of overload; older people family dysfunction in informal caregivers than non-caregivers; Finally, informal caregivers more fatigue and sleep problems than non-caregivers.
Acceso abierto
Módulo educativo para la promoción de la alimentación y nutrición saludable sobre el peso, hábitos de alimentación y prácticas de actividad física en una institución educativa inicial de Lima 2020
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2021-08-26) Oviedo Sarmiento, Nory Maribel; Benites Castillo, Santiago Moises
The school environment is ideal for promoting healthy habits and preventing obesity. The objective of the research was to determine the effectiveness of the "Educational Module for the Promotion of Healthy Eating and Nutrition" on weight, eating habits and physical activity practices in students of the Buenos Aires Initial Educational Institution of Villa in the District of Santiago from Surco-Lima during the months of October-November 2020. The study was quantitative, applied research, quasi-experimental, prospective, longitudinal. It was evaluated in two moments. The sample was 33 students who met the inclusion criteria. The validated instruments were the Krece Plus test and the PAQ-A questionnaire. It is observed that from 36.4% with healthy weight it changes to 39.4%, from 15.2% with overweight it changes to 3%, the low weight is maintained at 3%. Obesity changes from 42.4% to 51.5%. There is no statistically significant difference in BMI according to Wilcoxon (p> .05). Low eating habits changed from 33.3% to 21.2%, 6.1% of high eating habits remained, and average eating habits varied from 60.6% to 72.7%. There is no difference according to Wilcoxon (p> .05). In the variable very low physical activity changes from 18.2% to 3%, normal physical activity from 63.6% to 57.6%, and physical activity quite changes from 18.2% to 39.4%. There is a difference on Physical Activity according to Wilcoxon (p <.05). Therefore, it is shown that the "Educational Module for the Promotion of Healthy Eating and Nutrition" is effective in the physical activity variable.
Acceso abierto
Relación entre concociemiento, actitud y cumplimiento de las medidas de bioseguridad del perosonal que labora en la unidad médico legal II de Piura, 2020
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2021-09-16) Salazar Panta, Walter Felix; Benites Castillo, Santiago Moises
Objective: To determine the relationship between the level of knowledge and attitudes, with compliance with the biosafety measures of the personnel who work in the Medical Legal Unit II of Piura, during the months of September 2020 to February 2021. Methodology: It is A correlational and cross-sectional study, the population and sample were 40 collaborators, to whom three duly validated questionnaires were applied, for the bivariate analysis the Spearman Correlation test was performed. Results: 15% had a bad level of knowledge, 50% a regular level of knowledge, 25% had bad attitudes, 37.5% regular attitudes, 97.5% had good practices, in the bivariate analysis between the level of knowledge and compliance, it was found that if there was a statistically significant relationship (p <0.05) and no statistically significant relationship (p> 0.05) was found between the level of attitudes and compliance through. Conclusions: Most of the personnel working in the Medical Legal Unit have a regular and good level of knowledge of biosafety measures. It was found that if there is a statistically significant relationship between knowledge with compliance with biosafety. No statistically significant relationship was found when relating attitude with compliance with biosafety measures.
Acceso abierto
Seguridad y actividad antiulcerosa de la savia liofilizada de la musa acuminata colla (plátano de seda) en ratas inducidas a úlcera gástrica e in vitro
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2017) Tasayco Yataco, Nesquen José; Chávez Flores, Juana Elvira
The objective was to determine to the extent that the lyophilized sap of Musa acuminata Colla affects the safety and antiulcer activity in rats induced gastric ulcer and in vitro. Safety was evaluated at single dose in albino mice and at repeated doses for 28 days in Holtzmann rats. Anti-ulcer activity was evaluated in rats induced gastric ulcer with indomethacin 80 mg / kg orally. In the in vitro study the activity against Helicobacter pylori was evaluated. Results; The mean lethal dose was 10000 mg / kg, the repeated dose toxicity test showed no toxic symptoms or significant changes in hematological parameters and blood chemistry. The 800 mg/Kg dose in the antiulcer activity produced 86% inhibition compared to the control group which obtained 65% inhibition; The activity against Helicobacter pylori at concentrations of lyophilized sap of 1000 ug / mL, 500 ug / mL, 250 ug / mL and 125 ug / mL was found to be inactive, antiulcer activity is probably due to the presence of tannins, alkaloids and flavonoids. Concluding that lyophilized sap of Musa acuminata Colla has been shown to be safe and have antiulcer activity in rats but have no in vitro activity against Helicobacter pylori.

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Examinando Doctorado en Salud por Línea de Investigación "Salud, enfermedad y ambiente"