Examinando por Materia "Cadmium"

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Acceso abierto
Análisis del contenido de arsénico, plomo y cadmio en raíces y vegetales de hojas del mercado mayorista de Lima Perú -2023
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-05-25) Gonza Togas, Yuli; Espinoza Rado, Erika Paola
Objetivo: Evaluar el contenido de metales pesados en raíces y vegetales de hojas del mercado mayorista de Lima 2023. Metodología: se utilizó el enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo analítico transversal. La muestra fue papa, zanahoria, lechuga y espinaca 500gr para cada alimento y fue recolectado del mercado mayorista de Lima Perú 2023. Se utilizo el análisis AOAC con diferentes series para cada metal pesado. Nivel de confianza 95% Para comprobar si las mediciones de la concentración de los contaminantes en los productos analizados sobrepasan los límites establecidos por normativa, se utilizará la prueba no paramétrica de Wilcoxon, con un p-valor de 0 a un nivel de significancia de 5%. Resultados: se obtuvo mediante la prueba estadística que la presencia de metales pesados fue menor a los límites establecidos. Con un p-valor de 0 a un nivel de significancia de 5% y se pudo confirmar que existe evidencia estadística suficiente para rechazar la hipótesis nula y podemos concluir que la mediana de las mediciones sí es menor a 0.5. Por lo que se concluye que la concentración de Arsénico, plomo y cadmio en la Papa, zanahoria, lechuga y espinaca es menor al máximo establecido por la norma. Conclusiones: el análisis del contenido de arsénico, plomo y cadmio en raíces y vegetales de hojas del mercado mayorista de lima Perú-2023, fueron menores a los límites establecidos por las normas nacionales, se deben realizar próximos estudios con muestras de otras zonas o en suelos contaminados con actividad minera, además se recomienda adquirir los alimentos de los lotes que están por comercializar en punto de origen para comparar resultados.
Acceso abierto
Analysis of the Subsection 3.2.7 of the Annex to Regulation (EU) No. 488-2014 concerning the maximum cadmium content in chocolate and derived products under the WTO Sanitary and Phytosanitary rules
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2021-07-26) Torres Rodríguez, Pamela; Sueiro Varhen, Víctor Rogelio
The requirement for maximum levels of cadmium in cocoa and derived products established in subsection 3.2.7 of the Annex to the European Union (EU) Regulation No. 488/2014 shall be in accordance with the World Trade Organization (WTO) Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) rules. Thus, through the dogmatic method it is analysed whether it is a SPS measure that affects international trade and if it complies with the basic principles of the SPS Agreement as if the measure: was issued under the sovereign right of the European Union (EU) Member States (MS) to adopt SPS measures, was adopted to protect human life or health, had scientific basis, and does not imply arbitrary or unjustified discrimination.
Acceso abierto
Cuantificación de plomo, cadmio y arsénico en granos de cacao Theobroma cacao L. y café Coffea arábica L. de la zona de Jaén – Cajamarca durante el periodo febrero–julio 2018
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-12-06) Condezo Nuñez, Silvia; Huaraca Mezones, Carmen Victoria; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
Coffee and cocoa are consumed worldwide and have gained international recognition. Many producers cultivate these crops using pesticides, or the soils in which they are grown are contaminated with heavy metals that can be absorbed by the plants. For this reason, it was necessary to quantify the concentrations of lead, cadmium, and arsenic in cocoa beans (Theobroma cacao L.) and coffee beans (Coffea arabica L.) from the Jaén – Cajamarca region, during the period from February to July 2018. A total of sixteen samples were collected and analyzed using the atomic absorption method associated with graphite furnace and FIAS hydride generation. The results showed that in coffee beans from the Jaén – Cajamarca region, the average concentrations were 0.11 µg/g for arsenic, 0.11 µg/g for cadmium, and 1.18 µg/g for lead. Most of the analyzed samples did not exceed the maximum values permitted by MERCOSUR regulations, making them suitable for consumption. In cocoa beans from the Jaén – Cajamarca region, the average concentrations were 0.08 µg/g for arsenic, 0.07 µg/g for cadmium, and 0.10 µg/g for lead. When compared with the permissible values established by the Codex Alimentarius, the concentrations of each metal found indicated that more than 60% of the samples are admissible for human consumption.
Acceso abierto
Determinación cuantitativa de arsénico, cadmio y plomo en maca (Lepidium meyenii) expendida en el mercado 10 de Octubre durante el período de junio–octubre 2016
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2016) Espinoza Dominguez, Judith; Quispe Huillca, Yessica; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
Maca (Lepidium meyenii) is a plant that grows above 4000 meters of altitude in the Central Andes of Peru, presenting different varieties based on the color of its hypocotyl. For this reason, we conducted a study on 28 samples to quantitatively determine the concentration of Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), and Lead (Pb) in maca (Lepidium meyenii) sold in the Mercado 10 de Octubre during the period of June–October 2016. The average concentration of Arsenic was 0.38 mg/kg with minimum figures of 0.17 mg/kg and maximum figures of 0.67 mg/kg. The average concentration of Cadmium was 0.32 mg/kg with minimum figures of 0.06 mg/kg and maximum figures of 0.62 mg/kg. The average concentration of Lead was 0.34 mg/kg with minimum figures of 0.12 mg/kg and maximum figures of 0.67 mg/kg. The values found were: 29% of the analyzed maca (Lepidium meyenii) samples exceeded the limit permitted by MERCOSUR for As (0.50 mg/kg). 14% of the Cd concentrations in maca exceeded the permitted value given by MERCOSUR for Cd (0.50 mg/kg), and 29% of the analyzed samples exceeded the permitted value given by MERCOSUR for Pb.
Acceso abierto
Determinación cuantitativa de cadmio, plomo y cobre en hígado de ganado bovino expendidos en mercados: Central, 03 de Febrero y Camal de Yerbateros durante setiembre del 2014
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2015) Cristobal Palomares, Jhovani Walter; Cruz Orihuela, Ruth Rosalyn; Churango Valdez, Javier
The objective of this study was to quantitatively determine the concentration of cadmium, lead, and copper in bovine liver sold at the Central Market, 03 de Febrero, and the Yerbateros Slaughterhouse during September 2014. The method used for the quantification of these metals was Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry with a graphite furnace. The cadmium levels found in the twenty-five liver samples showed an average of 9.59 mg Cd/kg liver, with a minimum value of 5.89 mg/kg and a maximum value of 14.11 mg/kg. Lead levels in the samples showed an average of 52.26 mg Pb/kg liver, with a minimum of 28.34 mg/kg and a maximum of 75.85 mg/kg. Finally, copper levels in the samples showed an average of 1.70 mg Cu/kg liver, with a minimum of 0.78 mg/kg and a maximum of 3.09 mg/kg. The results indicate that the bovine liver samples exceed the established cadmium, lead, and copper limits according to the Official Mexican Standard and European Union regulations. Therefore, it is concluded that the liver samples contain Cd, Pb, and Cu above the permitted levels according to international standards, posing a potential health risk for consumers.
Acceso abierto
Determinación cuantitativa de la concentración de arsénico, cadmio y plomo en zumo de “Caña de Azúcar“ (saccharum officinarum) expendidos ambulatoriamente en la Provincia Constitucional del Callao durante el periodo mayo–setiembre 2014
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2015) Aylas Quispe, Fredy Jesus; Aylas Quispe, Yudit; Canales Martínez, César Augusto
Heavy metals released into the environment by industrial activities can affect the development of sugarcane crops. In order to determine the current levels of heavy metals (As, Cd, and Pb), 25 samples of sugarcane juice (Saccharum officinarum) sold in the Constitutional Province of Callao were analyzed between May and September 2014. The determination of heavy metals in sugarcane juice was carried out using atomic absorption spectrophotometry with hydride generation for arsenic, and atomic absorption spectrophotometry with graphite furnace for cadmium and lead. The results obtained for each heavy metal (As, Cd, and Pb) were compared with the permissible limits established by the Codex Alimentarius, the Ecuadorian Technical Standard, and MERCOSUR. The mean concentrations of the total heavy metals in sugarcane juice (Saccharum officinarum) were 0.02 ppm for arsenic, 0.05 ppm for cadmium, and 0.21 ppm for lead.
Acceso abierto
Determinación cuantitativa de plomo y cadmio en diez tipos de yuca (Manihot esculenta) comercializados en el mercado del distrito de San Martin de Pangoa, de la ciudad de Satipo, departamento de Junín, de enero–marzo 2017
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2017) De la O Valenzuela, Zenaida Olinda; Quispe Aguirre, Jannet; Cárdenas Orihuela, Robert Armando
This research aimed to quantitatively determine, using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, the concentration levels of lead and cadmium in ten types of cassava (Manihot esculenta) sold at the “San Martin de Pangoa District Market” in the city of Satipo, Junín department, from January to March 2017. The lead levels found had an average of 0.13 ppm, with a minimum value of 0.01 ppm and a maximum value of 0.24 ppm. The cadmium levels found had an average of 0.05 ppm, with a minimum value of 0.01 ppm and a maximum value of 0.09 ppm. The results of the present study indicate that, for the ten types of cassava (Manihot esculenta), 90% exceeded the permissible limit for lead established by the Codex Alimentarius, while 10% did not exceed this limit. Regarding cadmium, 100% of the samples did not exceed the permissible limit set by the Codex Alimentarius. These findings allow us to conclude that the presence of lead in cassava (Manihot esculenta) could have implications for consumer health.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de arsénico, cadmio y plomo en especias en polvo: ají paprika (Capsicum annuum, L.), ají panca (Capsicum chinense), pimienta (Piper nigrum) y comino (Cuminum cyminum), expendidos en el Mercado Caquetá – San Martín de Porres, Lima en el periodo enero – 2018
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-12-05) Llallahui Murga, Fiorella Margoth; Quispe Huisa, Luisa; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
The use of aromatic plants and spices in cooking constitutes a basic principle for the application of natural nutrition. Agricultural products can be contaminated with toxic heavy metals, including Arsenic, Cadmium, and Lead. High levels of these metals tend to accumulate in the soil surface, becoming accessible for consumption. The contamination of food products is becoming an inevitable problem, as air, soil, and water pollution contribute to the presence of harmful elements. The analysis of powdered spice samples showed variable concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, and lead in their composition. These values were subsequently compared with the limits established by the WHO.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de arsénico, cadmio, plomo y mercurio en quinua (Chenopodium quinoa) expendida en los mercados de La Victoria, durante el período de enero del 2018
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-11-29) Alcocer Santivañez, Eneth Elizabeth; Huamán Huamán, Edith Cindy; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
In this investigation, the concentrations of Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury were determined in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) samples sold in the markets of La Victoria, and it was established whether these concentrations were within permissible limits according to the parameters set by MERCOSUR, the European Union, and Brazilian legislation. The technique used was Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry with Graphite Furnace and Hydride Generator. The average value of Arsenic in the samples was 0.35 ppm, with extreme values of 0.16 and 0.59, with 55% exceeding the maximum permissible limit (MPL) established by MERCOSUR. The average value of Cadmium in the samples was 0.18 ppm, with extreme values of 0.08 and 0.33, with 73% exceeding the MPL established by MERCOSUR and the European Union. The average value of Mercury in the samples was 0.005 ppm, with extreme values of 0.01 and 0.011, with 9% exceeding the MPL established by Brazilian legislation. The average value of Lead in the samples was 0.20 ppm, with extreme values of 0.11 and 0.36, with 45% exceeding the MPL established by MERCOSUR and the European Union. These results indicate that there is high contamination by Arsenic, Cadmium, and Lead in quinoa sold in the markets of La Victoria – January 2018.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de arsénico, cromo, cadmio y plomo en camarones (Cryphiops caementarius) de Calango y Santa Cruz de Flores, abril a octubre del 2020
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-04-13) Roca Esquivel, Rosario; Tello Rojas, Maribel; Ramos Jaco, Antonio Guillermo
The contamination of hydrobiological species in our rivers by heavy metals is a serious and concerning issue, as it endangers the lives of these species and the populations that consume them. Objective: This research aims to determine the concentration of arsenic, chromium, cadmium, and lead in shrimp (Cryphiops caementarius) and the potential health risks for the population of Calango and Santa Cruz de Flores during the period from April to October 2020, due to exceeding the maximum permissible limits according to Brazilian Legislation and the Codex Alimentarius standards. Methodology: This was a quantitative, descriptive, basic-level study with a non-experimental, cross-sectional research design. Atomic absorption flame spectrophotometry and a hydride generator were used. Results: Shrimp samples were collected along the Mala River at 3 points in the Santa Cruz de Flores area and 7 points in the Calango area, for a total of 10 sampling points. The average values obtained were 0.89 mg/kg for arsenic, 0.040 mg/kg for chromium, 0.24 mg/kg for cadmium, and 0.44 mg/kg for lead in the shrimp samples from the designated points. These values did not exceed the maximum permissible limits set by international regulations, including Brazilian Legislation and the Codex Alimentarius, during 2020. Conclusion: The consumption of shrimp was not considered a public health risk for any of these heavy metals—cadmium, chromium, lead, and arsenic. However, due to the values found in the upper range, continuous monitoring of these metals' concentrations in these areas is recommended.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de cadmio, mercurio y plomo en langostinos (Litopenaeus vannamei) procedentes del Terminal Pesquero de Villa María del Triunfo de Lima y de Ventanilla en el Callao durante el periodo marzo–abril 2016
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2017) Inga Reyes, Marilyn Janeth; Miraya Suarez, Mariluz; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
This study determined the concentrations of cadmium, lead, and mercury in shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) sold at the fishing terminals of Villa María del Triunfo in Lima and Ventanilla in Callao during March–April 2016. The technique used for the determination of lead and cadmium was atomic absorption spectrophotometry with a graphite furnace, and a hydride generator was used for mercury. For this work, 20 shrimp units were collected. For lead, an average value of 0.50 mg/kg was found, with extreme values between 0.28 mg/kg and 0.79 mg/kg. 50% of the samples exceeded the permissible limits (LMP) according to the National Fisheries Health Service (SANIPES). For cadmium, the average value was 0.42 mg/kg, with extreme values between 0.24 mg/kg and 0.65 mg/kg. 35% exceeded the permissible limits (LMP) according to SANIPES. For mercury, the average value was 0.19 mg/kg, with extreme values between 0.07 mg/kg and 0.34 mg/kg. This last value did not exceed the maximum permissible limits (LMP) established by SANIPES. The highest metal concentration found in shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) corresponds to lead.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de cadmio, plomo y riesgo toxicológico de cervezas artesanales expendidas en Cercado de Lima, 2023
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2024-01-27) Camac Delgado, Katherine America; Pumayauli Almanza, Lizbeth Milagros; Ramos Jaco, Antonio Guillermo
The present research aimed to “analyze and compare the concentrations of cadmium and lead in craft beers with the maximum permissible limits (MPL) established by MERCOSUR and NTP 211.049, and to assess the toxicological risk for consumers in Cercado de Lima, 2023.” Method: The study was basic, non-experimental, descriptive, and cross-sectional. The instruments used were a data recording sheet and a questionnaire. The selected samples included 30 craft beers and 385 consumers. Cadmium and lead concentrations were determined through laboratory analysis at CICOTOX using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Consumer data were collected via questionnaire, and toxicological risk was assessed using the methodology proposed by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. General data were processed using SPSS version 28 and Microsoft Excel. Results: The mean cadmium concentration found was 0.00047 ppm, and the mean lead concentration was 0.00533 ppm; in no case did the values exceed the maximum limits permitted by NTP 211.049 and MERCOSUR. Regarding toxicological risk assessment, the average value for the cadmium exposure dose indicator was 6.80×10⁻¹⁵ and for lead 3.83×10⁻¹¹; for the hazard index indicator, the result was 6.8×10⁻¹² for cadmium and 6.38×10⁻⁹ for lead. Finally, for the margin of exposure indicator, cadmium had an average value of 1.47×10¹⁸ and lead 6.53×10¹⁰. Conclusion: None of the analyzed samples exceeded the maximum permissible limits and they do not represent a toxicological risk to consumers.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de la concentración de cadmio y plomo en huevos (clara y yema) de codorniz “Coturnix coturnix” expendidos en mercados más concurridos del distrito de San Martin de Porres en Lima. Junio 2017
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-02-08) Mejía Campos, Yojana Heidy; Quispe Castro, Jenny Albina; Hernández Aguilar, Manuel Gregorio
Heavy metals are among the most widespread environmental contaminants worldwide, with Peru being one of the countries affected due to its extensive mining sector. Currently, Peru lacks regulations regarding permissible limits of these toxic substances in food. The present study aimed to determine the concentration of cadmium and lead in the egg white and yolk of quail eggs (Coturnix coturnix) sold in the busiest markets of the San Martin de Porres district. A total of twenty quail eggs were sampled, and both the egg white and yolk were analyzed together using Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The results were then compared with the Mexican Official Standard NOM-159-SSA1-1996 for cadmium (0.05 mg/kg) and the MERCOSUR Technical Regulation for lead (0.1 mg/kg). The results for cadmium ranged from 0.04 mg/kg to 0.14 mg/kg, with a mean of 0.083 mg/kg, where 7 samples (35%) were below the maximum permissible limits, and 13 samples (65%) exceeded the maximum allowable values. Regarding lead, the values ranged from 0.08 mg/kg to 0.26 mg/kg, with a mean of 0.150 mg/kg, where 2 samples (10%) were below the maximum permissible limits, and 18 samples (90%) exceeded the maximum allowable values. In conclusion, the levels of cadmium and lead in quail eggs exceed the maximum permissible limits established by the aforementioned standards.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de liberación cuantitativa de plomo y cadmio en utensilios cerámicos (platos tendidos y hondos menor a un litro) comercializados en Lima Metropolitana en el período mayo–octubre 2014
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2015) Meza Vega, Candy Maruja; Sánchez Campos, Jobita; Churango Valdez, Javier
Consumers are generally unaware of the toxicity of metals used in the production or decoration of ceramic ware, and even less so of the release of lead and cadmium that occurs through continuous use of ceramic plates in contact with food. Due to this issue, the present study was conducted on the “Quantitative determination of lead and cadmium release in ceramic utensils (flat and deep plates under one liter) commercialized in Metropolitan Lima during the period May–October 2014.” A total of 10 samples of deep plates and 10 samples of flat plates were analyzed. For lead in flat plates, the minimum concentration found was 1.02 mg/dm², the maximum 2.05 mg/dm², with an average release of 1.53 mg/dm². In deep plates, the minimum concentration was 2.55 mg/L, the maximum 9.74 mg/L, with an average lead release of 4.48 mg/L. For cadmium in flat plates, the minimum concentration was 0.10 mg/dm², the maximum 0.29 mg/dm², with an average release of 0.17 mg/dm². In deep plates, the minimum concentration was 0.12 mg/L, the maximum 0.71 mg/L, with an average release of 0.29 mg/L. Lead and cadmium levels were determined using the atomic absorption spectrophotometric method.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de plomo y cadmio en apium graveolens (apio) y allium ampeloprasum L.var. porrum (poro) expendidos en el mercado central Santa Anita durante el período de agosto 2014 a febrero 2015
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2015) Guevara Santos, Nelly; Peralta Najarro, Nemia; Churango Valdez, Javier
The present research was conducted to evaluate the concentration of lead and cadmium in Apium graveolens (celery) and Allium ampeloprasum L. var. porrum (leek) sold at the Central Santa Anita market during the period August 2014 to February 2015. The concentration of heavy metals was determined using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry method. In celery samples, lead levels averaged 0.20 ppm, with a minimum of 0.13 ppm and a maximum of 0.33 ppm, while cadmium levels averaged 0.23 ppm, with a minimum of 0.15 ppm and a maximum of 0.59 ppm. In leek samples, lead levels averaged 0.10 ppm, with a minimum of 0.05 ppm and a maximum of 0.18 ppm, whereas cadmium levels averaged 0.38 ppm, with a minimum of 0.18 ppm and a maximum of 0.59 ppm. The results indicate that both Apium graveolens (celery) and Allium ampeloprasum L. var. porrum (leek) exceeded the maximum limits established by the Codex Alimentarius for lead and cadmium. Therefore, it can be concluded that these vegetables contain high levels of heavy metals, representing a potential health risk for consumers.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de plomo y cadmio en barras labiales comercializadas en el Mercado Huáscar del distrito de San Juan de Lurigancho de Lima en el periodo junio–agosto de 2016
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2017-10-03) Castillo Caysahuana, Susan Eiko; Hernández Aguilar, Manuel Gregorio
The present study was conducted with the objective of determining the concentration of lead and cadmium in lipsticks sold at the Huáscar Market in the district of San Juan de Lurigancho, Lima, during the period June–August 2016. The research followed a descriptive, observational, cross-sectional, and prospective design. A total of 10 lipsticks were collected from 5 stands within the market. The concentrations of lead and cadmium were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry with graphite furnace. For reference, the permissible limit was established at 10.00 ppm for lead (Mexican and ASEAN regulations) and 5.00 ppm for cadmium (FDA standard). The results showed that the lipsticks contained maximum levels of 27.18 ppm of lead and 3.31 ppm of cadmium. While cadmium concentrations were within acceptable limits, lead concentrations exceeded international safety standards, indicating a potential health risk for consumers regularly using these products.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de plomo y cadmio en mollejas de pollo expendidas en el mercado Caquetá – San Martín de Porres – período Octubre–Diciembre 2014
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2015) Huamán Huamán, Dina Magali; Palacios Choque, Roxana; Lizano Gutiérrez, Jesús Víctor
The objective of this study was to quantify lead and cadmium in chicken gizzards sold at the Caquetá Market – San Martín de Porres during the period from October to December 2014. Thirty chicken gizzard samples were collected from different vendors in the market. The method used for the quantification of lead and cadmium in chicken gizzards was Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry with a Graphite Furnace. The average lead concentration was 0.630 mg Pb/kg, with extreme values of 0.89 mg/kg, exceeding the maximum limits established by the Codex Alimentarius and the European Union in 87% of the samples. The average cadmium concentration was 0.20 mg Cd/kg, with extreme values of 0.29 mg/kg, exceeding the maximum limits reported in the study from Egypt in 100% of samples and in the Malaysian study in 90% of samples. In conclusion, the analyzed samples contain heavy metals, representing a potential health risk for consumers.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de plomo y cadmio por espectrofotometría de absorción atómica en leche cruda de bovino en establos lecheros del distrito de Chancay – Huaral, 2013
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2013) Mendoza Oscorima, Yeni Guisela; Medina Pillaca, Carlos Antonio; Canales Martínez, César Augusto
Milk is regarded as an almost complete food and constitutes the main element of the daily diet, as it provides proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and essential minerals. This study aimed to determine the presence of lead and cadmium in raw bovine milk from dairy farms in the district of Chancay, province of Huaral. Thirty raw milk samples were obtained from five dairy farms in different populated centers of Chancay. The samples were analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry following microwave-assisted digestion. The results showed that the average concentration of lead was 0.0186 mg/kg, below the limit established by WHO (0.02 mg/kg). However, 10 of the 30 samples (33.3%) exceeded this limit. The average cadmium concentration was 0.338 mg/kg, surpassing the Romanian Standard (0.01 mg/kg), with all 30 samples (100%) above the permissible level. In conclusion, this study underscores the importance of regularly monitoring lead and cadmium levels in milk across different regions of Peru.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de plomo, cadmio y arsénico en carne de pollo expendida en el mercado de Caquetá – San Martín de Porres. Lima – Perú. Noviembre del 2020
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-08-10) Sinche Ramirez, Luis Gerardo; Canales Martínez, César Augusto
In this research, lead, cadmium, and arsenic were quantified in chicken meat samples (Gallus domesticus) sold at the Caquetá market, located in the district of San Martin de Porres in Lima, Peru, using atomic absorption spectrophotometry with a graphite furnace and atomic absorption spectrophotometry with a hydride generator. The quantification of the mentioned elements was performed at the Center for Information, Toxicological Control, and Environmental Management Support (CICOTOX). The results obtained were as follows: the average concentration of arsenic was 0.0006 mg/kg, with a minimum value of 0.0001 mg/kg and a maximum value of 0.0027 mg/kg. The average cadmium concentration was 0.02027 mg/kg, with a minimum value of 0.0078 mg/kg and a maximum value of 0.0627 mg/kg. The average lead concentration was 0.6953 mg/kg, with a minimum concentration of 0.3047 mg/kg and a maximum concentration of 1.1953 mg/kg. It is concluded that, in chicken breast meat samples, arsenic values are within acceptable limits; however, both cadmium (8%) and lead (100%) exceed the maximum permissible limit set by MERCOSUR.
Acceso abierto
Determinación de plomo, cadmio y arsénico en hígados de pollo expendidos en el mercado Caquetá – San Martín de Porres período de marzo–julio 2015
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2015) Espinoza Valdiviezo, Magali Karina; Suarez Zulueta, Sandra; Churango Valdez, Javier
The objective of this study was to quantitatively determine the levels of lead, cadmium, and arsenic in chicken liver sold by poultry vendors at the Caquetá Market during the period from March to July 2015. Samples were collected from 30 poultry vendors, taking one liver sample per vendor, and analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry with a graphite furnace for lead and cadmium. Arsenic was analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry with hydride generation. The results showed that the average lead concentration was 0.4326 mg/kg, below the limits established by Mercosur, the European Union, and the Codex Alimentarius; however, lead concentrations in 7 out of 30 samples (23%) exceeded the established limit. The average cadmium concentration was 0.4403 mg/kg, also below the limits established by Mercosur, the European Union, and the Codex Alimentarius; nevertheless, cadmium concentrations in 10 out of 30 samples (33%) exceeded the established limit. The average arsenic concentration was 0.858 mg/kg, above the limit established by Mercosur, with 7 out of 30 samples (23%) exceeding the limit. In conclusion, the analyzed samples contain heavy metals, posing a potential risk to consumers and representing a threat to public health.