Examinando por Materia "Niños"

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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2015) Fernández Correa, Madeleine Milagros; Dalby Morla, Maria Paola Felicita
The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between the level of parental knowledge about oral hygiene and its relation to the oral hygiene of children aged 3 to 5 years at the IEP "Angelitos de Jesús", Lima - 2015. The study was descriptive, prospective, observational, and cross-sectional. The population consisted of 138 children and their respective parents. The IHOs (Simplified Oral Hygiene Index by Green and Vermillion) was used on the children, and a questionnaire consisting of 10 questions related to oral hygiene, previously validated by expert judgment, was used for parents. The results showed that the IHOs was 65.00% for 3-year-olds and 42.50% for 5-year-olds, considered as poor oral hygiene; while 75.00% of 4-year-olds had regular oral hygiene. The level of parental knowledge about oral hygiene, according to age, was poor in 50.00% of parents aged 31 years and older. Regarding gender, the male gender had a higher prevalence, with 66.67% of males showing poor knowledge. The study concluded that there is no relationship between the level of parental knowledge about oral hygiene and the oral hygiene level of children aged 3 to 5 years at IEP "Angelitos de Jesús", Lima - 2015.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2015) Palomino Livora, Sheila Daniela; Galvez Ramirez, Carlos Michell
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of dental caries and the loss of first permanent molars in 6 and 7-year-old children from the I.E. N° 1059 María Inmaculada, Lince District, Lima, in 2015. A descriptive, cross-sectional, and observational study was conducted, in which 118 children were examined to assess the presence of carious lesions and the loss of first permanent molars. The results showed that the prevalence of caries in the first molars was 54.2% in most of the children, and the frequency of loss of first permanent molars was 24.7%. In conclusion, a high percentage of prevalence of caries in the first permanent molars (54.2%) and loss of these molars (24.7%) was found in children who still have months of dental eruption.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-05-22) Mendivil Cangahuala, Claudia Rosmery; Céspedes Porras, Jacqueline
The study was analytical, experimental, prospective, and longitudinal. The sample consisted of 140 children, divided into 2 study groups (control group and experimental group), with 70 children in each group. Dental anxiety levels were recorded using the Facial Image Scale, and heart rate was measured using a pulse oximeter, before and after the treatment. Data analysis was conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics 22, with a p-value of < 0.01 and a confidence level of 99%. It was observed that the dental anxiety levels before and after treatment in the experimental group showed statistically significant differences (p = 0.000), which was not the case for the anxiety levels in the control group (p = 0.035). Heart rate values before and after treatment in the control group did not show statistically significant differences (p = 0.029), while in the experimental group, the values were significantly reduced (p = 0.000). The audiovisual distraction technique using video glasses was effective in controlling anxiety during dental treatment in children aged 6-9 years.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-09-27) Laynes Villanueva, Yaqueline Melissa; Céspedes Porras, Jacqueline
The objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of music therapy in reducing dental anxiety in children aged 3 to 5 years attended at PRONOEI "Caritas Felices" Lima, 2018. Anxiety levels were measured using the Facial Image Scale (FIS) at three successive points (before the dental intervention, during the intervention without music therapy, and finally during the dental intervention with music therapy). Additionally, vital signs such as heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR) were recorded. This study was analytical, with a quasi-experimental and self-controlled design. The most important findings showed that anxiety levels before the dental appointment ranged from moderate (20.0%) to severe (48.0%). During the dental appointment without music therapy, anxiety levels increased in 60% of the children, with only 40% showing normal anxiety levels. However, during the dental appointment with music therapy, anxiety levels decreased, as 86% of the children presented moderate anxiety levels, and the remaining 14% showed anxiety levels ranging from mild to moderate. Therefore, when the dental intervention was performed without music therapy, anxiety levels increased, although this increase was not statistically significant. In contrast, when music therapy was used, anxiety levels were reduced.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-09-19) Contreras Bernal, Maria Fernanda; Girano Castaños, Jorge Alberto
The main objective was to determine the relationship between cognitive level and the presence of dental caries in first permanent molars of children aged 6 to 9 years, treated in the pediatric dentistry department of the Central Military Hospital of Lima, Peru, in 2018. The study was analytical, observational, cross-sectional, and prospective. The sample consisted of 100 parents with their respective children aged 6 to 9 years, selected through probabilistic sampling. A previously validated cognitive level questionnaire and a dental chart were provided. Informed consent was obtained. The hypothesis was tested using Kendall's Tau-b test for a p-value ≤ 0.05 with 95% confidence. The results showed that the cognitive level of the parents regarding dental caries in the first permanent molars of children aged 6 to 9 years was regular [72.0% (72)]; while 14.0% (14) had a good and deficient level. The prevalence of caries in the first permanent molars of children aged 6 to 9 years in the study was 52.0% (52) with a low level, while 24.0% (24) showed moderate and high prevalence, respectively. It is concluded that there is no relationship between the cognitive level of the parents and the prevalence of dental caries in the first permanent molars of children aged 6 to 9 years in the study, and the null hypothesis is accepted.
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(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-04-24) Huamán Chacón, Alicia; Salcedo Rioja, Mercedes Rita
The purpose of this study was to compare instruments for measuring the level of anxiety toward dental anesthesia in children aged 7 to 11, specifically considering their physiological response. This was a descriptive-comparative, cross-sectional study with a sample of 30 children aged 7 to 11 who required treatment involving local anesthesia. To measure anxiety levels, three questionnaires were administered: the Venham Drawing Test, the Fear Subscale (Children’s Fear Survey Schedule), and the Norman Corah Anxiety Scale (CORAH-M). Blood pressure, pulse, and oxygen saturation were measured before administering anesthesia. The results showed that the Venham Drawing Test was the most specific instrument for measuring anxiety, while the physiological response with the most statistically significant differences was blood pressure. The Modified Corah Test indicated "mild anxiety" in 46% of cases, whereas the Venham Test reported "no anxiety" in 63% of children before anesthesia. The Fear Subscale’s most frequent response was "no fear." It was concluded that the instruments used to measure anxiety toward anesthesia in children aged 7 to 11 are reliable and align with pulse and oxygen saturation levels in each response.
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Access to dental health services in Peruvian children from 0 to 11 years of age according to the demographic and family health survey at the national level in the periods 2017 – 2019
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2021-05-17) Cusi Mamani, Yoshilin; Hamamoto Ichikawa, Jessica María
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine access to dental health services among Peruvian children aged 0 to 11 years, based on the National Demographic and Family Health Survey for the periods 2017–2019. Methodology: This was a longitudinal, observational, descriptive, and retrospective study. Data collection was performed by extracting information from the database of the National Demographic and Family Health Survey for the years 2017 to 2019. The dataset was downloaded, and the question regarding access to oral health services was selected. Results: The study analyzed a population of 132,883 children, of whom 3,092 did not respond to question 803: "Has (NAME) ever been treated by a dentist or in a dental service?" The final sample consisted of 129,791 Peruvian children aged 0 to 11 years. Regarding the area of residence, 66.9% (n=86,823) were from urban areas and 33.1% (n=42,968) from rural areas. Geographically, 46.7% (n=60,653) were from the Coastal region, 32% (n=41,530) from the Highland region, and 21.3% (n=27,608) from the Jungle region. Conclusion: The majority of children aged 0 to 11 years did not have access to dental health services, according to the National Demographic and Family Health Survey for the periods 2017–2019.
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ASOCIACIÓN DE SOBREPESO U OBESIDAD CON GENU VALGO EN ESTUDIANTES DE 2 A 4 GRADO DE PRIMARIA DE UNA INSTITUCIÓN EDUCATIVA DE LIMA,NOVIEMBRE 2016
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-06-19) Samán Sánchez, Diana Carolina; Lovato Sanchez, Nita Giannina
EL OBJETIVO FUE Identificar la asociación de sobrepeso u obesidad con genu valgo en estudiantes de 2° a 4° grado de primaria de una Institución Educativa de Lima, noviembre 2016.Se realizó un estudio de nivel no experimental de tipo descriptivo donde 36 niños de 7 a 9 años de edad de una Institución Educativa de Lima cumplieron con los requisitos de presentar sobrepeso u obesidad, según el índice de masa corporal (IMC). Posteriormente, se midió el ángulo fémoro tibial de ambas rodillas para determinar si presentan valgo de rodillas.son concluyentes. Se hallaron mayor porcentaje de genu valgo de rodilla en estudiantes con sobrepeso u obesidad. Respecto al sexo, los niños muestran mayores porcentajes de genu valgo y finalmente con respecto a las edades se halló mayor porcentaje en niños en edades entre 8 y 9 años.por lo tanto se puede recomendar Impulsar y crear proyectos actividades físicas y recreativas para lograr resultados positivos en la salud infantil. Además propuestas que brinden pautas para proyectos futuros que logren aun mayor impacto en los estudiantes.
Acceso abierto
ASOCIACIÓN DE SOBREPESO U OBESIDAD CON GENU VALGO EN ESTUDIANTES DE 2 A 4 GRADO DE PRIMARIA DE UNA INSTITUCIÓN EDUCATIVA DE LIMA,NOVIEMBRE 2016
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-06-19) Cruz Oses, Angélica Flor; Lovato Sanchez, Nita Giannina
EL OBJETIVO FUE Identificar la asociación de sobrepeso u obesidad con genu valgo en estudiantes de 2° a 4° grado de primaria de una Institución Educativa de Lima, noviembre 2016.Se realizó un estudio de nivel no experimental de tipo descriptivo donde 36 niños de 7 a 9 años de edad de una Institución Educativa de Lima cumplieron con los requisitos de presentar sobrepeso u obesidad, según el índice de masa corporal (IMC). Posteriormente, se midió el ángulo fémoro tibial de ambas rodillas para determinar si presentan valgo de rodillas.son concluyentes. Se hallaron mayor porcentaje de genu valgo de rodilla en estudiantes con sobrepeso u obesidad. Respecto al sexo, los niños muestran mayores porcentajes de genu valgo y finalmente con respecto a las edades se halló mayor porcentaje en niños en edades entre 8 y 9 años.por lo tanto se puede recomendar Impulsar y crear proyectos actividades físicas y recreativas para lograr resultados positivos en la salud infantil. Además propuestas que brinden pautas para proyectos futuros que logren aun mayor impacto en los estudiantes.
Acceso abierto
association of early childhood caries and iron deficiency anemia in children aged 2 to 5 years served in the nursing service of the mi perú health center - callao, 2022
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-10-30) Villegas Torres, Wendy Luz; Marroquín García, Lorenzo Enrique
The objective of this study was to determine the association between early childhood caries and iron deficiency anemia in children aged 2 to 5 years treated at the nursing service of the Mi Perú Health Center - Callao, 2022. Methodology: The study was observational, cross-sectional, and analytical. Convenience non-probability sampling was used, and the sample consisted of 59 children aged 36 to 71 months who were seen at the nursing service and presented with early childhood caries and anemia during the clinical examination. Data collection was performed through observation and questionnaires, using information collection instruments. For statistical analysis, Excel and SPSS 26 programs were used, and the Chi2 non-parametric statistic was applied for inferential study. Results: With a 95% confidence level, a chi-square value of 28.678 with 1 degree of freedom and statistical significance showing a value of 0.00, it was established that the p-value was less than 0.05. This result allows for the acceptance of the research hypothesis. Conclusions: The type of caries is associated with the presence of anemia
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Calidad de la consejería nutricional y adherencia al tratamiento de la anemia en niños de un centro de salud ubicado en la Molina, 2022
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-03-28) Dipaz Vasquez, Fredy; Maguiña Palma, Misael Erikson
Este trabajo se enfocó en establecer la relación entre la adherencia al tratamiento de la anemia y la calidad de consejería nutricional y en infantes. Asimismo, la metodología utilizada para este trabajo consistió en un método hipotético-deductivo, y su diseño fue no experimental en un grupo de estudio conformado por niños, cuya muestra estuvo conformada por 80 niños de un centro de salud que fue una muestra de tipo probabilística y aleatorizada. Adicionalmente, el enfoque fue de tipo cuantitativo, ya que los datos se analizaron de forma estadística y respondieron adecuadamente a los objetivos de este trabajo. Los instrumentos que se emplearon fueron, principalmente, dos cuestionarios que se validaron por medio de un juicio de expertos especialistas en el área de estudio, siendo estos 5 personas de la especialidad y respecto de la confiabilidad fue comprobada por el alfa de Cronbach (α = ,909; α = ,785). Asimismo, dichos instrumentos evaluaron a los padres de familia en un único momento, con la finalidad de corroborar la investigación respecto de las variables propuestas. De este modo, con base en los resultados obtenidos respecto a la calidad de la consejería nutricional destacó que el 57.5% estuvo en un nivel “buena” y según la adherencia del tratamiento de la anemia, el 50% se encontró en un nivel “regular” y el otro 50%, en un nivel “adecuada”. Por todo ello, se concluyó que la relación entre la adherencia al tratamiento de la anemia y la calidad de consejería nutricional y en infantes fue positiva considerable (rho = ,624**), demostrando un 62% de verificación entre los niños del estudio.
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Conocimiento sobre el consumo de micronutrientes y la prevención de la anemia en niños de 6 a 48 meses, en el Centro de Salud Virgen del Pilar de Nazaret Lima Metropolitana 2021-2022.
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2022-05-18) De la Roca Contreras, Jose Luis; Tinco Quispe, Lizalbe Cristian; Parreño Tipian, Juan Manuel
En la presente investigación se determinó la relación que existe entre el conocimiento sobre el consumo de micronutrientes y la prevención de la anemia en niños de 6 a 48 meses, en el centro de salud Virgen del Pilar de Nazaret Lima metropolitana 2021-2022.
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Determinación de la alteración de plomo en sangre y su relación con los valores de hemoglobina y hematocrito en niños y adolescentes de 10 -15 años del asentamiento humano Virgen De Guadalupe del distrito de mi Perú-Callao en los meses de julio-setiembre
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2020-10-20) Villanueva Pinedo, Guadalupe Milagros; Romero Carranza, Cinthia Vanessa; Parreño Tipian, Juan Manuel
Determinar la alteración de plomo en sangre y su relación con los valores de hemoglobina y hematocrito en niños y adolescentes de 10 -15 años del Asentamiento Humano Virgen de Guadalupe del distrito de Mi Perú-Callao en los meses de Julio-septiembre 2019.Diseño Analítico, observacional, corte transversal, prospectivo correlacional, población y muestra 50 niños y adolescentes. Hematocrito-microcentrifugación, Hemoglobina -cianometahemoglobina y plomo Espectroscopia de Absorción Atómica por horno de Grafito. Plomo en sangre, valor promedio 2,06 µg/dL, los niveles de plomo en varones fue 2,00 µg/dL y en mujeres 2, 11µg/dL, el 6% de la población presento intoxicación por plomo, el 10% hemoglobina disminuida y el 8% hematocrito disminuido. Del 100% de la población de estudio el 6% tuvo intoxicación por plomo, hay un valor superior en los casos de intoxicación por plomo en varones frente al de las mujeres, no hay una relación entre los niveles elevados de plomo en sangre sobre los rangos de hemoglobina y hematocrito según la prueba de Chi Cuadrado siendo el valor p= 0,165 en la prueba de Correlación Lineal de Pearson se demostró que existe una correlación negativa entre los valores elevados de plomo y los rangos de hemoglobina y hematocrito.
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EFECTIVIDAD DE LAS TÉCNICAS NO FARMACOLOGICAS PARA EL ALIVIO DEL DOLOR POST VACUNAL EN LOS NIÑOS MENORES DE 5 AÑOS
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-08-26) Pardo Calderón, Hilda Erika; Rivera Lozada de Bonilla, Oriana
Objetivo: Sistematizar las evidencias sobre la efectividad de las técnicas no farmacológicas para el alivio del dolor pos vacunal en los niños menores de 5 años. Metodología: Revisión Sistemática observacional y retrospectivo. Resultados: En la selección final se escogieron 10 artículos, encontrando que el 30% (03) corresponden a Canadá, seguido de un 30% (03) encontramos a Turquía, mientras que con un 20% (02) encontramos a España, y Estados Unidos respectivamente. En su mayoría las revisiones sistemáticas encontradas equivalen a un 40%, en el país de Canada y Turquia. Entre los ensayos clínicos aletorizados encontramos a los países de España, Turquia y Estados Unidos, con un 30%. Y con un 20% tenemos a las revisiones sistemáticas y un 10% son estudios cuasi – experimental teniendo al país de Turquia. Encontrando un total de artículos analizados el 80% afirma que es efectivo el uso de técnicas no farmacológicas para el alivio del dolor post vacunal en niños menores de 5 años. Conclusiones: Teniendo como resultado en las investigaciones revisadas que la efectividad del uso de las técnicas no farmacológicas en el alivio del dolor post vacunal en los niños menores de 5 años. Se demostró la efectividad en cuanto al conocimiento de dichas técnicas en el alivio del dolor post vacunal.
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Efectividad de un programa de estimulación temprana para el desarrollo motor de niños menores de 5 años
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-08-26) Valencia Llashag, Estefani Lucero; Bonilla Asalde, Cesar Antonio
Objetivo: Sistematizar las evidencias sobre la efectividad de un programa de estimulación temprana para el desarrollo motor de niños menores de 5 años. Materiales y Métodos: Revisión sistemática observacional y retrospectiva, que sintetiza los resultados de múltiples investigaciones primarias. Son parte esencial de la enfermería basada en la evidencia por su rigurosa metodología, identificando los estudios relevantes para responder preguntas específicas de la práctica clínica, la búsqueda se ha restringido a artículos con texto completo, y los artículos seleccionados se sometieron a una lectura crítica, utilizando el sistema Grade para asignar la fuerza de recomendación. Resultados: En la selección definitiva se eligieron 10 artículos sobre la efectividad de un programa de estimulación temprana para el desarrollo motor de niños menores de 05 años, fueron halladas en la base de datos scielo, medline, pubmed, cochrane, ebsco y lilacs, se incluyó 01 revisión sistemática y meta-análisis, 02 ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, 04 experimental, 01 cuasiexperimental, 01 cohorte y 01 transversal. El 20% de las evidencias proceden de Serbia y con el 10% son de Australia, México, Perú, Noruega, China, Ecuador, Alemania y Brasil respectivamente. Conclusiones: 8 de los 10 artículos analizados evidencian que la estimulación temprana es efectiva para el desarrollo motor de niños menores de 05 años. El 20% (2/10) refieren que no se halló efecto positivo del programa de estimulación temprana.
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Effectiveness of home visits to reduce child abuse
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2020-08-02) Burgos Rodriguez, Andrea Fiorella; Leon Pozo, Esperanza Consuelo; Cárdenas de Fernández, María Hilda
Objective: To study and systematize the effectiveness of home visits in reducing child abuse in children under 5 years old. Materials and Methods: A systematic, observational, retrospective review of a quantitative type, critically selected, using the GRADE evaluation system to identify the quality of evidence. Articles were found in databases such as Scielo, Dialnet, Lilacs, PubMed, Epistemokitos, Medwave, Elsevier, and BMC. The articles were analyzed using the GRADE scale to determine their strength and quality of evidence. Results: Of the articles systematically reviewed, 60% (n=6/10) are systematic reviews, 10% (n=1/10) are integrative reviews, 10% (n=1/10) are panoramic reviews, and 20% (n=2/10) are meta-analyses. According to the results, all (100%) the articles show the effectiveness of home visits in reducing child abuse in children under 5 years old. Conclusion: All the reviewed articles (100%) demonstrate the effectiveness of home visits in reducing child abuse in children under 5 years old.
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Effectiveness of nursing educational interventions to prevent anemia in pediatric populations
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2020-01-19) Toledo Konja, Sayuri Celeste; Flores Jara, Jakelyn Nohely; Basurto Santillán, Ivan Javier
Objective: Systematize the evidence on the effectiveness of nursing educational interventions to prevent anemia in the pediatric population. Materials and Methods: Systematic review, based on critical reading and carried out under the GRADE evaluation system to evaluate the quality of the evidence of the articles selected from the following databases: Epistemonikos, PubMed, Sciencedirect, Elsevier, Cochrane and Scielo. Results: The reviewed articles showed that 70% are systematic review and meta-analysis, 10% are quasi-experimental studies, 10% are pre-experimental design and 10% are experimental. While 90% found that there is effectiveness, while 10% showed that the effectiveness is not really significant. Conclusions: Of the 10 articles systematically reviewed in (9/10) it was found that there is effectiveness in nursing interventions to prevent anemia in the pediatric population and (1/10) it is not significant.
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Effectiveness of the use of infrared and ultrasound vascular image devices in the peripheral venous access channel compared to traditional technique to reduce the number of puncture attempts in pediatric patients
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2019-12-01) Galván Guzman, Emma Zoila; Chacon Yance, Yennys Walkires; Avila Vargas Machuca, Jeannette Giselle
Objective: Systematize the evidence on the effectiveness of using infrared vascular imaging devices and ultrasound in peripheral venous access cannulation compared to the traditional technique to reduce the number of puncture attempts in pediatric patients. Material and Methods: Systematic review of 10 scientific articles indexed in databases: Lilacs and PubMed. Analyzed according to the Grade scale. Results: 60% of the evidence agree that the use of these devices improved the success rate of cannulation. Conclusions: 6 out of 10 articles demonstrate the effectiveness of using vascular imaging devices: infrared and ultrasound, while 4 out of 10 articles suggest that they do not outperform the traditional cannulation technique and/or do not present significant results.
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Effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in the prevention of respiratory infections in children.
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2018-08-04) Chu Ugaz, Martha Yuliana; Avila Vargas Machuca, Jeannette Giselle
Objective: To systematically analyze the available evidence from studies conducted on the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in preventing respiratory infections in children. Material and Method: The systematic review of 10 scientific articles was analyzed according to the GRADE scale to determine their strength and quality of evidence; 80% (8/10) correspond to the methodological design of methodological review; 10% (1/10) to meta-analysis and clinical studies, respectively. Results: Of the articles reviewed, 70% show the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in preventing respiratory infections in children; 20% do not provide evidence of the effectiveness of vitamin D in preventing respiratory infections in children, and 10% state that further studies are needed to investigate the effects of vitamin D supplementation in preventing respiratory infections. Conclusions: Of the 10 articles systematically reviewed, 7 provide evidence of the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in preventing respiratory infections in children; 2 do not provide evidence of the effectiveness of vitamin D in preventing respiratory infections in children, and 1 study concludes that larger studies are needed to investigate the effects of vitamin D supplementation in preventing respiratory infections.
Acceso abierto
Effects of toothpaste with xylitol on the salival profile in 4 year old children of the I.E. Public Nº 20403 Carlos Martínez Uribe. Huaral – Lima 2023
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2024-07-16) Rojas Félix, Nicolle Iveth; Guevara Sotomayor, Juan César
The objective of this research was to determine the effect of toothpaste with xylitol on 4-year-old children at the public I.E. No. 20403 Carlos Martínez Uribe, Huaral – Lima 2023. Methodology: The research method used was experimental with a quantitative approach, descriptive type, and longitudinal design. The researcher used a checklist created for a sample of 30 children, divided into two groups. Results: The following observations were made: In the experimental group, which was provided with toothpaste without xylitol on day 1, day 7, and day 21, the salivary pH remained within the range of (6.44±0.05), with a variation of +0.14. However, in the experimental group that received toothpaste with xylitol, the pH remained in the range of 6.38 to 6.90, with a range of (6.90±0.05), showing a variation of +0.52. This indicates that the use of only three doses of toothpaste with xylitol over a short period of time was able to increase the salivary pH compared to conventional toothpaste. Conclusion: The salivary pH of children who used toothpaste without xylitol experienced a variation of +0.52. This variation was positive and significant.