Examinando por Materia "Pronóstico"

Mostrando 1 - 5 de 5

Acceso abierto
Enfermedad mínima residual del día 15 ≥0.1% como predictor de recaída temprana en pacientes con leucemia linfoblástica aguda B del Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño San Borja, en el año 2020
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2024-07-07) Centeno Mamani, Yadira Diöne; Rosales Rimache, Jaime Alonso
La leucemia linfoblástica aguda de células B (LLA B) es la más frecuente de la LLA en niños y adolescentes, cuyo diagnóstico incluye, el mielograma, inmunofenotipo, índice de ADN, citogenética y biología molecular. El monitoreo de esta patología puede realizarse mediante la evaluación de la enfermedad minina residual (EMR), que puede llevarse a cabo mediante pruebas de biología molecular como la reacción de cadena de la polimerasa (PCR) y la next generation sequencing (NGS) o por citometría de flujo de nueva generación (NGF), ya que se ha demostrado que ambas tienen semejante sensibilidad. La EMR a los 15 días después del diagnóstico evalúa la respuesta precoz del tratamiento y es usada actualmente como pronóstico independiente para estratificar el nivel del riesgo de los pacientes, que puede ser riesgo estándar (<0.1%), intermedio (0.1% - 10%) y alto (>10%) de recaída. Esta información es valiosa porque si fuera necesario puede cambiarse el tratamiento de inducción y prevenir recaídas posterior al termino de tratamiento. El riesgo de recaída es generalmente proporcional al nivel de EMR, aunque también depende de los subtipos de LLA según clasificación genotípica y fenotípica.
Acceso abierto
Level of knowledge in basic life support that nursing graduates who work in DIRIS Lima Norte health establishments have in the district of Comas 2020
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2021-08-22) Bustamante Carrasco, José Luis; Basurto Santillán, Ivan Javier
In the world the incidence of cardiac arrest is high. In our country, heart diseases occupy second place among the causes of death. In the city of Lima, the average time it takes for a victim in cardiac arrest to receive life support is 17.2 minutes, after 10 minutes it is generally the prognosis is bad. Health centers and posts, due to their proximity to families, could respond more quickly to this type of emergency, which is why the professional nursing staff who work in these health establishments must be constantly trained and updated in basic life support, guaranteeing an adequate and quick response. The objective is to determine the level of knowledge about basic life support that nursing graduates who work in health centers and posts of the DIRIS Lima Norte in the district of Comas have. This research will have a quantitative approach, in terms of methodological design, it is a cross-sectional descriptive research. A questionnaire-type data collection instrument will be used, prepared based on the basic life support guidelines of the American Heart Association 2015, its 2018 and 2020 updates.
Acceso abierto
Nutritional support in patients with cancer head and neck
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2021-03-30) Hernández Hernández, Lucy Alicia; Bohórquez Medina, Andrea Lisbet
Head and neck cancer patients have high prevalence rates of malnutrition, negatively impacting their survival, therefore nutritional support measures are absolutely necessary. Objective: to analyze the evidence on nutritional support in patients with head and neck cancer. Clinical question: What is the nutritional support provided to patients with head and neck cancer? Methodology: a critical review of the different research works that could answer the clinical question was carried out. Studies were included where nutritional support measures were evaluated in patients with head and neck cancer, those studies published in Spanish, English and Portuguese, between 2010 and 2020. Likewise, the Boolean operators (AND, OR and NOT) were used to connect the keywords. The search was restricted to articles with full text, which were subjected to critical reading, using the CASPe evaluation system. The CASPe critical reading program was used to evaluate the quality of the evidence of the selected articles, from the different information seekers. Results: 40 research papers were found, of which 12 were selected. According to the findings of the reviewed scientific studies, it is evidenced that there are multiple measures of nutritional support in patients with head and neck cancer. Conclusion: there are various nutritional support measures in patients with head and neck cancer, which include: perioperative education, screening at the beginning of care, evaluating nutritional status, early resumption of postoperative nutrition, perioperative supplementation, immunonutrition and feeding tube placement selectively.
Acceso abierto
PRONOSTICO DE PACIENTES CON INSUFICIENCIA RESPIRATORIA AGUDA SOMETIDOS A VENTILACIÓN MECÁNICA NO INVASIVA
(UNIVERSIDAD PRIVADA NORBERT WIENER, 2017) Mejia Fernandez, Rojsana; Pacheco Saucedo, Esperanza Dalila
Objetivo: Determinar el pronóstico de pacientes con insuficiencia respiratoria aguda sometidos a ventilación mecánica no invasiva Materiales y Métodos: Las Revisiones Sistemáticas son un diseño de estudio observacional, descriptivo y analítico, que sintetiza los resultados de múltiples investigaciones primarias. Son parte esencial de la enfermería basada en la evidencia por su rigurosa metodología, identificando los estudios relevantes para responder preguntas específicas de la práctica clínica. Resultados: Los autores de los artículos revisados concuerdan en que el pronóstico de pacientes con insuficiencia respiratoria aguda sometidos a ventilación mecánica no invasiva es positiva porque no es un procedimiento invasivo, no es muy costosa , no es dolorosa ,te permite comer, hablar, y sobre todo te encuentras despierto y también hay que remarcar que se he ha encontrado similitudes con otros estudios nacionales y latinoamericanos, en el sentido que el pronóstico de pacientes con insuficiencia respiratoria aguda sometidos a ventilación mecánica no invasiva. Conclusiones: Las evidencias de los artículos revisados nos muestran, que el pronóstico de pacientes con insuficiencia respiratoria aguda sometidos a ventilación mecánica no invasiva es útil ya que reduce la posibilidad de intubación orotraqueal en el 85%; además, disminuye de manera significativa el tiempo de estancia hospitalaria comparada con el estándar (ventilación mecánica asistida). La acidosis respiratoria ofrece la mayor posibilidad de respuesta exitosa con la ventilación mecánica no invasiva. Las complicaciones graves que se presentan en la ventilación no invasiva con presión positiva son menores cuando se compara con la ventilación mecánica asistida. El tiempo de respuesta en las variables clínicas, fisiológicas se observaron dentro de las dos primeras horas de haber iniciado la ventilación mecánica no invasiva.
Acceso abierto
Use of the NIHSS scale in the prognostic assessment of stroke in patients attended in critical areas
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2020-02-01) Flores Menor, Rosa Isabel; Arauco Arauco, Ingrid Ninoska; Matta Solis, Hernan Hugo
Objective: To systematize the evidence on the use of the NIHSS scale in the prognostic assessment of stroke in patients treated in critical care units. Material and Methods: A systematic review of international research was conducted, obtained from the following databases: Epistemonikos, PubMed, Elsevier, Google Scholar, and Scielo, which were analyzed using the GRADE system to determine the level of evidence. The search was conducted using the DeCS and MeSH descriptors for Spanish and English searches, respectively. The study population consisted of 94 scientific articles, of which 10 represented the sample. Of the articles reviewed, 40% (4/10) were from the USA, and 60% (6/10) were from Germany, France, China, Egypt, England, and Italy, respectively. Furthermore, 40% (4/10) corresponded to systematic reviews, randomized clinical trials, non-randomized clinical trials, and observational studies, while 60% (6/10) were cohort studies. Results: 100% (10/10) of the evidence indicates that the use of the NIHSS scale is effective in the prognostic assessment of stroke in patients treated in critical care units. It has been shown to be a reliable tool that enables timely and appropriate decision-making. Conclusions: 10 out of 10 pieces of evidence demonstrate that the use of the NIHSS scale is effective in the prognostic assessment of stroke in patients treated in critical care units.