Factores asociados a escoliosis postural en estudiantes de primaria de la institución educativa 5085 Ramiro Prialé Prialé, Callao, 2024

Abstract

Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados a escoliosis postural en estudiantes de primaria de la I.E “Ramiro Prialé Prialé” N° 5085, Callao, 2024. Métodos: El estudio fue no experimental, correlacional y transversal, con enfoque cuantitativo y método hipotético deductivo. Se recopiló información de 238 estudiantes de quinto y sexto grado de primaria mediante un cuestionario y una ficha de evaluación visual de la columna vertebral. Resultados: Se encontró que solo un 35,7% presenta escoliosis no estructural o postural y un 2,5%, escoliosis estructural, mientras que un 61,8% no presentaba escoliosis postural. Las mujeres con escoliosis postural representan un 24,4%; los varones, un 13,9%. Los factores que se asociaron a escoliosis postural fueron: el sexo (p=0,001), imagen con la que se identifican al usar la carpeta escolar (p<0,001), forma de llevar la mochila (p=0,001), postura al sentarse en clase (p=0,002), peso de la mochila (p<0,001); y estado nutricional (p<0,001). Conclusión: Se determinó que sí existen factores asociados a escoliosis postural, los cuales fueron el sexo, imagen con la que se identifican al usar la carpeta escolar, la forma de cargar la mochila, la postura al sentarse, el peso de la mochila y el estado nutricional.

Objective: To determine the factors associated with postural scoliosis in primary school students at the I. E “Ramiro Prialé Prialé” N° 5085, Callao, 2024.Methodology: The study was non-experimental, correlational and cross-sectional, with a quantitative approach and hypothetical-deductive method. Information was collected from 238 fifth and sixth grade primary school students using a questionnaire and a visual evaluation form of the spine. Results: It was found that only 35.7% had non-structural or postural scoliosis and 2.5% had structural scoliosis, while 61.8% did not have postural scoliosis. Women with postural scoliosis represented 24.4%; men, 13.9%. The factors associated with postural scoliosis were: sex (p=0.001), image with which they identified when using their school folder (p<0.001), way of carrying the backpack (p=0.001), posture when sitting in class (p=0.002), weight of the backpack (p<0.001); and nutritional status (p<0.001).Conclusion: It was determined that there are factors associated with postural scoliosis, which were sex, the image with which they identify when using the school folder, the way they carry the backpack, their posture when sitting, the weight of the backpack and nutritional status.