Sociodemographic Characteristics of the Mother and Nutritional Status of Children Aged 3 to 5 Years at the Fermín Ávila Kindergarten Educational Institution in Mi Perú, Lima 2019

Abstract

The objective of this study was to understand the sociodemographic characteristics of mothers and the nutritional status of children aged 3 to 5 years at the Fermin Avila Kindergarten Educational Institution in Mi Peru, Lima, 2019. The study design was observational, descriptive, and quantitative in nature. Data collection was conducted using a clinical record for the mothers (sociodemographic factors), and the Body Mass Index (BMI) for the children aged 3, 4, and 5 years was also recorded in the same form. The results were as follows: for children aged 3 to 4 years, according to the height-for-age index, 1.4% had low height, 84.5% had normal height, and 14.1% had high height. According to the weight-for-age index, 88.7% had normal weight, while 11.3% were overweight. According to the weight-for-height index, 88.7% had normal weight, and 11.3% were overweight. For 5-year-old children, 58.3% had normal weight, 30.6% were overweight, and 11.1% were obese. For the mothers, sociodemographic characteristics were considered. According to marital status, 55.6% were cohabiting; according to the number of children, 50% had 2 children; according to monthly family income, 25.9% had an income of 301 to 500 soles; according to housing, 31.5% lived in an incomplete own home; according to access to electricity, 100% had access; according to access to potable water, 82.4% had access to tap water; according to insurance type, 50.9% had SIS (Social Health Insurance); and according to education level, 63% had completed secondary education. It is concluded that there are no cases of malnutrition among children aged 3 to 5 years. The majority have a good nutritional status, but a significant group presents with overweight and obesity. According to the sociodemographic characteristics of the mothers, most have a minimum adequate quality of life.

Objetivo: El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer las características sociodemográficas de la madre y el estado nutricional de los niños de 3 a 5 años de la Institución Educativa Jardín Fermín Ávila en Mi Perú, Lima 2019. El diseño del estudio corresponde a una investigación observacional , descriptivo y de nivel cuantitativo; la recolección de datos se realizó mediante una ficha clínica para las madres (factores sociodemográficos) y en esa misma ficha se llenó el Índice de masa corporal para los niños de 3, 4 y 5 años. Se obtuvo como resultados: en los niños de 3 a 4 años los resultados fueron según el índice de talla para edad el 1.4% tuvo una talla baja, el 84.5% tuvo una talla normal y el 14.1% tuvo una talla alta, según el índice de peso para edad el 88.7% presento un peso normal pero el 11.3% presentó sobrepeso, según el Índice de peso para talla el 88.7% tuvo un peso normal y el 11.3% tuvo sobrepeso; en los niños de 5 años el 58.3% presento un peso normal, el 30.6% presento un sobrepeso y el 11.1% presento obesidad. De acuerdo .....a las características sociodemográficas de las madres la mayoría tiene una calidad de vida mínima adecuada.