Medicina Humana

URI permanente para esta colecciónhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.13053/20

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Stratification of the degrees of severity, socioeconomic and nutritional characteristics associated with anemia in children under three years of age of the CUNAMAS National Program, Huancavelica, 2023
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2022-07-01) Ore Cayllahua, Rosario Del Carmen; La Torre Matuk, Alejandra
In Peru, anemia is prevalent in the highland regions, especially among children under five years old. In Huancavelica, the anemia rate is estimated at 65%, primarily in children aged six months to three years, with iron deficiency identified as one of the main contributing factors. This study investigated the stratification of severity and its association with socio-economic and nutritional characteristics in 178 children from the National Cuna Mas Program. The results suggest the need to explore other factors influencing anemia, as despite the consumption of iron-rich foods or supplementation, the prevalence remains high. A significant association was found between socio-economic characteristics and anemia presence.
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Factors associated with therapeutic adherence in patients with hypertension in the patients with arterial hypertension at the Buenos Aires de Villa health center in the year 2023
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-01-11) Palacios Valdez, Megume Milagros; Avilés Gonzaga, Roberto Carlos
Introduction: Chronic diseases remain a growing problem. Treatment includes lifestyle changes, pharmacological treatment, physical activity, among others. These changes require therapeutic adherence from patients. Hypertension is currently one of the most prevalent chronic diseases, with elevated blood pressure representing two-thirds and half of all cases of stroke and ischemic heart disease, respectively. Objective: To determine the factors associated with therapeutic adherence in patients with hypertension at the Buenos Aires de Villa Health Center in 2023. Methodology: Cross-sectional analytical study. The Morisky-Green instrument was used to evaluate adherence to pharmacological treatment in hypertensive patients at the Buenos Aires de Villa Health Center in Lima during 2023. Sociodemographic and clinical variables related to hypertension treatment were measured. A bivariate analysis was performed to determine the association between the studied variables. Results: It was found that 58.0% of patients had adherence to treatment, and 132 (42.0%) did not. Sociodemographic factors associated with treatment adherence were marital status (p=0.001) and living alone (p<0.001). Clinical factors associated with treatment adherence were having a comorbidity (p<0.001). Conclusion: Treatment adherence in hypertensive patients at the Buenos Aires de Villa Health Center was high; and the factors associated with treatment adherence were marital status, living alone, and having a comorbidity.
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Prevalence and risk factors associated with urinary tract infection in pregnant women at the San José Lima Maternal and Infantil Center, 2023
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-01-18) Medina Pillaca, Carolina; Espinoza Pacheco, Jorge Luis
The research aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with urinary tract infections in pregnant women at the San José Maternal and Child Center in Lima in 2023. Methodology: A quantitative approach with an inductive-deductive method, analytical type, and non-experimental design was used. The population consisted of 397 pregnant women from the San José Maternal and Child Center. A sample of 196 participants was selected using a statistical formula. The technique of reviewing and analyzing clinical histories was used, employing observation forms validated by an expert. Results: It was found that 47 women had urinary tract infections. Factors influencing this condition included age, marital status, educational level, place of origin, family type, number of children, gestational age, number of pregnancies, parity, quality of prenatal care, intergenetic period, anemia, gestational diabetes, and history of urinary tract infections. Conclusion: The prevalence of urinary tract infections was 23.98%.
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Profile of children diagnosed with autism in Hospital II Essalud Cañete between 2018 and 2023
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-03-14) Tisza Torres, Maricielo Karolay; Calderón Castillo, Rosa Angela
Introduction: Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is on the rise; therefore, early detection and timely treatment, along with awareness of the issue, will improve care for children. Objective: To describe the characteristics of children diagnosed with autism at Hospital II EsSalud Cañete between 2018 and 2023. Material and Methods: A quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive cross-sectional study with a sample of 80 children diagnosed with autism. Medical records provided by the Hospital II EsSalud Cañete of the Rebagliati Network were used. Results: The average age was 6.08 years, and the average age of diagnosis was 3.06 years. 78.8% were male. 93.7% had a delay in language development, 90.0% had behavioral problems, and 86.3% exhibited repetitive habits. Among the profiles, the cognitive profile was moderate at 83.8%, the sensory profile at 63.7%, the psychosocial profile at 60.0%, and the behavioral profile at 68.8%. Conclusion: There is a need for a comprehensive evaluation of each child with ASD, considering their individual characteristics, prenatal history, and sociodemographic context, in order to provide treatments tailored to their needs.
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Neonatal factors associated with mortality of premature babies hospitalized in neonatal intensive care at the Guillermo Almenara National Hospital, Lima 2022
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-07-01) Haro Norabuena, Rosana Sadith; Gonzales Carrillo, Javier José
Introduction: Mortality in preterm infants is a health system issue as it reflects indicators related to maternal-neonatal health. Despite efforts to reduce neonatal mortality rates globally, significant disparities still persist, especially between poor and developing countries. Objective: To determine the neonatal factors associated with mortality in preterm infants hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at the Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen National Hospital, Lima 2022. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted on preterm neonates who were treated in the neonatology service of the Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen National Hospital between January and December 2022. The sample included 300 preterm neonates. Results: It was found that 51.0% were male, 86% were delivered by cesarean section, and the average weight was 1560.73 g. The neonatal factors associated with mortality in preterm infants hospitalized in neonatal intensive care were found. Factors such as Apgar score (p<0.001), neonatal infection (p<0.001), perinatal asphyxia (p<0.001), hypothermia (p<0.001), and hypoglycemia (p<0.001) were associated with neonatal mortality. Conclusion: Neonatal factors are associated with mortality in preterm infants hospitalized in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Guillermo Almenara Hospital, Lima 2022.
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Personality traits in the volunteers of Payacetamol: hospital and community clowns, from the National University of San Marcos 2020
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-07-02) Yacolca Santos, Jafet Elam; Contreras Carmona, Pavel Jaime
The general objective of this research was to identify personality traits in the volunteers of Payacetamol: hospital and community clowns, from the National University of San Marcos 2020. The research method was hypothetico-deductive, with a quantitative approach, basic in nature, non-experimental design, cross-sectional, and descriptive in scope. The study population consisted of 82 volunteers from Payacetamol: hospital and community clowns, who were the focus of this research. The sample was determined through non-probabilistic convenience sampling, constituting the entire population as the sample; that is, 82 Payacetamol volunteers. The results indicated that most medical students in the study showed moderate levels in traits such as agreeableness, dominance, and liveliness. However, notable concerns were observed in areas such as low emotional stability (72.5%) and high tension (76.4%). High levels of sensitivity (75.3%) and vigilance (71.3%) were also observed. The data highlight areas of personality where students exhibit extreme or notable characteristics, which could have implications for their well-being and effectiveness in medical settings.
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Factors associated with acute respiratory infections in Children under 5 years of age according to the demographic and family health survey - ENDES 2022
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-07-03) Polo Pucho, Diego Andree; Gonzales Carrillo, Javier José
Methodology: A quantitative, hypothetical-deductive, and cross-sectional study using secondary data from ENDES 2022. The sample included 6922 children under 60 months old. Results: The prevalence of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in infants and children under 5 years old was 38.5%. Children aged 1 to 3 years accounted for 37.5% of ARIs (p<0.001). The lowest wealth quintile had a frequency of 31.1% (p=0.002) of ARIs, and 55.2% of children with mothers who had a secondary education experienced ARIs (p<0.001). Conclusions: Lower wealth quintile and female sex are risk factors for ARIs, while being between 1 to 5 years old and having a mother with secondary education serve as protective factors.
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Psychosocial risks associated with musculoskeletal disorders of health personnel in the Emergency Service of the PNP “Luis N. Sáenz” hospital – 2023
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-08-04) Castillo Mejía, Mayra Lizeth; Diaz Barrientos, Galina
Healthcare personnel in the Emergency area of the PNP Luis N. Sáenz hospital respond to rigorous demands inherent to the service, which increases the psychosocial risks of their work. Additionally, musculoskeletal disorders in this occupational group have been increasing over the years. Objective: To determine the relationship between psychosocial work risks and musculoskeletal disorders in healthcare staff from the emergency service at the PNP "Luis N. Sáenz" hospital in 2023. Methodology: A cross-sectional, observational, analytical, and correlational study was conducted. The population consisted of healthcare professionals from the emergency department of this hospital from September to October 2023, totaling 176 healthcare workers. The Nordic questionnaire was used to assess musculoskeletal injuries, and the CoPsoQ Istas 21 psychosocial risk assessment questionnaire was used for evaluating psychosocial risks. Results: 71.1% of emergency service staff suffer from musculoskeletal injuries, and the level of psychosocial work risks is high (43.8%). It was also found that psychological demands are significantly related to musculoskeletal injuries.
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Association between knowledge and attitudes about breast cancer in women who attend the output gynecology office at the Central Hospital PNP Luis N Saenz, 2024
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-08-04) Vera Rodas, Zolanch Geraldine; Rivas Rivas, Carlos Alberto
The objective is to determine the association between knowledge and attitudes towards breast cancer in women attending the gynecology outpatient clinic at the Central PNP Luis N. Saenz Hospital in 2024. Methodology: The study has a quantitative, analytical, and cross-sectional approach. The study population consisted of women aged 18 to 60 years, and the sample included 286 women attending the gynecology outpatient clinic at the Central PNP Luis N. Saenz Hospital in 2024. Results: The predominant knowledge level was high, reaching 87.2%, while 80.4% of women showed positive attitudes. Conclusion: The study found an association between high knowledge and positive attitudes (P<0.001), showing a 73% higher likelihood (RPa 1.73; IC95% 1.34-2.34; p<0.01) of women exhibiting positive attitudes towards breast cancer.
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Mechanical vs. Manual Anastomosis: A Comparative Analysis of Postoperative Complications in Colon Cancer Patients at Guillermo Almenara Hospital in 2023
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-09-10) Vasquez Moori, Angelo Fabrizio; Contreras Pulache, Hans Lenin
Introduction: Colorectal cancer represents a significant public health concern. Resection is the only curative treatment, but its complications significantly affect morbidity and mortality. In Peru, there are few comparative reviews on post-surgical complications related to the type of intestinal anastomosis (mechanical vs. manual). Objective: To compare post-operative complications between mechanical and manual anastomosis in patients with colon cancer operated on at the Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen National Hospital (HNGAI) in 2023. Method: A retrospective, observational, and analytical study was conducted using electronic medical records of 60 post-operative patients with mechanical and manual anastomosis. Results: No significant differences were found in the incidence of post-operative complications between the techniques (p=0.357), nor in specific complications such as ileus, ISO, and dehiscence. Predictors of dehiscence were identified, including perioperative transfusion (p=0.044) and a CRP value on the third post-operative day (PO3) ≥140 mg/l (p=0.012). Conclusions: Neither technique showed superiority in terms of post-operative complications. Both techniques are equally effective, and the choice will depend on individual factors, material availability, and surgeon preferences. Perioperative transfusion and elevated CRP in the post-operative period could predict complications such as anastomotic leakage.
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Association between healthy lifestyles and mental health disorders in medical students of a private university in metropolitan Lima, 2023
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-09-17) Ayala Laurel, Nila Yolanda Valeria; Chiroque Becerra, María Guadalupe
This study aimed to determine the association between healthy lifestyles and mental health disorders in medical students from a private university in Lima during 2023. An observational analytical cross-sectional study was conducted. In the 2023-II semester, medical students from a private university in Lima completed the Healthy Lifestyle Questionnaire (CEVS), the DASS 21 questionnaire (measuring depression, anxiety, and stress), and a data collection form. Sociodemographic, academic, and clinical variables associated with healthy lifestyles were measured. Results showed that 51.7% of students had healthy lifestyles. Additionally, 8.5% of students experienced depression, 21.3% had anxiety, and 45.7% experienced stress. A significant association was found between depression and stress when compared to healthy lifestyles. Conclusion: Stress and depression were the mental health disorders associated with a healthy lifestyle. It was concluded that there is a relationship between maintaining a healthy lifestyle and mental health disorders among medical students at a private university in Lima Metropolitan area, 2023.
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Factors associated with anemia in diabetic patients at the Buenos Aires Maternal and Child Center in Villa de Lima in the period from January to April attended by an external clinic 2021
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-09-24) Mahmoud Ayala, Diego Alonso; Aldave Visurraga, Abel
Diabetes mellitus is a group of syndromes characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to deficient production of the hormone insulin and/or resistance to it. Objective: To determine the factors associated with anemia in diabetic patients treated at the outpatient clinic of the Buenos Aires de Villa Maternal and Child Center from January to April 2021. Methodology: An observational, analytical, retrospective cohort study was conducted, with a population of 150 patients and a sample of 109 patients. A data collection form was used to obtain variables such as age, sex, anemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, glycated hemoglobin, BMI, and metformin dose. Results: The variables of age between 30-59 years and female sex were statistically significant for the study with a p<0.05, qualifying as factors associated with anemia in diabetic patients. The remaining variables did not show statistical significance. Conclusions: During this research, it was determined that the adult group and female sex showed a higher presence of anemia, demonstrating that these two factors are associated with the development of anemia in diabetic patients.
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Epidemiological and clinical aspects of patients with acute appendicitis care during the Covid-19 pandemic (2020-2022) at The II-2 San Juan De Lurigancho Hospita
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2023-09-29) Canchihuaman Suasnabar, Mercedes del Pilar; Barrios Morocho, Juan Luis
Introduction: Acute abdomen is one of the most frequently presented syndromes in emergency centers of hospitals in Peru and worldwide. Acute appendicitis is an emergency surgical pathology with high incidence in all hospitals. COVID-19 caused a disruption in the flow of care for various pathologies, among which the aforementioned pathology may have experienced changes in its epidemiological and clinical presentation during the pandemic. Objective: To determine the epidemiological and clinical aspects of patients with acute appendicitis treated during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2022) at Hospital II-2 San Juan de Lurigancho. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional, descriptive, and retrospective study; 262 patients were included, with the admission criterion being acute appendicitis. A percentage description, Chi-square analysis, and Odds Ratio of epidemiological and clinical aspects were developed. Results: Patients < 65 years had a higher probability of presenting complicated acute appendicitis as a pre-surgical diagnosis compared to patients > 65 years (OR: 5.54; CI: 95%); patients < 65 years had a higher probability of presenting complicated acute appendicitis as a post-surgical diagnosis compared to patients > 65 years (OR: 1.94; CI: 95%). Conclusion: The epidemiological and clinical profile of patients with acute appendicitis may have been altered during the pandemic, specifically in age group, hospitalization time, disease evolution time, pre-surgical diagnosis, pre-surgical time, and post-surgical diagnosis.
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Quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis at Centro de Hemodialysis Inversiones Médicas Victoria S.A.C.
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2024-01-17) Alcantara Cuellar, Caroline Brigitt; Hostia Cardeña, Alvaro Nicanor
Chronic kidney disease is a progressive and gradual deterioration, which requires complex and restrictive treatment, such as hemodialysis; this will generate a change in quality of life, and the patient must adapt to stressors that are part of the disease process. Therefore, it is essential that they accept and face these changes to reduce the effects that will occur each year. The main objective of the study is to evaluate the quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis at the Inversiones Médicas Victoria S.A.C. Hemodialysis Center. Methodology: 88 patients participated; the SF-12 questionnaire was used to evaluate quality of life and its corresponding measures, such as mental and physical health. Results: A large percentage were elderly of both genders with higher education, married, dependent and independent, with similar percentages suffering from diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension, as well as those with arteriovenous fistula and central venous catheter, and most had more than two years of treatment. Overall, 64.8% showed fair quality of life, 36.4% and 44.3% had poor and fair results, respectively, in the physical dimension, and 76.1% had a fair result in the mental health dimension. Conclusion: Patients showed fair quality of life, especially in mental health and to a lesser extent in the physical health dimension.
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Factors associated with asthma exacerbations in hospitalized pediatric patients in a Lima hospital, 2024
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2024-02-22) Aliaga Cáceres, Bellanira Sara; Gonzales Carrillo, Javier José
Introduction: Asthma is considered one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide, with children being particularly vulnerable. Asthma exacerbations, known as asthma attacks, can lead to hospitalization and intensive care, especially in pediatric populations. In Lima, pediatric asthma hospitalizations have shown an increasing trend, highlighting the urgent need to better understand contributing factors. Objective: To identify and analyze factors associated with asthma crises in hospitalized pediatric patients at a Lima hospital in 2023. Methods: Observational retrospective analytical study using electronic medical records from 72 patients divided into cases (asthmatic patients with asthma crises) and controls (asthmatic patients without asthma crises). Results: Significant factors associated with asthma crises included eczema comorbidity (p=0.006, OR=11.66), parental asthma history (p=0.001, OR=6.20), lack of inhaled corticosteroid use (p=0.000, OR=7.33), and fewer than three annual check-ups (p=0.004, OR=4.20). Conclusion: Asthma crises were associated with factors such as eczema comorbidity, parental asthma history, lack of inhaled corticosteroid use, and fewer than three annual outpatient visits.
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Risk factors associated with postpartum depression in postpartum women who attend control at the obstetrics office at the PNP LNS hospital in the period April - May, 2024
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2024-03-20) Picón Flores, Samanta; Casana Jara, Kelly Milagritos
Addresses and exposes the risk factors associated with depression postpartum in puerperal women who attend control at the health clinic obstetrics at the PNP LNS Hospital in the period April - May 2024 to be able to apply good prevention and early detection.
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Factors associated with depressive symptoms in pregnant patients served at the El Progreso mother and infant center between february - march 2023
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2024-03-20) Cortez Toma, Mery Isabel; Contreras Pulache, Hans Lenin
Pregnancy brings about physical, neurochemical, and endocrine changes that can affect a woman’s mental health. When combined with genetic predisposition and environmental factors, depression is more likely to develop. Although pregnancy is often regarded as a joyful time, it can also present mental health challenges, such as depression. The prevalence of depression during pregnancy is between 5-10% in international studies, affecting 10-15% of women and 5-12% of men. A study in a maternity ward in Peru found that 17% of mothers experienced depression, showing that perinatal depression is more prevalent than postpartum depression, which ranges from 8.1% to 9.1%.
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Frequency of vertical transmission in newborns of mothers with COVID-19 treated at the National Maternal Perinatal Institute, 2021
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2024-04-17) Urbano Soto, Cynthia Pamela; Espinoza Pacheco, Jorge Luis
Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 is the type of beta coronavirus responsible for the origin of COVID-19, similar to MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV. In December 2019, an outbreak occurred in Wuhan, China, and was classified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO). COVID-19 has high morbidity and mortality, potentially impacting the health of neonates. Objective: To determine the frequency of vertical transmission in newborns of mothers with COVID-19 treated at the INMP in 2021. Methodology: An observational, descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using the INMP 2021 database, selecting 235 clinical histories of pregnant women with COVID-19. A descriptive univariate analysis was performed regarding the frequency of each variable. Results: 235 mothers and neonates participated. 80.9% of neonates were born at term, and 19.1% were preterm. 12.3% (29/235) tested positive for COVID-19, and of these, 3% (7/235) were admitted to the COVID ICU. The mortality rate was 2.6% (6/235). Conclusion: The study found a vertical transmission frequency of COVID-19 of 12.3%, similar to other systematic review studies.
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Level of depression, anxiety and stress in secondary school students of a private and public school in ate vitarte, May-June 2023
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2024-05-29) Gamarra Contreras, Brado Alejandro; Ugarte Núñez, Kateryn Del Carmen
Adolescence is the most important transition stage in human life, being the factor hormonal who will exponentially develop the characterization of a being to integrate into the society. The progressive development of psychoemotional disorders without any management will cause negative characteristics in the person, such as sadness, hopelessness, bad eating habits, low self-esteem, attention deficit, among others. The objective of the research is to determine the degrees of depression, anxiety and stress in adolescent schoolchildren from a private and public school of ate vitarte in the period May-June 2023. Descriptive observational, cross-sectional study, with a total sample of 224 schoolchildren, was used the DASS-21 instrument to evaluate the degrees of depression, anxiety and stress. Degrees of normality were found, in depression 20.5%, anxiety 14.3%, and stress 32.1%, and degrees pathological in depression 79.5%, anxiety 85.7% and stress 69.7%. Private Institution degrees normality in depression 20%, anxiety 16.9%, and stress 27.7%, and pathological degrees in depression 80%, anxiety 83.1% and stress 72.3%. Public Institution degrees of normality in depression 20.8%, anxiety 13.2%, and stress 34%, and pathological degrees in depression 79.2%, anxiety 86.8% and stress 66%
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Bibliometric Analysis of Neurosurgery Research with Participation from Latin America and the Caribbean: An Approach from Scopus (1955-2022)
(Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, 2024-06-19) Sevillano Jimenez, Javier Alexander; Contreras Pulache, Hans Lenin
Despite efforts to promote scientific production in the region, there is a significant gap in the resources allocated compared to developed countries. The aim is to identify bibliometric and thematic characteristics of the most cited articles in neurosurgery in Latin America and the Caribbean. A quantitative methodology was used for the search using Scopus, with inclusion and exclusion criteria applied. Bibliometrix and Biblioshiny App were used for bibliometric analysis and graph generation, and VOSviewer for co-authorship and keyword network maps. The results indicate an increase in scientific production in neurosurgery in the region, with an average of 21.5 citations per document and 23,893 references in the analyzed articles. A total of 1,854 keywords and 5,466 authors were identified, showing thematic and collaborative diversity. The most productive institutions include the University of São Paulo, the Federal University of São Paulo, and the State University of Campinas. Notable journals include "ARCHIVES OF NEURO-PSYCHIATRY," "SURGICAL NEUROLOGY INTERNATIONAL," and "JOURNAL OF NEUROSURGERY." The diversity of keywords suggests a wide range of research areas in neurosurgery. In conclusion, scientific production in neurosurgery in the region has significantly increased, with thematic diversity and collaborations, and key institutions and journals were identified, which may guide future research and advances in the field.

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